Department of Justice
Welche Paragraphen gelten?
Sagen Sie, was passiert ist — und Sie bekommen die Paragraphen des kalifornischen Gesetzes, die dafür gelten. Jeden mit Fundstelle zum Kopieren.
1Was ist passiert?
Schreiben Sie in eigenen Worten, was passiert ist. Ganze Sätze sind richtig; steckt mehr als eine Tat darin, werden sie getrennt. Ein Stichwort geht genauso — „Raub“, „Einbruch“, „211“.
22 Taten gefunden · Seite 1 von 2
Mord
Mord ist die rechtswidrige Tötung eines Menschen oder eines Fötus mit Vorsatz und böswilliger Gesinnung. Für die Tötung eines Fötus gilt die Vorschrift nicht, wenn ein rechtmässiger Schwangerschaftsabbruch vorliegt, wenn ein Arzt eingreift, um das Leben der schwangeren Person zu retten, oder wenn die schwangere Person selbst handelt oder eingewilligt hat.
Strafebis zur Todesstrafe
Cal. Penal Code §§ , Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 187 — MordWortlautzu
Mord ist die rechtswidrige Tötung eines Menschen oder eines Fötus mit Vorsatz und böswilliger Gesinnung. Für die Tötung eines Fötus gilt die Vorschrift nicht, wenn ein rechtmässiger Schwangerschaftsabbruch vorliegt, wenn ein Arzt eingreift, um das Leben der schwangeren Person zu retten, oder wenn die schwangere Person selbst handelt oder eingewilligt hat.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Die Strafe steht in § .
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Murder is the unlawful killing of a human being, or a fetus, with malice aforethought. (b) This section shall not apply to any person who commits an act that results in the death of a fetus if any of the following apply: (1) The act complied with the former Therapeutic Abortion Act (Article 2 (commencing with Section 123400) of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of Division 106 of the Health and Safety Code) or the Reproductive Privacy Act (Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 123460) of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of Division 106 of the Health and Safety Code). (2) The act was committed by a holder of a physician’s and surgeon’s certificate, as defined in the Business and Professions Code, in a case where, to a medical certainty, the result of childbirth would be death of the person pregnant with the fetus or where the pregnant person’s death from childbirth, although not medically certain, would be substantially certain or more likely than not. (3) It was an act or omission by the person pregnant with the fetus or was solicited, aided, abetted, or consented to by the person pregnant with the fetus. (c) Subdivision (b) shall not be construed to prohibit the prosecution of any person under any other provision of law.
- Strafe steht nicht hier, sondern in §
Straftaten gegen die Person · Teil 1
Cal. Penal Code § 190 — Strafe für MordWortlautzu
Der Paragraf legt fest, wie Mord bestraft wird. Bei Mord ersten Grades kommen Todesstrafe, lebenslang ohne Bewährung oder 25 Jahre bis lebenslang in Betracht; welche Strafe verhängt wird, richtet sich nach den Vorschriften über besondere Umstände. Mord zweiten Grades wird mit 15 Jahren bis lebenslang bestraft, bei Polizeibeamten als Opfer und bei Schüssen aus einem Fahrzeug jedoch strenger.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Mord ersten Grades: Tod, lebenslang ohne Möglichkeit der Bewährung oder 25 Jahre bis lebenslang. Mord zweiten Grades: 15 Jahre bis lebenslang; 25 Jahre bis lebenslang oder lebenslang ohne Bewährung, wenn das Opfer ein Polizeibeamter im Dienst war; 20 Jahre bis lebenslang, wenn aus einem Fahrzeug heraus vorsätzlich auf eine Person ausserhalb geschossen wurde.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) Every person guilty of murder in the first degree shall be punished by death, imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole, or imprisonment in the state prison for a term of 25 years to life. The penalty to be applied shall be determined as provided in Sections 190.1, 190.2, 190.3, 190.4, and 190.5.
Except as provided in subdivision (b), (c), or (d), every person guilty of murder in the second degree shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a term of 15 years to life.
