Department of Justice
Welche Paragraphen gelten?
Sagen Sie, was passiert ist — und Sie bekommen die Paragraphen des kalifornischen Gesetzes, die dafür gelten. Jeden mit Fundstelle zum Kopieren.
1Was ist passiert?
Schreiben Sie in eigenen Worten, was passiert ist. Ganze Sätze sind richtig; steckt mehr als eine Tat darin, werden sie getrennt. Ein Stichwort geht genauso — „Raub“, „Einbruch“, „211“.
Zum Beispiel
- „Ich hab ein Auto geklaut und bin dann vor der Polizei abgehauen“
- „Ich bin besoffen gefahren“
- „Einbruch in ein Haus, dabei was mitgenommen“
- „Ich hab jemanden geschlagen“
- „Nach dem Unfall bin ich abgehauen“
Oft gesucht
1374 Taten gefunden · Seite 94 von 115
Verkehrsschilder beschädigen und Ampeln manipulieren
Verboten ist, ohne Berechtigung ein amtliches Verkehrszeichen, einen Leitpfosten, einen Schilderpfosten, eine Notrufsäule oder einen historischen Markierungsstein zu beschmieren, zu beschädigen, zu bekleben, umzuwerfen, zu entfernen oder darauf zu schießen — dasselbe gilt für Aufschriften, Wappen und Hoheitszeichen darauf. Verboten ist ausserdem, ein Gerät zu benutzen oder einzubauen, das die Schaltung einer Ampel unterbrechen oder umstellen kann, etwa einen mobilen Infrarotsender. Ebenso verboten ist, ein solches Gerät zu kaufen, zu besitzen, herzustellen, einzubauen, zu verkaufen, anzubieten oder weiterzugeben. Erlaubt ist beides nur für Einsatzfahrzeuge und den öffentlichen Nahverkehr im Dienst oder mit Genehmigung der Verkehrsbehörde.
Strafenormalerweise 2 Jahre Gefängnis· dazu $5.000 – $10.000
Cal. Veh. Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
16 Monate·2 Jahre·3 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „16 Monate · 2 Jahre · 3 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „16 months, or two or three years“
Cal. Veh. Code § 21464 — Verkehrsschilder beschädigen und Ampeln manipulierenWortlautzu
Verboten ist, ohne Berechtigung ein amtliches Verkehrszeichen, einen Leitpfosten, einen Schilderpfosten, eine Notrufsäule oder einen historischen Markierungsstein zu beschmieren, zu beschädigen, zu bekleben, umzuwerfen, zu entfernen oder darauf zu schießen — dasselbe gilt für Aufschriften, Wappen und Hoheitszeichen darauf. Verboten ist ausserdem, ein Gerät zu benutzen oder einzubauen, das die Schaltung einer Ampel unterbrechen oder umstellen kann, etwa einen mobilen Infrarotsender. Ebenso verboten ist, ein solches Gerät zu kaufen, zu besitzen, herzustellen, einzubauen, zu verkaufen, anzubieten oder weiterzugeben. Erlaubt ist beides nur für Einsatzfahrzeuge und den öffentlichen Nahverkehr im Dienst oder mit Genehmigung der Verkehrsbehörde.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Wird durch den vorsätzlichen Verstoß ein Mensch verletzt oder getötet: Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h des Penal Code oder Haft bis zu sechs Monaten im County Jail, und dazu eine Geldstrafe von 5.000 bis 10.000 US-Dollar. Ohne Verletzte: Geldstrafe bis 5.000 US-Dollar. Das Gericht muss dem Verurteilten erlauben, statt der Geldstrafe ganz oder teilweise gemeinnützige Arbeit zu leisten.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(d) Any willful violation of subdivision (a), (b), or (c) that results in injury to, or the death of, a person is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 of the Penal Code, or by imprisonment in a county jail for a period of not more than six months, and by a fine of not less than five thousand dollars ($5,000) nor more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000).
(e) Any willful violation of subdivision (a), (b), or (c) that does not result in injury to, or the death of, a person is punishable by a fine of not more than five thousand dollars ($5,000).
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) A person, without lawful authority, may not deface, injure, attach any material or substance to, knock down, or remove, nor may a person shoot at, any official traffic control device, traffic guidepost, traffic signpost, motorist callbox, or historical marker placed or erected as authorized or required by law, nor may a person without lawful authority deface, injure, attach any material or substance to, or remove, nor may a person shoot at, any inscription, shield, or insignia on any device, guide, or marker. (b) A person may not use, and a vehicle, other than an authorized emergency vehicle or a public transit passenger vehicle, may not be equipped with, any device, including, but not limited to, a mobile infrared transmitter, that is capable of sending a signal that interrupts or changes the sequence patterns of an official traffic control signal unless that device or use is authorized by the Department of Transportation pursuant to Section 21350 or by local authorities pursuant to Section 21351. (c) A person may not buy, possess, manufacture, install, sell, offer for sale, or otherwise distribute a device described in subdivision (b), including, but not limited to, a mobile infrared transmitter (MIRT), unless the purchase, possession, manufacture, installation, sale, offer for sale, or distribution is for the use of the device by a peace officer or other person authorized to operate an authorized emergency vehicle or a public transit passenger vehicle, in the scope of his or her duties. (d) Any willful violation of subdivision (a), (b), or (c) that results in injury to, or the death of, a person is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 of the Penal Code, or by imprisonment in a county jail for a period of not more than six months, and by a fine of not less than five thousand dollars ($5,000) nor more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000). (e) Any willful violation of subdivision (a), (b), or (c) that does not result in injury to, or the death of, a person is punishable by a fine of not more than five thousand dollars ($5,000). (f) The court shall allow the offender to perform community service designated by the court in lieu of all or part of any fine imposed under this section.
: community service
Verkehrsregeln · Teil 11 · Geldstrafe $5.000 – $10.000
Springmesser
Strafbar macht sich, wer ein Springmesser mit einer Klingenlänge von zwei Zoll oder mehr im Fahrgast- oder Fahrerbereich eines Fahrzeugs an einem öffentlichen oder öffentlich zugänglichen Ort besitzt, wer es am Körper trägt oder wer es verkauft, zum Verkauf anbietet oder ausstellt, verleiht, überträgt oder verschenkt.
Strafebis zu 6 Monate oder bis $1.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 21510 — SpringmesserWortlautzu
Strafbar macht sich, wer ein Springmesser mit einer Klingenlänge von zwei Zoll oder mehr im Fahrgast- oder Fahrerbereich eines Fahrzeugs an einem öffentlichen oder öffentlich zugänglichen Ort besitzt, wer es am Körper trägt oder wer es verkauft, zum Verkauf anbietet oder ausstellt, verleiht, überträgt oder verschenkt.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Vergehen.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
guilty of a misdemeanor: (a) Possesses the knife in the passenger’s or driver’s area of any motor vehicle in any public place or place open to the public
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Every person who does any of the following with a switchblade knife having a blade two or more inches in length is guilty of a misdemeanor: (a) Possesses the knife in the passenger’s or driver’s area of any motor vehicle in any public place or place open to the public. (b) Carries the knife upon the person. (c) Sells, offers for sale, exposes for sale, loans, transfers, or gives the knife to any other person.