(b) Except as provided in subdivision (c), every person guilty of murder in the second degree shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a term of 25 years to life if the victim was a peace officer, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 830.1, subdivision (a), (b), or (c) of Section 830.2, subdivision (a) of Section 830.33, or Section 830.5, who was killed while engaged in the performance of his or her duties, and the defendant knew, or reasonably should have known, that the victim was a peace officer engaged in the performance of his or her duties.
(c) Every person guilty of murder in the second degree shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole if the victim was a peace officer, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 830.1, subdivision (a), (b), or (c) of Section 830.2, subdivision (a) of Section 830.33, or Section 830.5, who was killed while engaged in the performance of his or her duties, and the defendant knew, or reasonably should have known, that the victim was a peace officer engaged in the performance of his or her duties, and any of the following facts has been charged and found true:
(d) Every person guilty of murder in the second degree shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a term of 20 years to life if the killing was perpetrated by means of shooting a firearm from a motor vehicle, intentionally at another person outside of the vehicle with the intent to inflict great bodily injury.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Every person guilty of murder in the first degree shall be punished by death, imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole, or imprisonment in the state prison for a term of 25 years to life. The penalty to be applied shall be determined as provided in Sections 190.1, 190.2, 190.3, 190.4, and 190.5. Except as provided in subdivision (b), (c), or (d), every person guilty of murder in the second degree shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a term of 15 years to life. (b) Except as provided in subdivision (c), every person guilty of murder in the second degree shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a term of 25 years to life if the victim was a peace officer, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 830.1, subdivision (a), (b), or (c) of Section 830.2, subdivision (a) of Section 830.33, or Section 830.5, who was killed while engaged in the performance of his or her duties, and the defendant knew, or reasonably should have known, that the victim was a peace officer engaged in the performance of his or her duties. (c) Every person guilty of murder in the second degree shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole if the victim was a peace officer, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 830.1, subdivision (a), (b), or (c) of Section 830.2, subdivision (a) of Section 830.33, or Section 830.5, who was killed while engaged in the performance of his or her duties, and the defendant knew, or reasonably should have known, that the victim was a peace officer engaged in the performance of his or her duties, and any of the following facts has been charged and found true: (1) The defendant specifically intended to kill the peace officer. (2) The defendant specifically intended to inflict great bodily injury, as defined in Section 12022.7, on a peace officer. (3) The defendant personally used a dangerous or deadly weapon in the commission of the offense, in violation of subdivision (b) of Section 12022. (4) The defendant personally used a firearm in the commission of the offense, in violation of Section 12022.5. (d) Every person guilty of murder in the second degree shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a term of 20 years to life if the killing was perpetrated by means of shooting a firearm from a motor vehicle, intentionally at another person outside of the vehicle with the intent to inflict great bodily injury. (e) Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 2930) of Chapter 7 of Title 1 of Part 3 shall not apply to reduce any minimum term of a sentence imposed pursuant to this section. A person sentenced pursuant to this section shall not be released on parole prior to serving the minimum term of confinement prescribed by this section.
Straftaten gegen die Person · Teil 1
Weitere Treffer · 11 von 21
Mord als Hassverbrechen
Wer einen Mord ersten Grades als Hassverbrechen begeht, wird zwingend mit lebenslanger Haft ohne Bewährung bestraft. Der Vorwurf muss in der Anklage erhoben und vom Angeklagten eingeräumt oder vom Gericht festgestellt werden. Hassverbrechen ist im Sinne von PC 422.55 zu verstehen.
Strafelebenslanges Gefängnis möglich
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 190.03 — Mord als HassverbrechenWortlautzu
Wer einen Mord ersten Grades als Hassverbrechen begeht, wird zwingend mit lebenslanger Haft ohne Bewährung bestraft. Der Vorwurf muss in der Anklage erhoben und vom Angeklagten eingeräumt oder vom Gericht festgestellt werden. Hassverbrechen ist im Sinne von PC 422.55 zu verstehen.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Lebenslang ohne Möglichkeit der Bewährung.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) A person who commits first-degree murder that is a hate crime shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) A person who commits first-degree murder that is a hate crime shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole. (b) The term authorized by subdivision (a) shall not apply unless the allegation is charged in the accusatory pleading and admitted by the defendant or found true by the trier of fact. The court shall not strike the allegation, except in the interest of justice, in which case the court shall state its reasons in writing for striking the allegation. (c) For the purpose of this section, “hate crime” has the same meaning as in Section 422.55. (d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent punishment instead pursuant to any other provision of law that imposes a greater or more severe punishment.