Kein eigenes Strafmaß im Text. Dann gilt Cal. Penal Code § 19: bis 6 Monate Haft oder bis $1.000 — diese Zahlen stehen dort, nicht hier.
Waffen und Geräte ausser Schusswaffen · Teil 6
Über den Mittelstreifen gefahren oder als Geisterfahrer unterwegs
Ist eine Straße durch Sperren oder einen mindestens zwei Fuß breiten Trennstreifen geteilt, ist verboten, über diesen Trennstreifen zu fahren und dort links abzubiegen, halb zu wenden oder ganz zu wenden — außer durch eine dafür vorgesehene und gekennzeichnete Öffnung. Verboten ist außerdem, auf der falschen Seite einer solchen Trennung zu fahren, also gegen den Verkehr.
Strafebis zu 6 Monate Gefängnis
Cal. Veh. Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Veh. Code § 21651 — Über den Mittelstreifen gefahren oder als Geisterfahrer unterwegsWortlautzu
Ist eine Straße durch Sperren oder einen mindestens zwei Fuß breiten Trennstreifen geteilt, ist verboten, über diesen Trennstreifen zu fahren und dort links abzubiegen, halb zu wenden oder ganz zu wenden — außer durch eine dafür vorgesehene und gekennzeichnete Öffnung. Verboten ist außerdem, auf der falschen Seite einer solchen Trennung zu fahren, also gegen den Verkehr.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Das Fahren auf der falschen Seite ist ein Vergehen (misdemeanor). Führt ein vorsätzlicher Verstoß zur Verletzung oder zum Tod eines Menschen, ist die Strafe Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h des Penal Code oder Haft im County Jail bis zu sechs Monaten.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(b) It is unlawful to drive any vehicle upon a highway, except to the right of an intermittent barrier or a dividing section which separates two or more opposing lanes of traffic. Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), a violation of this subdivision is a misdemeanor.
(c) Any willful violation of subdivision (b) which results in injury to, or death of, a person shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 of the Penal Code, or imprisonment in a county jail for a period of not more than six months.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Whenever a highway has been divided into two or more roadways by means of intermittent barriers or by means of a dividing section of not less than two feet in width, either unpaved or delineated by curbs, double-parallel lines, or other markings on the roadway, it is unlawful to do either of the following: (1) To drive any vehicle over, upon, or across the dividing section. (2) To make any left, semicircular, or U-turn with the vehicle on the divided highway, except through an opening in the barrier designated and intended by public authorities for the use of vehicles or through a plainly marked opening in the dividing section. (b) It is unlawful to drive any vehicle upon a highway, except to the right of an intermittent barrier or a dividing section which separates two or more opposing lanes of traffic. Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), a violation of this subdivision is a misdemeanor. (c) Any willful violation of subdivision (b) which results in injury to, or death of, a person shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 of the Penal Code, or imprisonment in a county jail for a period of not more than six months.
Verkehrsregeln · Teil 11
Stufe steht nicht im Gesetz
Unerlaubt auf der Olympia-Spur gefahren
Für die Olympischen und Paralympischen Spiele 2028 dürfen die Verkehrsbehörden bestimmte Spuren als Olympia-Route („games route network“) ausweisen. Dort darf nur fahren, wessen Fahrzeug eine von den Spielen ausgegebene Plakette trägt; im Übrigen gilt, was die Verkehrszeichen anordnen. Einsatzfahrzeuge und der öffentliche Nahverkehr sind ausgenommen. Die Überwachung darf durch Kameras erfolgen, die nur Heckkennzeichen und Plakette aufnehmen dürfen; vorher muss es eine Aufklärungskampagne und mindestens 30 Tage lang blosse Verwarnungen geben. Der Halter bekommt den Bescheid binnen 15 Tagen zugestellt.
Strafe$293 — kein Gefängnis im Text
Cal. Veh. Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Veh. Code § 21655.10 — Unerlaubt auf der Olympia-Spur gefahrenWortlautzu
Für die Olympischen und Paralympischen Spiele 2028 dürfen die Verkehrsbehörden bestimmte Spuren als Olympia-Route („games route network“) ausweisen. Dort darf nur fahren, wessen Fahrzeug eine von den Spielen ausgegebene Plakette trägt; im Übrigen gilt, was die Verkehrszeichen anordnen. Einsatzfahrzeuge und der öffentliche Nahverkehr sind ausgenommen. Die Überwachung darf durch Kameras erfolgen, die nur Heckkennzeichen und Plakette aufnehmen dürfen; vorher muss es eine Aufklärungskampagne und mindestens 30 Tage lang blosse Verwarnungen geben. Der Halter bekommt den Bescheid binnen 15 Tagen zugestellt.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Zivilrechtliche Geldbusse von 293 US-Dollar. Gegen Einsatzfahrzeuge und Fahrzeuge des öffentlichen Nahverkehrs wird sie nicht verhängt. Sie steht neben einer Anzeige durch die Polizei, für dieselbe Tat muss aber nur einmal gezahlt werden: Führt die Anzeige zu einem rechtskräftigen Urteil, entfällt die Geldbusse.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(o) (1) A civil penalty of two hundred ninety-three dollars ($293) shall be assessed for a violation of subdivision (a).