Straftaten gegen die Person · Teil 1
Mord zweiten Grades nach früherer Mordstrafe
Wer wegen Mordes zweiten Grades verurteilt wird und bereits eine Haftstrafe wegen Mordes ersten oder zweiten Grades verbüsst hat, erhält eine verschärfte Strafe. Der Paragraf regelt zudem das Verfahren, in dem über diese Strafe entschieden wird, und was gilt, wenn die Geschworenen sich nicht einigen können.
Strafekeine Zahl im Gesetz — nur der Wortlaut, unter „Mehr dazu“
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 190.05 — Mord zweiten Grades nach früherer MordstrafeWortlautzu
Wer wegen Mordes zweiten Grades verurteilt wird und bereits eine Haftstrafe wegen Mordes ersten oder zweiten Grades verbüsst hat, erhält eine verschärfte Strafe. Der Paragraf regelt zudem das Verfahren, in dem über diese Strafe entschieden wird, und was gilt, wenn die Geschworenen sich nicht einigen können.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Lebenslang ohne Möglichkeit der Bewährung oder 15 Jahre bis lebenslang. Überwiegen die mildernden Umstände, ist auf 15 Jahre bis lebenslang zu erkennen. Kann sich eine neue Jury nicht einigen, kann das Gericht 15 Jahre bis lebenslang verhängen.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) The penalty for a defendant found guilty of murder in the second degree, who has served a prior prison term for murder in the first or second degree, shall be confinement in the state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole or confinement in the state prison for a term of 15 years to life. For purposes of this section, a prior prison term for murder of the first or second degree is that time period in which a defendant has spent actually incarcerated for his or her offense prior to release on parole.
If the trier of fact is a jury and has been unable to reach a unanimous verdict as to what the penalty shall be, the court shall dismiss the jury and shall order a new jury impaneled to try the issue as to what the penalty shall be. If the new jury is unable to reach a unanimous verdict as to what the penalty shall be, the court in its discretion shall either order a new jury or impose a punishment of confinement in the state prison for a term of 15 years to life.
After having heard and received all of the evidence, and after having heard and considered the arguments of counsel, the trier of fact shall consider, take into account, and be guided by the aggravating and mitigating circumstances referred to in this section, and shall impose a sentence of life without the possibility of parole if the trier of fact concludes that the aggravating circumstances outweigh the mitigating circumstances. If the trier of fact determines that the mitigating circumstances outweigh the aggravating circumstances, the trier of fact shall impose a sentence of confinement in the state prison for 15 years to life.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) The penalty for a defendant found guilty of murder in the second degree, who has served a prior prison term for murder in the first or second degree, shall be confinement in the state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole or confinement in the state prison for a term of 15 years to life. For purposes of this section, a prior prison term for murder of the first or second degree is that time period in which a defendant has spent actually incarcerated for his or her offense prior to release on parole. (b) A prior prison term for murder for purposes of this section includes either of the following: (1) A prison term served in any state prison or federal penal institution, including confinement in a hospital or other institution or facility credited as service of prison time in the jurisdiction of confinement, as punishment for the commission of an offense which includes all of the elements of murder in the first or second degree as defined under California law. (2) Incarceration at a facility operated by the Youth Authority for murder of the first or second degree when the person was subject to the custody, control, and discipline of the Director of Corrections. (c) The fact of a prior prison term for murder in the first or second degree shall be alleged in the accusatory pleading, and either admitted by the defendant in open court, or found to be true by the jury trying the issue of guilt or by the court where guilt is established by a plea of guilty or nolo contendere or by trial by the court sitting without a jury. (d) In case of a reasonable doubt as to whether the defendant served a prior prison term for murder in the first or second degree, the defendant is entitled to a finding that the allegation is not true. (e) If the trier of fact finds that the defendant has served a prior prison term for murder in the first or second degree, there shall be a separate penalty hearing before the same trier of fact, except as provided in subdivision (f). (f) If the defendant was convicted by the court sitting without a jury, the trier of fact at the penalty hearing shall be a jury unless a jury is waived by the defendant and the people, in which case the trier of fact shall be the court. If the defendant was convicted by a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, the