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) The department and local authorities, with respect to highways under their respective jurisdictions, may authorize or temporarily permit exclusive or preferential use of high-occupancy vehicle lanes, high-occupancy toll lanes, and other lanes, regardless of the number of passengers in the vehicle, for the games route network if the vehicle displays a distinctive decal, label, or other identifier issued by the organizers of the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games that clearly distinguishes the vehicle is being operated on the games route network during a 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period. A person shall not drive a vehicle upon those lanes except in conformity with the instructions imparted by the official traffic control devices. Exclusive or preferential use of those lanes shall not exclude authorized emergency vehicles as defined by Section 165, or public transit. (b) The design of the decal, label, or other identifier issued by the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games organizers shall be approved by the department, in collaboration with the Department of the California Highway Patrol, and shall display a serial number or identification number to verify that the decal, label, or other identifier is being used on the vehicle for which it is issued. (c) For purposes of this section: (1) “Automated enforcement system” means any combination of cameras, sensors, mobile applications, or other technology used to identify and cite violations of subdivision (a). An automated enforcement system does not include video cameras that continuously capture video footage of the roadways. An automated enforcement system may include personnel. (2) “Department” means the Department of Transportation. (3) “Games route network” means dedicated traffic lanes for travel used during the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period, as identified by the department or a local authority, in consultation with the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games organizers. (4) “2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period” means the days identified by the department for which the games route network shall be operable. (5) “Program operator” means a local authority or regional transportation agency administering the automated enforcement system pursuant to an agreement authorized by this section. (6) “Regional transportation agency” has the same meaning as subdivision (k) of Section 149.7 of the Streets and Highways Code. (d) The department, on highways in its jurisdiction, in consultation with state, local, and regional authorities and other relevant stakeholders, may establish a program for automated enforcement of drivers of vehicles that fail to obey the directions of a traffic control device establishing the games route network pursuant to subdivision (a) during the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period. (e) (1) A program operator shall administer a public information campaign at least 120 calendar days before implementation of an automated enforcement system pursuant to this section. (2) (A) Following the public information campaign described in paragraph (1), the program operator shall use automated enforcement systems to issue a warning letter to users of the games route network lanes for at least 30 days, unless the department determines a longer period is appropriate. A warning letter shall include the following information: (i) The dates of the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period. (ii) Restrictions on the use of the games route network during the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period. (iii) A statement that an automated enforcement system will be used to issue notices of violation for improper use of the games route network and the date that issuance of notices of violations will commence. (iv) The amount of the civil penalty to be assessed for improper use of the games route network. (B) Multiple warning letters may be issued to the registered owner of a vehicle during the warning period. (f) The program operator shall provide signage clearly identifying the presence of the automated enforcement on signs approved by the department. The signs shall be visible to traffic traveling on the highway from the direction of travel for which the automated enforcement system is used and shall be posted at locations as may be determined necessary by the department after consultation with the California Traffic Control Devices Committee. (g) The automated enforcement system cameras, to the extent feasible, shall be angled and focused so as to only capture images of the rear license plate and a decal, label, or other identifier as described in subdivision (b). Images shall not capture identifying images of the driver, passengers, pedestrians, or other vehicles and their drivers. Any identifying images captured beyond the rear license plate, the rear of the car below the back windshield, and the decal, label, or other identifier described in subdivision (b) shall be blurred and rendered unrecognizable. (h) The development and adoption of an automated enforcement program pursuant to this section is exempt from the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code). (i) (1) The photographic evidence stored by an automated enforcement system operated pursuant to this section shall not constitute an out-of-court hearsay statement by a declarant under Division 10 (commencing with Section 1200) of the Evidence Code. (2) Notwithstanding any provision of the California Public Records Act (Division 10 (commencing with Section 7920.000) of Title 1 of the Government Code), or any other law, any photographic image or administrative record made by an automated enforcement system operated pursuant to this section is confidential. The program operator shall use and allow access to these records only for the purposes authorized by this section. Data about the number of violations issued is not considered an administrative record prohibited from disclosure by this section and is subject to disclosure under applicable law. (3) Notwithstanding any provision of the California Public Records Act (Division 10 (commencing with Section 7920.000) of Title 1 of the Government Code), or any other law, information obtained from the Department of Motor Vehicles for the administration and enforcement of this section is confidential and shall not be used for any other purpose. A program operator and its contractors or agents shall establish procedures to protect the confidentiality of these records consistent with Section 1808.47. To the extent a high-occupancy toll lane is included in the games route network during the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period, this section shall control the use, storage, and disclosure of all data or personally identifiable information collected for administration and enforcement. Section 31490 of the Streets and Highways Code shall not apply to any data or personally identifiable information collected for administration or enforcement pursuant to this section. (4) Except for court records described in Section 68152 of the Government Code, or as provided in paragraph (5), photographic images, administrative records, and confidential information described in paragraphs (2) and (3) may be retained by the program operator for up to 30 days after final disposition of the notice of violation, after which time the information shall be destroyed. Notwithstanding any other law, the confidential records and evidence shall be destroyed in a manner that maintains the confidentiality of any person included in the record or evidence. (5) Photographic evidence that is obtained from an automated enforcement system that does not result in the issuance of a notice of violation shall be destroyed within five business days after the image was first taken. The use of facial recognition technology in conjunction with an automated enforcement system shall be prohibited. (6) Information collected and maintained by the program operator shall only be used to administer the automated enforcement program and shall not be disclosed to any other persons, including, but not limited to, any other federal, state, or local governmental agency or official for any other purpose, except as required by a court order, or in response to a search warrant in an individual case or proceeding. These records shall not be used in conjunction with biometric identifying technology, including, but not limited to, facial recognition technology that identifies specific individuals. (j) The registered owner or an individual identified by the registered owner as the driver of the vehicle at the time of the alleged violation shall be permitted to review and obtain a copy of the photograph of the alleged violation. (k) (1) The department may enter into an agreement with a local authority or a regional transportation agency to administer a program pursuant to this section and become the program operator. The agreement shall include a provision that all data collected from the automated enforcement system is confidential and shall prohibit the regional transportation agency from sharing, repurposing, or monetizing collected data, except as specifically authorized in this section. Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter or supersede the authority of a regional transportation agency over toll collection, toll enforcement, or ExpressLanes operations authorized pursuant to other laws or agreements. The agreement shall address which entity will maintain control and have the final decisionmaking authority over all enforcement activities, including the determination of when a notice of violation should be issued. (2) The development, implementation, and operation of all aspects of an automated enforcement system pursuant to this section, including, but not limited to, distribution of revenue, operating conditions, and enforcement, shall be subject to subdivision (r) and the agreement between the department or program operator and the regional transportation agency. (l) A program operator may enter into contracts with manufacturers or suppliers of automated enforcement systems to purchase or lease materials or equipment. However, any contract pursuant to this subdivision shall allow the program operator to purchase or lease equipment and materials based on services rendered at intervals agreed to by the program operator and contractor. The contract shall not allow for payment or compensation based on the number of notices of violation issued by the automated enforcement system or based on a percentage of revenue generated from the use of the system. The contract shall include a provision that all data collected from the automated enforcement system is confidential and shall prohibit the contractor from sharing, repurposing, or monetizing collected data. The program operator shall oversee, maintain control, and have the final decision over all enforcement activities, including the determination of when a notice of violation should be issued. (m) The program operator may contract with a vendor for the processing of notices of violation. The vendor shall be a separate legal and corporate entity from, and not related to, or affiliated in any manner with, the manufacturer or supplier of automated enforcement systems used by the program operator. Any contract between the program operator and a vendor to provide processing services may include a provision for the payment of compensation based on the number of notices of violation processed by the vendor. (n) Notwithstanding any other law, a violation of subdivision (a) that is recorded by an automated enforcement system shall be subject only to a civil penalty and shall not result in the Department of Motor Vehicles suspending or revoking driving privileges, preventing registration renewals, or assessing violation points against driving records. (o) (1) A civil penalty of two hundred ninety-three dollars ($293) shall be assessed for a violation of subdivision (a). (2) A civil penalty shall not be assessed against authorized emergency vehicles or public transit vehicles. (p) A notice of violation shall be in writing and issued to the registered owner of the vehicle within 15 calendar days of the date of the violation. The notice of violation shall include all of the following information: (1) The violation, including reference to the law that was violated. (2) A clear image of the license plate and rear of the vehicle. Notices of violation shall exclude images of the rear window area of the vehicle. (3) The date, approximate time, and location of the violation. (4) The vehicle license plate number and the name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle. (5) A statement that payment is required to be made no later than 30 calendar days from the date of mailing of the notice of violation. (6) The amount of the civil penalty and the procedures for payment. (7) A statement that the violation may be contested and the procedures for contesting the violation. (8) An affidavit of nonliability, an explanation of what constitutes nonliability and the effect of executing the affidavit, and instructions for returning the affidavit to the processor. If an affidavit of nonliability is returned to the processing agency within 30 calendar days of the mailing of the notice of violation, together with proof of a written lease or rental agreement between a bona fide rental company, as defined in Section 1939.01 of the Civil Code, or a personal vehicle sharing program, as defined in Section 11580.24 of the Insurance Code, and its customer that identifies the renter or lessee, the processing agency shall serve or mail a notice of violation to the renter or lessee identified in the affidavit of nonliability. If the affidavit of nonliability is returned to the processing agency within 30 calendar days of the mailing of the notice of violation, together with proof of a copy of a police report indicating the vehicle had been stolen at the time of the violation, the processing agency shall not subject the registered owner to a violation or penalty pursuant to this section. (9) A proof of service consistent with Section 1013a of the Code of Civil Procedure. (q) (1) A civil penalty imposed under this section is separate and independent from any enforcement action taken by a peace officer under this code. The issuance of a notice of violation under this section does not preclude a peace officer from issuing a citation for a violation arising from the same conduct. (2) To avoid duplicative monetary sanctions, a person shall not be required to pay more than one monetary penalty for the same underlying act. If a citation issued by a peace officer results in a final judgment, any civil penalty issued for the same act shall be dismissed and no civil penalty shall be collected. (r) (1) Moneys generated from automated enforcement violations pursuant to this section shall be deposited into the Games Route Network Account, which is hereby created in the State Transportation Fund. Moneys received in the account shall be continuously appropriated and made available for the following purposes: (A) To support the administration of the automated enforcement system for the games route network. (B) To be transferred to the State Highway Account or the Motor Vehicle Account to cover the department’s costs for the construction, maintenance, and deconstruction of the games route network or to cover the Department of the California Highway Patrol’s costs for enforcement efforts related to the games route network. (2) Any transfers from the Games Route Network Account to the State Highway Account or the Motor Vehicle Account shall be approved by the Department of Finance and are exempt from the requirements described in Section 183.1 of the Streets and Highways Code. (s) (1) No later than 30 calendar days from the date of mailing of a notice of violation, the recipient may request an initial review of the notice by the program operator. The request may be made by telephone, in writing, electronically, or in person. There shall be no charge for this review. If, following the initial review, the program operator is satisfied that the violation did not occur, or that extenuating circumstances make cancellation of the notice of violation appropriate in the interest of justice, the program operator shall cancel the notice of violation. The program operator shall mail the results of the initial review to the person contesting the notice within 60 days of receipt of the recipient’s request for an initial review, and, if cancellation of the notice does not occur following that review, include a reason for that denial, notification of the ability to request an administrative hearing, and notice of the procedures adopted by the program operator for the administrative hearing, including for waiving prepayment of the civil penalty based upon an inability to pay. (2) If the person contesting the notice of violation is dissatisfied with the results of the initial review conducted by the program operator, the person may, no later than 21 calendar days following the mailing of the results of the initial review, request an administrative hearing of the violation. The request may be made by telephone, in writing, electronically, or in person. (3) The person requesting an administrative hearing shall pay the amount of the civil penalty to the program operator. There shall be no additional charge for this hearing. The program operator shall adopt a written procedure to allow a person to request an administrative hearing without payment of the civil penalty upon satisfactory proof of an inability to pay the amount due. (4) The administrative hearing shall be held within 90 calendar days following the receipt of a request for an administrative hearing. The person requesting the hearing may request one continuance, not to exceed 21 calendar days. (t) The administrative hearing process shall include all of the following: (1) The person requesting a hearing shall have the choice of a hearing upon written declaration, video conference, or in person. An in-person hearing shall be conducted within the department district where the citation was issued. (2) If the person requesting a hearing is an unemancipated minor, that person shall be permitted to appear at a hearing or admit responsibility for the automated enforcement violation without the appointment of a guardian. The program operator may proceed against the minor in the same manner as against an adult. (3) The administrative hearing shall be conducted in accordance with written procedures established by the program operator. The hearing shall provide an independent, objective, fair, and impartial review of contested automated enforcement violations. (4) (A) The program operator shall appoint or contract with qualified independent examiners or administrative hearing providers that employ qualified independent examiners to conduct the administrative hearings. Examiners shall demonstrate the qualifications, training, and objectivity necessary to conduct a fair and impartial review, and shall meet the minimum requirements specified in subparagraph (B). The examiner shall not be involved with the initial issuance of the notice of violation or the processing functions of that violation. An examiner’s continued employment, performance evaluation, compensation, and benefits shall not, directly or indirectly, be linked to the amount of civil penalties upheld by the examiner or the number or percentage of violations upheld by the examiner. (B) (i) Examiners shall have a minimum of 20 hours of training. The examiner, unless an employee of the program operator, is responsible for the costs of the training. The program operator may reimburse the examiner for those costs. Training may be provided through any of the following: (I) An accredited college or university. (II) A program conducted by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training. (III) A program conducted by the American Arbitration Association or a similar organization. (IV) Any program approved by the program operator, including a program developed and provided by, or for, the program operator. (ii) Training programs shall include topics relevant to the administrative hearing, including, but not limited to, applicable laws and regulations, enforcement procedures, due process, evaluation of evidence, hearing procedures, and effective oral and written communication. Upon the approval of the program operator, up to 12 hours of relevant experience may be substituted for up to 12 hours of training. Up to eight hours of the training requirements described in this subparagraph may be credited to an individual, at the discretion of the program operator, based upon training programs or courses described in this subparagraph that the individual attended within the last five years. (5) The individual who issued a notice of violation shall not be required to participate in the administrative hearing. To establish a violation, the program operator shall not be required to produce any evidence other than, in proper form, the notice of violation or copy thereof, including the photograph of the vehicle’s license plate, and information received from the Department of Motor Vehicles identifying the registered owner of the vehicle. The documentation in proper form shall be prima facie evidence of the violation. If the program operator meets its initial burden, the recipient of the notice of violation may present any evidence and argument in defense. (6) The examiner’s final decision following the administrative hearing may be personally delivered to the person by the examiner or sent by first-class mail within 60 days of the date of the conclusion of the administrative hearing. (7) Following a determination by the examiner that a person has committed the violation, the examiner or the program operator shall offer to offenders who otherwise provide evidence satisfactory to the examiner or the program operator of an inability to pay the civil penalty in full in one installment, the option to pay applicable fines and penalties over a period of time under a payment plan with monthly installments not to exceed fifty dollars ($50). Any processing fee to participate in a payment plan shall not exceed five dollars ($5). (8) If a notice of violation is dismissed following an administrative hearing, any civil penalty, if paid, shall be refunded by the program operator within 30 days. (u) (1) Within 30 days after personal delivery or mailing of the final decision, the contestant may seek review by filing an appeal to the superior court, where the case shall be heard de novo, except that the contents of the program operator’s file in the case on appeal shall be lodged by the program operator at its expense and shall be received into evidence. A copy of the notice of violation shall be admitted into evidence as prima facie evidence of the facts stated in the notice. A copy of the notice of appeal shall be served in person or by certified first-class mail with return receipt upon the program operator by the appellant. For purposes of computing the 30-day period, Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall be applicable. A proceeding under this subdivision is a limited civil case. (2) The fee for filing the notice of appeal shall be as provided in Section 70615 of the Government Code. Upon receipt of the notice of appeal, the program operator shall lodge its administrative record for the case with the court within 15 calendar days. The court shall notify the appellant of the appearance date by mail or personal delivery. The court shall retain the fee under Section 70615 of the Government Code regardless of the outcome of the appeal. If the appellant prevails, this fee and any payment of the civil penalty shall be promptly refunded by the program operator in accordance with the judgment of the court. (3) The conduct of the hearing on appeal under this section is a subordinate judicial duty that may be performed by a commissioner or other subordinate judicial officer at the direction of the presiding judge of the court. (4) If a notice of appeal of the examiner’s decision is not filed within the period set forth in paragraph (1), the decision shall be deemed final. (5) If the civil penalty has not been paid and the final decision is adverse to the appellant, the program operator may, promptly after the decision becomes final, proceed to collect the civil penalty. (v) (1) The program operator shall allow offenders who qualify for a reduced penalty pursuant to paragraph (2) to pay fines and penalties under this section over a period of time under a payment plan with monthly installments of no more than twenty-five dollars ($25) and shall limit any processing fee to participate in the payment plan to five dollars ($5) or less. (2) The program operator shall reduce fines and penalties under this section by 80 percent for indigent persons and by 50 percent for individuals with incomes that do not exceed 250 percent of the official federal poverty line. (3) A person may demonstrate that they are indigent or have an income that does not exceed 250 percent of the official federal poverty line by providing either of the following information, as applicable: (A) Proof of income from a pay stub or another document showing proof of earnings, including, but not limited to, a bank statement that shows the person meets the income criteria set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 68632 of the Government Code, subject to review and approval by the program operator or its designee. The program operator or its designee shall not unreasonably withhold its approval. (B) Proof of receipt of benefits under the programs described in subdivision (a) of Section 68632 of the Government Code, including, but not limited to, an electronic benefits transfer card or another card, subject to review and approval by the program operator. The program operator or its designee shall not unreasonably withhold its approval. (w) Each program operator that is not the department shall report information to the department, as it requests, to conduct an evaluation of the program. (x) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2029, and as of that date is repealed.