trier of fact shall be a jury unless a jury is waived by the defendant and the people. If the trier of fact is a jury and has been unable to reach a unanimous verdict as to what the penalty shall be, the court shall dismiss the jury and shall order a new jury impaneled to try the issue as to what the penalty shall be. If the new jury is unable to reach a unanimous verdict as to what the penalty shall be, the court in its discretion shall either order a new jury or impose a punishment of confinement in the state prison for a term of 15 years to life. (g) Evidence presented at any prior phase of the trial, including any proceeding under a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity pursuant to Section 1026, shall be considered at any subsequent phase of the trial, if the trier of fact of the prior phase is the same trier of fact at the subsequent phase. (h) In the proceeding on the question of penalty, evidence may be presented by both the people and the defendant as to any matter relevant to aggravation, mitigation, and sentence, including, but not limited to, the nature and circumstances of the present offense, any prior felony conviction or convictions whether or not such conviction or convictions involved a crime of violence, the presence or absence of other criminal activity by the defendant which involved the use or attempted use of force or violence or which involved the express or implied threat to use force or violence, and the defendant’s character, background, history, mental condition, and physical condition. However, no evidence shall be admitted regarding other criminal activity by the defendant which did not involve the use or attempted use of force or violence or which did not involve the express or implied threat to use force or violence. As used in this section, criminal activity does not require a conviction. However, in no event shall evidence of prior criminal activity be admitted for an offense for which the defendant was prosecuted and acquitted. The restriction on the use of this evidence is intended to apply only to proceedings pursuant to this section and is not intended to affect statutory or decisional law allowing such evidence to be used in any other proceedings. Except for evidence in proof of the offense or the prior prison term for murder of the first or second degree which subjects a defendant to the punishment of life without the possibility of parole, no evidence may be presented by the prosecution in aggravation unless notice of the evidence to be introduced has been given to the defendant within a reasonable period of time as determined by the court, prior to trial. Evidence may be introduced without such notice in rebuttal to evidence introduced by the defendant in mitigation. In determining the penalty, the trier of fact shall take into account any of the following factors if relevant: (1) The circumstances of the crime of which the defendant was convicted in the present proceeding and the existence of the prior prison term for murder. (2) The presence or absence of criminal activity by the defendant which involved the use or attempted use of force or violence or the express or implied threat to use force or violence. (3) The presence or absence of any prior felony conviction. (4) Whether or not the offense was committed while the defendant was under the influence of extreme mental or emotional disturbance. (5) Whether or not the victim was a participant in the defendant’s homicidal conduct or consented to the homicidal act. (6) Whether or not the offense was committed under circumstances which the defendant reasonably believed to be a moral justification or extenuation for his or her conduct. (7) Whether or not the defendant acted under extreme duress or under the substantial domination of another person. (8) Whether or not at the time of the offense the ability of the defendant to appreciate the criminality of his or her conduct or to conform his or her conduct to the requirements of law was impaired as a result of mental disease or defect, or the effects of intoxication. (9) The age of the defendant at the time of the crime. (10) Whether or not the defendant was an accomplice to the offense and his or her participation in the commission of the offense was relatively minor. (11) Any other circumstance which extenuates the gravity of the crime even though it is not a legal excuse for the crime. After having heard and received all of the evidence, and after having heard and considered the arguments of counsel, the trier of fact shall consider, take into account, and be guided by the aggravating and mitigating circumstances referred to in this section, and shall impose a sentence of life without the possibility of parole if the trier of fact concludes that the aggravating circumstances outweigh the mitigating circumstances. If the trier of fact determines that the mitigating circumstances outweigh the aggravating circumstances, the trier of fact shall impose a sentence of confinement in the state prison for 15 years to life. (i) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the charging of finding of any special circumstance pursuant to Sections 190.1, 190.2, 190.3, 190.4, and 190.5.
Straftaten gegen die Person · Teil 1
Besondere Umstände beim Mord
Der Paragraf zählt die besonderen Umstände auf, bei denen ein Mord ersten Grades mit dem Tod oder lebenslang ohne Bewährung geahndet wird. Dazu gehören unter anderem Mord aus Gewinnsucht, frühere Mordverurteilungen, mehrere Opfer, Heimtücke, die Tötung von Polizeibeamten oder Zeugen sowie Morde im Zusammenhang mit anderen schweren Straftaten. Auch Gehilfen können unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen so bestraft werden.
Strafebis zur Todesstrafe
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 190.2 — Besondere Umstände beim MordWortlautzu
Der Paragraf zählt die besonderen Umstände auf, bei denen ein Mord ersten Grades mit dem Tod oder lebenslang ohne Bewährung geahndet wird. Dazu gehören unter anderem Mord aus Gewinnsucht, frühere Mordverurteilungen, mehrere Opfer, Heimtücke, die Tötung von Polizeibeamten oder Zeugen sowie Morde im Zusammenhang mit anderen schweren Straftaten. Auch Gehilfen können unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen so bestraft werden.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Tod oder lebenslang ohne Möglichkeit der Bewährung. Wer nicht selbst tötet, aber mit Tötungsabsicht hilft, wird ebenso bestraft; wer als massgeblicher Beteiligter unter rücksichtsloser Gleichgültigkeit gegenüber dem Leben mitwirkt, ebenfalls.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) The penalty for a defendant who is found guilty of murder in the first degree is death or imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole if one or more of the following special circumstances has been found under Section 190.4 to be true:
(b) Unless an intent to kill is specifically required under subdivision (a) for a special circumstance enumerated therein, an actual killer, as to whom the special circumstance has been found to be true under Section 190.4, need not have had any intent to kill at the time of the commission of the offense which is the basis of the special circumstance in order to suffer death or confinement in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole.
(c) Every person, not the actual killer, who, with the intent to kill, aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces, solicits, requests, or assists any actor in the commission of murder in the first degree shall be punished by death or imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole if one or more of the special circumstances enumerated in subdivision (a) has been found to be true under Section 190.4.
(d) Notwithstanding subdivision (c), every person, not the actual killer, who, with reckless indifference to human life and as a major participant, aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces, solicits, requests, or assists in the commission of a felony enumerated in paragraph (17) of subdivision (a) which results in the death of some person or persons, and who is found guilty of murder in the first degree therefor, shall be punished by death or imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole if a special circumstance enumerated in paragraph (17) of subdivision (a) has been found to be true under Section 190.4.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) The penalty for a defendant who is found guilty of murder in the first degree is death or imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole if one or more of the following special circumstances has been found under Section 190.4 to be true: (1) The murder was intentional and carried out for financial gain. (2) The defendant was convicted previously of murder in the first or second degree. For the purpose of this paragraph, an offense committed in another jurisdiction, which if committed in California would be punishable as first or second degree murder, shall be deemed murder in the first or second degree. (3) The defendant, in this proceeding, has been convicted of more than one offense of murder in the first or second degree. (4) The murder was committed by means of a destructive device, bomb, or explosive planted, hidden, or concealed in any place, area, dwelling, building, or structure, and the defendant knew, or reasonably should have known, that his or her act or acts would create a great risk of death to one or more human beings. (5) The murder was committed for the purpose of avoiding or preventing a lawful arrest, or perfecting or attempting to perfect, an escape from lawful custody. (6) The murder was committed by means of a destructive device, bomb, or explosive that the defendant mailed or delivered, attempted to mail or deliver, or caused to be mailed or delivered, and the defendant knew, or reasonably should have known, that his or her act or acts would create a great risk of death to one or more human beings. (7) The victim was a