: civil penalty
Verkehrsregeln · Teil 11 · Geldstrafe $293
Fremde Plakette für die Fahrgemeinschaftsspur
Fahrzeuge mit einer Plakette nach § 5205.5 — vergeben an besonders abgasarme Fahrzeuge — dürfen die Spuren und Auffahrten für Fahrgemeinschaften (HOV-Spuren) auch dann benutzen, wenn nur eine Person darin sitzt. Wer das tut, muss die Plakette sichtbar angebracht haben und die dazugehörige Zulassung mitführen. Verboten ist, ein Fahrzeug zu fahren oder zu halten, an dem eine solche Plakette angebracht ist, die gar nicht für dieses Fahrzeug ausgegeben wurde. Örtliche Behörden müssen die Vergünstigung in Spitzenzeiten aussetzen, wenn die Spur dadurch zu voll wird.
Strafebis zu 6 Monate oder bis $1.000
Cal. Veh. Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Veh. Code § 21655.9 — Fremde Plakette für die FahrgemeinschaftsspurWortlautzu
Fahrzeuge mit einer Plakette nach § 5205.5 — vergeben an besonders abgasarme Fahrzeuge — dürfen die Spuren und Auffahrten für Fahrgemeinschaften (HOV-Spuren) auch dann benutzen, wenn nur eine Person darin sitzt. Wer das tut, muss die Plakette sichtbar angebracht haben und die dazugehörige Zulassung mitführen. Verboten ist, ein Fahrzeug zu fahren oder zu halten, an dem eine solche Plakette angebracht ist, die gar nicht für dieses Fahrzeug ausgegeben wurde. Örtliche Behörden müssen die Vergünstigung in Spitzenzeiten aussetzen, wenn die Spur dadurch zu voll wird.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Vergehen. Der Paragraph nennt keinen eigenen Rahmen; es gilt der Auffangrahmen des § 42002 Vehicle Code: Geldstrafe bis 1.000 US-Dollar oder Haft bis zu sechs Monaten im County Jail, oder beides. Diese Zahlen stehen dort, nicht in diesem Paragraphen.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(c) A person shall not operate or own a vehicle displaying a decal, label, or other identifier, as described in Section 5205.5, if that decal, label, or identifier was not issued for that vehicle pursuant to Section 5205.5. A violation of this subdivision is a misdemeanor.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) (1) Whenever the Department of Transportation or a local authority authorizes or permits exclusive or preferential use of highway lanes or highway access ramps for high-occupancy vehicles pursuant to Section 21655.5, the use of those lanes or ramps shall also be extended to vehicles that are issued distinctive decals, labels, or other identifiers pursuant to Section 5205.5 regardless of vehicle occupancy or ownership. (2) A local authority during periods of peak congestion shall suspend for a lane the access privileges extended pursuant to paragraph (1) for those vehicles issued distinctive decals, labels, or other identifiers pursuant to Section 5205.5, if a periodic review of lane performance by that local authority discloses both of the following factors regarding the lane: (A) The lane, or a portion of the lane, exceeds a level of service C, as described in subdivision (b) of Section 65089 of the Government Code. (B) The operation or projected operation of vehicles in the lane, or a portion of the lane, will significantly increase congestion. (b) A person shall not drive a vehicle described in subdivision (a) of Section 5205.5 with a single occupant upon a high-occupancy vehicle lane pursuant to this section unless the decal, label, or other identifier issued pursuant to Section 5205.5 is properly displayed on the vehicle, and the vehicle registration described in Section 5205.5 is with the vehicle. (c) A person shall not operate or own a vehicle displaying a decal, label, or other identifier, as described in Section 5205.5, if that decal, label, or identifier was not issued for that vehicle pursuant to Section 5205.5. A violation of this subdivision is a misdemeanor. (d) If the provisions in Section 5205.5 authorizing the department to issue decals, labels, or other identifiers to hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles become inoperative, vehicles displaying those decals, labels, or other identifiers shall not access high-occupancy vehicle lanes without meeting the occupancy requirements otherwise applicable to those lanes. (e) (1) This section shall become inoperative on the date the federal authorization pursuant to Section 166 of Title 23 of the United States Code expires, or the date the Secretary of State receives the notice described in subdivision (i) of Section 5205.5, whichever occurs first. (2) With respect to a vehicle described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 5205.5, this section shall become inoperative on January 1, 2019. (f) (1) The Department of Transportation shall prepare and submit a report to the Legislature on or before December 1, 2017, on the degradation status of high-occupancy vehicle lanes on the state highway system. (2) The requirement that a report be submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be inoperative on December 1, 2021, pursuant to Section 10231.5 of the Government Code. (3) A report submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be submitted in compliance with Section 9795 of the Government Code. (g) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2027, and as of that date is repealed.
Kein eigenes Strafmaß im Text. Dann gilt Cal. Penal Code § 19: bis 6 Monate Haft oder bis $1.000 — diese Zahlen stehen dort, nicht hier.