peace officer, as defined in Section 830.1, 830.2, 830.3, 830.31, 830.32, 830.33, 830.34, 830.35, 830.36, 830.37, 830.4, 830.5, 830.6, 830.10, 830.11, or 830.12, who, while engaged in the course of the performance of his or her duties, was intentionally killed, and the defendant knew, or reasonably should have known, that the victim was a peace officer engaged in the performance of his or her duties; or the victim was a peace officer, as defined in the above-enumerated sections, or a former peace officer under any of those sections, and was intentionally killed in retaliation for the performance of his or her official duties. (8) The victim was a federal law enforcement officer or agent who, while engaged in the course of the performance of his or her duties, was intentionally killed, and the defendant knew, or reasonably should have known, that the victim was a federal law enforcement officer or agent engaged in the performance of his or her duties; or the victim was a federal law enforcement officer or agent, and was intentionally killed in retaliation for the performance of his or her official duties. (9) The victim was a firefighter, as defined in Section 245.1, who, while engaged in the course of the performance of his or her duties, was intentionally killed, and the defendant knew, or reasonably should have known, that the victim was a firefighter engaged in the performance of his or her duties. (10) The victim was a witness to a crime who was intentionally killed for the purpose of preventing his or her testimony in any criminal or juvenile proceeding, and the killing was not committed during the commission or attempted commission, of the crime to which he or she was a witness; or the victim was a witness to a crime and was intentionally killed in retaliation for his or her testimony in any criminal or juvenile proceeding. As used in this paragraph, “juvenile proceeding” means a proceeding brought pursuant to Section 602 or 707 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. (11) The victim was a prosecutor or assistant prosecutor or a former prosecutor or assistant prosecutor of any local or state prosecutor’s office in this or any other state, or of a federal prosecutor’s office, and the murder was intentionally carried out in retaliation for, or to prevent the performance of, the victim’s official duties. (12) The victim was a judge or former judge of any court of record in the local, state, or federal system in this or any other state, and the murder was intentionally carried out in retaliation for, or to prevent the performance of, the victim’s official duties. (13) The victim was an elected or appointed official or former official of the federal government, or of any local or state government of this or any other state, and the killing was intentionally carried out in retaliation for, or to prevent the performance of, the victim’s official duties. (14) The murder was especially heinous, atrocious, or cruel, manifesting exceptional depravity. As used in this section, the phrase “especially heinous, atrocious, or cruel, manifesting exceptional depravity” means a conscienceless or pitiless crime that is unnecessarily torturous to the victim. (15) The defendant intentionally killed the victim by means of lying in wait. (16) The victim was intentionally killed because of his or her race, color, religion, nationality, or country of origin. (17) The murder was committed while the defendant was engaged in, or was an accomplice in, the commission of, attempted commission of, or the immediate flight after committing, or attempting to commit, the following felonies: (A) Robbery in violation of Section 211 or 212.5. (B) Kidnapping in violation of Section 207, 209, or 209.5. (C) Rape in violation of Section 261. (D) Sodomy in violation of Section 286. (E) The performance of a lewd or lascivious act upon the person of a child under the age of 14 years in violation of Section 288. (F) Oral copulation in violation of Section 287 or former Section 288a. (G) Burglary in the first or second degree in violation of Section 460. (H) Arson in violation of subdivision (b) of Section 451. (I) Train wrecking in violation of Section 219. (J) Mayhem in violation of Section 203. (K) Rape by instrument in violation of Section 289. (L) Carjacking, as defined in Section 215. (M) To prove the special circumstances of kidnapping in subparagraph (B), or arson in subparagraph (H), if there is specific intent to kill, it is only required that there be proof of the elements of those felonies. If so established, those two special circumstances are proven even if the felony of kidnapping or arson is committed primarily or solely for the purpose of facilitating the murder. (18) The murder was intentional and involved the infliction of torture. (19) The defendant intentionally