Verkehrsregeln · Teil 11
Lenkzeiten überschritten (Bus und Lkw)
Verboten ist, ein Fahrzeug zur entgeltlichen Personenbeförderung länger als zehn Stunden am Stück zu fahren oder länger als zehn Stunden verteilt über 15 zusammenhängende Stunden; danach sind acht Stunden Pause fällig. Für Fahrzeuge, die Waren, Fracht oder Material befördern, gilt dieselbe Regel mit zwölf Stunden. In keinem Fall darf man in 24 Stunden länger fahren, ohne dass acht zusammenhängende Stunden Ruhezeit dazwischenliegen. Fahrzeit ausserhalb Kaliforniens zählt mit, sobald das Fahrzeug einreist. Bei Unglücksfällen, unvermeidbaren Unfällen und höherer Gewalt gilt die Vorschrift nicht, ebenso nicht für Fahrzeuge nach § 34500.
Strafe$100 – $1.000 — kein Gefängnis im Text
Cal. Veh. Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Veh. Code § 21702 — Lenkzeiten überschritten (Bus und Lkw)Wortlautzu
Verboten ist, ein Fahrzeug zur entgeltlichen Personenbeförderung länger als zehn Stunden am Stück zu fahren oder länger als zehn Stunden verteilt über 15 zusammenhängende Stunden; danach sind acht Stunden Pause fällig. Für Fahrzeuge, die Waren, Fracht oder Material befördern, gilt dieselbe Regel mit zwölf Stunden. In keinem Fall darf man in 24 Stunden länger fahren, ohne dass acht zusammenhängende Stunden Ruhezeit dazwischenliegen. Fahrzeit ausserhalb Kaliforniens zählt mit, sobald das Fahrzeug einreist. Bei Unglücksfällen, unvermeidbaren Unfällen und höherer Gewalt gilt die Vorschrift nicht, ebenso nicht für Fahrzeuge nach § 34500.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Vergehen mit Geldstrafe von 100 bis 1.000 US-Dollar für jeden einzelnen Verstoss.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(e) Any person who violates any provision of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and is punishable by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars ($100) nor more than one thousand dollars ($1,000) for each offense.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) No person shall drive upon any highway any vehicle designed or used for transporting persons for compensation for more than 10 consecutive hours nor for more than 10 hours spread over a total of 15 consecutive hours. Thereafter, such person shall not drive any such vehicle until eight consecutive hours have elapsed. Regardless of aggregate driving time, no driver shall drive for more than 10 hours in any 24-hour period unless eight consecutive hours off duty have elapsed. (b) No person shall drive upon any highway any vehicle designed or used for transporting merchandise, freight, materials or other property for more than 12 consecutive hours nor for more than 12 hours spread over a total of 15 consecutive hours. Thereafter, such person shall not drive any such vehicle until eight consecutive hours have elapsed. Regardless of aggregate driving time, no driver shall drive for more than 12 hours in any 24-hour period unless eight consecutive hours off duty have elapsed. (c) This section does not apply in any case of casualty or unavoidable accident or an act of God. (d) In computing the number of hours under this section, any time spent by a person in driving such a vehicle outside this state shall, upon the vehicle entering this state, be included. (e) Any person who violates any provision of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and is punishable by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars ($100) nor more than one thousand dollars ($1,000) for each offense. (f) This section shall not apply to the driver of a vehicle which is subject to the provisions of Section 34500.
Verkehrsregeln · Teil 11 · Geldstrafe $100 – $1.000
Schlagringe aus Verbundwerkstoff oder Hartholz
Strafbar macht sich, wer Schlagringe aus Verbundwerkstoff oder Hartholz besitzt, gewerblich herstellt oder herstellen lässt, wissentlich zum gewerblichen Verkauf nach Kalifornien einführt, zum gewerblichen Verkauf vorrätig hält, anbietet oder ausstellt.
Strafebis zu 6 Monate oder bis $1.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 21710 — Schlagringe aus Verbundwerkstoff oder HartholzWortlautzu
Strafbar macht sich, wer Schlagringe aus Verbundwerkstoff oder Hartholz besitzt, gewerblich herstellt oder herstellen lässt, wissentlich zum gewerblichen Verkauf nach Kalifornien einführt, zum gewerblichen Verkauf vorrätig hält, anbietet oder ausstellt.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Vergehen.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
guilty of a misdemeanor
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Any person in this state who possesses, commercially manufactures or causes to be commercially manufactured, or who knowingly imports into the state for commercial sale, keeps for commercial sale, or offers or exposes for commercial sale, any composite knuckles or hard wooden knuckles is guilty of a misdemeanor.
Kein eigenes Strafmaß im Text. Dann gilt Cal. Penal Code § 19: bis 6 Monate Haft oder bis $1.000 — diese Zahlen stehen dort, nicht hier.
Waffen und Geräte ausser Schusswaffen · Teil 6
Stufe steht nicht im Gesetz
Im Kofferraum oder auf dem Auto mitgefahren
Verboten ist, an einer Stelle eines Fahrzeugs mitzufahren, die nicht für Fahrgäste gedacht ist, und ebenso, das wissentlich zuzulassen. Eigens verboten ist das Mitfahren im Kofferraum — sowohl für den Mitfahrer als auch für den Fahrer, der es zulässt. Verboten ist ausserdem, einen Wohnanhänger, Campinganhänger oder Bootsanhänger mit einer Person darin zu ziehen, und jemanden hinter dem Auto herzuziehen, der auf einem Motorrad, Fahrrad, Rollschuhen, einem Schlitten, Skiern oder einem Spielfahrzeug sitzt. Ausnahmen gelten für Arbeiter im Dienst, für das Mitfahren im Laderaum und für bestimmte Sattelanhänger mit Sicherheitsverglasung, Rufeinrichtung und einem von innen und aussen zu öffnenden Ausgang.
Strafe$100 – $250 — kein Gefängnis im Text
Cal. Veh. Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Veh. Code § 21712 — Im Kofferraum oder auf dem Auto mitgefahrenWortlautzu
Verboten ist, an einer Stelle eines Fahrzeugs mitzufahren, die nicht für Fahrgäste gedacht ist, und ebenso, das wissentlich zuzulassen. Eigens verboten ist das Mitfahren im Kofferraum — sowohl für den Mitfahrer als auch für den Fahrer, der es zulässt. Verboten ist ausserdem, einen Wohnanhänger, Campinganhänger oder Bootsanhänger mit einer Person darin zu ziehen, und jemanden hinter dem Auto herzuziehen, der auf einem Motorrad, Fahrrad, Rollschuhen, einem Schlitten, Skiern oder einem Spielfahrzeug sitzt. Ausnahmen gelten für Arbeiter im Dienst, für das Mitfahren im Laderaum und für bestimmte Sattelanhänger mit Sicherheitsverglasung, Rufeinrichtung und einem von innen und aussen zu öffnenden Ausgang.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Für das Mitfahren im Kofferraum und das Zulassen davon: Geldstrafe von 100 US-Dollar, beim zweiten Mal innerhalb eines Jahres 200 US-Dollar, ab dem dritten Mal innerhalb eines Jahres 250 US-Dollar. Für die übrigen Absätze nennt der Paragraph keinen eigenen Rahmen; dort gilt der Auffangrahmen des § 42001 Vehicle Code: bis 100 US-Dollar bei der ersten Tat, bei Wiederholung innerhalb eines Jahres gestaffelt höher.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(e) A person violating subdivision (c) or (d) shall be punished as follows:
(1) By a fine of one hundred dollars ($100).