killed the victim by the administration of poison. (20) The victim was a juror in any court of record in the local, state, or federal system in this or any other state, and the murder was intentionally carried out in retaliation for, or to prevent the performance of, the victim’s official duties. (21) The murder was intentional and perpetrated by means of discharging a firearm from a motor vehicle, intentionally at another person or persons outside the vehicle with the intent to inflict death. For purposes of this paragraph, “motor vehicle” means any vehicle as defined in Section 415 of the Vehicle Code. (22) The defendant intentionally killed the victim while the defendant was an active participant in a criminal street gang, as defined in subdivision (f) of Section 186.22, and the murder was carried out to further the activities of the criminal street gang. (b) Unless an intent to kill is specifically required under subdivision (a) for a special circumstance enumerated therein, an actual killer, as to whom the special circumstance has been found to be true under Section 190.4, need not have had any intent to kill at the time of the commission of the offense which is the basis of the special circumstance in order to suffer death or confinement in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole. (c) Every person, not the actual killer, who, with the intent to kill, aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces, solicits, requests, or assists any actor in the commission of murder in the first degree shall be punished by death or imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole if one or more of the special circumstances enumerated in subdivision (a) has been found to be true under Section 190.4. (d) Notwithstanding subdivision (c), every person, not the actual killer, who, with reckless indifference to human life and as a major participant, aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces, solicits, requests, or assists in the commission of a felony enumerated in paragraph (17) of subdivision (a) which results in the death of some person or persons, and who is found guilty of murder in the first degree therefor, shall be punished by death or imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole if a special circumstance enumerated in paragraph (17) of subdivision (a) has been found to be true under Section 190.4. The penalty shall be determined as provided in this section and Sections 190.1, 190.3, 190.4, and 190.5.
Straftaten gegen die Person · Teil 1
Mord an Fahrpersonal des öffentlichen Verkehrs
Wird ein Bus-, Taxi-, Strassenbahn- oder anderer Fahrer im öffentlichen Personenverkehr oder ein Stations- oder Fahrkartenbediensteter im Dienst ermordet, gilt ein besonderer Umstand. Der Täter erhält dann zwingend lebenslange Haft ohne Bewährung. Das gilt auch für Gehilfen, die vorsätzlich zur Tat beitragen.
Strafekeine Zahl im Gesetz — nur der Wortlaut, unter „Mehr dazu“
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 190.25 — Mord an Fahrpersonal des öffentlichen VerkehrsWortlautzu
Wird ein Bus-, Taxi-, Strassenbahn- oder anderer Fahrer im öffentlichen Personenverkehr oder ein Stations- oder Fahrkartenbediensteter im Dienst ermordet, gilt ein besonderer Umstand. Der Täter erhält dann zwingend lebenslange Haft ohne Bewährung. Das gilt auch für Gehilfen, die vorsätzlich zur Tat beitragen.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Lebenslang ohne Möglichkeit der Bewährung, auch für Beteiligte, die nicht selbst getötet haben.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) The penalty for a defendant found guilty of murder in the first degree shall be confinement in state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole in any case in which any of the following special circumstances has been charged and specially found under Section 190.4, to be true: the victim was the operator or driver of a bus, taxicab, streetcar, cable car, trackless trolley, or other motor vehicle operated on land, including a vehicle operated on stationary rails or on a track or rail suspended in the air, used for the transportation of persons for hire, or the victim was a station agent or ticket agent for the entity providing such transportation, who, while engaged in the course of the performance of his or her duties was intentionally killed, and such defendant knew or reasonably should have known that such victim was the operator or driver of a bus, taxicab, streetcar, cable car, trackless trolley, or other motor vehicle operated on land, including a vehicle operated on stationary rails or on a track or rail suspended in the air, used for the transportation of persons for hire, or was a station agent or ticket agent for the entity providing such transportation, engaged in the performance of his or her duties.