(2) For a second violation occurring within one year of a prior violation that resulted in a conviction, a fine of two hundred dollars ($200).
(3) For a third or a subsequent violation occurring within one year of two or more prior violations that resulted in convictions, a fine of two hundred fifty dollars ($250).
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) A person driving a motor vehicle shall not knowingly permit a person to ride on a vehicle or upon a portion of a vehicle that is not designed or intended for the use of passengers. (b) A person shall not ride on a vehicle or upon a portion of a vehicle that is not designed or intended for the use of passengers. (c) A person driving a motor vehicle shall not knowingly permit a person to ride in the trunk of that motor vehicle. (d) A person shall not ride in the trunk of a motor vehicle. (e) A person violating subdivision (c) or (d) shall be punished as follows: (1) By a fine of one hundred dollars ($100). (2) For a second violation occurring within one year of a prior violation that resulted in a conviction, a fine of two hundred dollars ($200). (3) For a third or a subsequent violation occurring within one year of two or more prior violations that resulted in convictions, a fine of two hundred fifty dollars ($250). (f) Subdivisions (a) and (b) do not apply to an employee engaged in the necessary discharge of his or her duty or in the case of persons riding completely within or upon vehicle bodies in the space intended for a load on the vehicle. (g) A person shall not drive a motor vehicle that is towing a trailer coach, camp trailer, or trailer carrying a vessel, containing a passenger, except when a trailer carrying or designed to carry a vessel is engaged in the launching or recovery of the vessel. (h) A person shall not knowingly drive a motor vehicle that is towing a person riding upon a motorcycle, motorized bicycle, bicycle, coaster, roller skates, sled, skis, or toy vehicle. (i) Subdivision (g) does not apply to a trailer coach that is towed with a fifth-wheel device if the trailer coach is equipped with safety glazing materials wherever glazing materials are used in windows or doors, with an audible or visual signaling device that a passenger inside the trailer coach can use to gain the attention of the motor vehicle driver, and with at least one unobstructed exit capable of being opened from both the interior and exterior of the trailer coach.
Verkehrsregeln · Teil 11 · Geldstrafe $100 – $250
Geldtransporter ohne Zulassung gefahren
Verboten ist, einen privaten gepanzerten Transportwagen auf einer Straße zu fahren, ohne dafür vorher eine Erlaubnis des Kommissars der Highway Patrol eingeholt zu haben.
Strafebis zu 6 Monate Gefängnis· dazu bis $1.000
Cal. Veh. Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Veh. Code § 21713 — Geldtransporter ohne Zulassung gefahrenWortlautzu
Verboten ist, einen privaten gepanzerten Transportwagen auf einer Straße zu fahren, ohne dafür vorher eine Erlaubnis des Kommissars der Highway Patrol eingeholt zu haben.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Vergehen mit Geldstrafe bis 1.000 US-Dollar oder Haft bis zu sechs Monaten im County Jail, oder beides.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Violation of this section is a misdemeanor and upon conviction is punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000) or by imprisonment in the county jail for not to exceed six months or by both such fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
No person shall operate on any highway any privately owned armored car unless a license to operate such car has first been obtained from the commissioner in accordance with Chapter 2.5 (commencing with Section 2500) of Division 2. Violation of this section is a misdemeanor and upon conviction is punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000) or by imprisonment in the county jail for not to exceed six months or by both such fine and imprisonment.
Verkehrsregeln · Teil 11 · Geldstrafe bis $1.000
Radfahrer zu eng überholt (Drei-Fuß-Regel)
Diese Vorschrift heißt Three Feet for Safety Act. Wer mit dem Kraftfahrzeug ein Fahrrad überholt, das in dieselbe Richtung fährt, muss sicheren Abstand halten und darf drei Fuß — rund 90 Zentimeter — zwischen Fahrzeug und Rad oder Radfahrer nicht unterschreiten. Ist eine weitere Spur in derselben Richtung frei, muss er vor dem Überholen dorthin wechseln, soweit das sicher und erlaubt ist. Geht das wegen Verkehr oder Straßenzustand nicht, muss er auf ein angemessenes Tempo verlangsamen und darf nur überholen, wenn er den Radfahrer dabei nicht gefährdet.
Strafe$35 – $220 — kein Gefängnis im Text
Cal. Veh. Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Veh. Code § 21760 — Radfahrer zu eng überholt (Drei-Fuß-Regel)Wortlautzu
Diese Vorschrift heißt Three Feet for Safety Act. Wer mit dem Kraftfahrzeug ein Fahrrad überholt, das in dieselbe Richtung fährt, muss sicheren Abstand halten und darf drei Fuß — rund 90 Zentimeter — zwischen Fahrzeug und Rad oder Radfahrer nicht unterschreiten. Ist eine weitere Spur in derselben Richtung frei, muss er vor dem Überholen dorthin wechseln, soweit das sicher und erlaubt ist. Geht das wegen Verkehr oder Straßenzustand nicht, muss er auf ein angemessenes Tempo verlangsamen und darf nur überholen, wenn er den Radfahrer dabei nicht gefährdet.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Ordnungswidrigkeit (infraction) mit Geldstrafe von 35 US-Dollar. Kommt es dabei zu einem Zusammenstoß, bei dem der Radfahrer körperlich verletzt wird, beträgt die Geldstrafe 220 US-Dollar.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(e) (1) A violation of subdivision (b), (c), or (d) is an infraction punishable by a fine of thirty-five dollars ($35).
(2) If a collision occurs between a motor vehicle and a bicycle causing bodily injury to the operator of the bicycle, and the driver of the motor vehicle is found to be in violation of subdivision (b), (c), or (d), a two-hundred-twenty-dollar ($220) fine shall be imposed on that driver.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) This section shall be known and may be cited as the Three Feet for Safety Act. (b) The driver of a motor vehicle overtaking and passing a bicycle that is proceeding in the same direction on a highway shall pass in compliance with the requirements of this article applicable to overtaking and passing a vehicle, and shall do so at a safe distance that does not interfere with the safe operation of the overtaken bicycle, having due regard for the size and speed of the motor vehicle and the bicycle, traffic conditions, weather, visibility, and the surface and width of the highway. (c) A driver of a motor vehicle shall not overtake or pass a bicycle proceeding in the same direction on a highway at a distance of less than three feet between any part of the motor vehicle and any part of the bicycle or its operator. The driver of a motor vehicle overtaking or passing a bicycle that is proceeding in the same direction and in the same lane of travel shall, if another lane of traffic proceeding in the same direction is available, make a lane change into another available lane with due regard for safety and traffic conditions, if practicable and not prohibited by law, before overtaking or passing the bicycle. (d) If the driver of a motor vehicle is unable to comply with subdivision (c), due to traffic or roadway conditions, the driver shall slow to a speed that is reasonable and prudent, and may pass only when doing so would not endanger the safety of the operator of the bicycle, taking into account the size and speed of the motor vehicle and bicycle, traffic conditions, weather, visibility, and surface and width of the highway. (e) (1) A violation of subdivision (b), (c), or (d) is an infraction punishable by a fine of thirty-five dollars ($35). (2) If a collision occurs between a motor vehicle and a bicycle causing bodily injury to the operator of the bicycle, and the driver of the motor vehicle is found to be in violation of subdivision (b), (c), or (d), a two-hundred-twenty-dollar ($220) fine shall be imposed on that driver.
Verkehrsregeln · Teil 11 · Geldstrafe $35 – $220
Nicht ausgewichen an einer Einsatz- oder Pannenstelle (Move-over-Regel)
Wer sich auf einer Straße einem stehenden Fahrzeug mit Warnzeichen nähert — einem Einsatzfahrzeug mit Blaulicht, einem Abschleppwagen oder Straßendienstfahrzeug mit gelbem Blinklicht oder irgendeinem Fahrzeug mit Warnblinker, Pylonen, Fackeln oder reflektierenden Warnzeichen —, muss vorsichtig heranfahren. Vor dem Vorbeifahren muss er entweder auf eine Spur wechseln, die nicht unmittelbar daneben liegt, sofern das gefahrlos, machbar und erlaubt ist, oder, wenn das unsicher oder nicht machbar wäre, auf eine dem Wetter und Verkehr angemessene Geschwindigkeit abbremsen. Die Pflicht entfällt, wenn das stehende Fahrzeug nicht an der Fahrbahn steht oder durch eine Schutzbarriere von ihr getrennt ist.
Strafebis $50 — kein Gefängnis im Text
Cal. Veh. Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Veh. Code § 21809 — Nicht ausgewichen an einer Einsatz- oder Pannenstelle (Move-over-Regel)Wortlautzu
Wer sich auf einer Straße einem stehenden Fahrzeug mit Warnzeichen nähert — einem Einsatzfahrzeug mit Blaulicht, einem Abschleppwagen oder Straßendienstfahrzeug mit gelbem Blinklicht oder irgendeinem Fahrzeug mit Warnblinker, Pylonen, Fackeln oder reflektierenden Warnzeichen —, muss vorsichtig heranfahren. Vor dem Vorbeifahren muss er entweder auf eine Spur wechseln, die nicht unmittelbar daneben liegt, sofern das gefahrlos, machbar und erlaubt ist, oder, wenn das unsicher oder nicht machbar wäre, auf eine dem Wetter und Verkehr angemessene Geschwindigkeit abbremsen. Die Pflicht entfällt, wenn das stehende Fahrzeug nicht an der Fahrbahn steht oder durch eine Schutzbarriere von ihr getrennt ist.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Ordnungswidrigkeit mit Geldstrafe bis zu 50 US-Dollar.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(b) A violation of subdivision (a) is an infraction, punishable by a fine of not more than fifty dollars ($50).
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) A person driving a vehicle on a highway approaching a stationary authorized emergency vehicle that is displaying emergency lights, a stationary tow truck that is displaying flashing amber warning lights, a stationary marked highway maintenance vehicle that is displaying flashing amber warning lights, or any other stationary vehicle displaying flashing hazard lights or another warning device, including, but not limited to, cones, flares, or retroreflective devices, shall approach with due caution and, before passing in a lane immediately adjacent to the authorized emergency vehicle, tow truck, highway maintenance vehicle, or any other vehicle, absent other direction by a peace officer, proceed to do one of the following: (1) Make a lane change into an available lane not immediately adjacent to the authorized emergency vehicle that is displaying emergency lights, a stationary tow truck that is displaying flashing amber warning lights, a stationary marked highway maintenance vehicle that is displaying flashing amber warning lights, or any other stationary vehicle displaying flashing hazard lights or another warning device, including, but not limited to, cones, flares, or retroreflective devices, with due regard for safety and traffic conditions, if practicable and not prohibited by law. (2) If the maneuver described in paragraph (1) would be unsafe or impracticable, slow to a reasonable and prudent speed that is safe for existing weather, road, and vehicular or pedestrian traffic conditions. (b) A violation of subdivision (a) is an infraction, punishable by a fine of not more than fifty dollars ($50). (c) The requirements of subdivision (a) do not apply if the stationary authorized emergency vehicle that is displaying emergency lights, the stationary tow truck that is displaying flashing amber warning lights, the stationary marked highway maintenance vehicle that is displaying flashing amber warning lights, or any other stationary vehicle displaying flashing hazard lights or another warning device, including, but not limited to, cones, flares, or retroreflective devices, is not adjacent to the highway or is separated from the highway by a protective physical barrier. (d) For the purposes of this section, “highway maintenance vehicle” means a vehicle used for the maintenance of highways and roadways in this state and is either of the following: (1) Owned or operated by the Department of Transportation, a county, or a municipality or other political subdivision of this state. (2) Owned or operated by a contractor under contract with the Department of Transportation, a county, a municipality, or other political subdivision of this state to maintain highways, roadways, or both.
: vehicle removal
Verkehrsregeln · Teil 11 · Geldstrafe bis $50
Schlagring aus Metall
Strafbar ist, wer einen Schlagring aus Metall herstellt oder herstellen lässt, nach Kalifornien einführt, zum Verkauf vorrätig hält, zum Verkauf anbietet oder ausstellt, verschenkt, verleiht oder besitzt. Ausnahmen enthält das Kapitel ab § 17700.
Strafenormalerweise 2 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
16 Monate·2 Jahre·3 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „16 Monate · 2 Jahre · 3 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „16 months, or two or three years“
Cal. Penal Code § 21810 — Schlagring aus MetallWortlautzu
Strafbar ist, wer einen Schlagring aus Metall herstellt oder herstellen lässt, nach Kalifornien einführt, zum Verkauf vorrätig hält, zum Verkauf anbietet oder ausstellt, verschenkt, verleiht oder besitzt. Ausnahmen enthält das Kapitel ab § 17700.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170(h).
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Except as provided in Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 17700) of Division 2 of Title 2, any person in this state who manufactures or causes to be manufactured, imports into the state, keeps for sale, or offers or exposes for sale, or who gives, lends, or possesses any metal knuckles is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Except as provided in Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 17700) of Division 2 of Title 2, any person in this state who manufactures or causes to be manufactured, imports into the state, keeps for sale, or offers or exposes for sale, or who gives, lends, or possesses any metal knuckles is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.
Waffen und Geräte ausser Schusswaffen · Teil 6
2Dein Fall
noch leer
Noch nichts ausgewählt. Suchen Sie oben nach der Tat und tippen Sie „Hinzufügen“ — jede Tat einzeln, so oft, wie sie vorkam.
3Diese Paragraphen gelten
Sobald die erste Tat oben im Fall liegt, stehen hier die Paragraphen, die dafür gelten — jeder mit Fundstelle zum Kopieren.
Orientierung, keine verbindliche Auskunft — das letzte Wort hat das Gericht. Katalog: leginfo.legislature.ca.gov — California Penal Code, Stand 2026-08-30, 1419 Paragraphen. Verbindlich ist der englische Wortlaut; die deutsche Fassung ist eine Arbeitsübersetzung und steht an jedem Paragraphen zum Aufklappen daneben — für 5 Paragraphen liegt sie noch nicht vor.