(b) Every person whether or not the actual killer found guilty of intentionally aiding, abetting, counseling, commanding, inducing, soliciting, requesting, or assisting any actor in the commission of murder in the first degree shall suffer confinement in state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole, in any case in which one or more of the special circumstances enumerated in subdivision (a) of this section has been charged and specially found under Section 190.4 to be true.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) The penalty for a defendant found guilty of murder in the first degree shall be confinement in state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole in any case in which any of the following special circumstances has been charged and specially found under Section 190.4, to be true: the victim was the operator or driver of a bus, taxicab, streetcar, cable car, trackless trolley, or other motor vehicle operated on land, including a vehicle operated on stationary rails or on a track or rail suspended in the air, used for the transportation of persons for hire, or the victim was a station agent or ticket agent for the entity providing such transportation, who, while engaged in the course of the performance of his or her duties was intentionally killed, and such defendant knew or reasonably should have known that such victim was the operator or driver of a bus, taxicab, streetcar, cable car, trackless trolley, or other motor vehicle operated on land, including a vehicle operated on stationary rails or on a track or rail suspended in the air, used for the transportation of persons for hire, or was a station agent or ticket agent for the entity providing such transportation, engaged in the performance of his or her duties. (b) Every person whether or not the actual killer found guilty of intentionally aiding, abetting, counseling, commanding, inducing, soliciting, requesting, or assisting any actor in the commission of murder in the first degree shall suffer confinement in state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole, in any case in which one or more of the special circumstances enumerated in subdivision (a) of this section has been charged and specially found under Section 190.4 to be true. (c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the charging or finding of any special circumstance pursuant to Sections 190.1, 190.2, 190.3, 190.4, and 190.5.
Straftaten gegen die Person · Teil 1
Angriff und Mordversuch an Amtsträgern
Wer einen Angriff auf den Präsidenten, den Vizepräsidenten, einen Gouverneur, Richter, Staatsanwalt, Pflichtverteidiger, Bürgermeister, Sheriff, Polizeibeamten, Geschworenen oder deren nächste Angehörige verübt, um deren Amtsführung zu vergelten oder zu verhindern, macht sich strafbar. Erfasst sind auch frühere Amtsinhaber. Der versuchte Mord an diesen Personen wird deutlich strenger bestraft.
Strafenormalerweise 2 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
16 Monate·2 Jahre·3 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „16 Monate · 2 Jahre · 3 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „16 months, or two or three years“
Cal. Penal Code § 217.1 — Angriff und Mordversuch an AmtsträgernWortlautzu
Wer einen Angriff auf den Präsidenten, den Vizepräsidenten, einen Gouverneur, Richter, Staatsanwalt, Pflichtverteidiger, Bürgermeister, Sheriff, Polizeibeamten, Geschworenen oder deren nächste Angehörige verübt, um deren Amtsführung zu vergelten oder zu verhindern, macht sich strafbar. Erfasst sind auch frühere Amtsinhaber. Der versuchte Mord an diesen Personen wird deutlich strenger bestraft.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Für den Angriff bis zu einem Jahr Bezirksgefängnis oder Haft nach PC 1170(h). Für den Mordversuch 15 Jahre bis lebenslang Staatsgefängnis.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), every person who commits any assault upon the President or Vice President of the United States, the Governor of any state or territory, any justice, judge, or former judge of any local, state, or federal court of record, any commissioner, referee, or other subordinate judicial officer of any court of record, the secretary or director of any executive agency or department of the United States or any state or territory, or any other official of the United States or any state or territory holding elective office, any mayor, city council member, county supervisor, sheriff, district attorney, prosecutor or assistant prosecutor of any local, state, or federal prosecutor’s office, a former prosecutor or
(b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), every person who attempts to commit murder against any person listed in subdivision (a) in retaliation for or to prevent the performance of the victim’s official duties, shall be confined in the state prison for a term of 15 years to life.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), every person who commits any assault upon the President or Vice President of the United States, the Governor of any state or territory, any justice, judge, or former judge of any local, state, or federal court of record, any commissioner, referee, or other subordinate judicial officer of any court of record, the secretary or director of any executive agency or department of the United States or any state or territory, or any other official of the United States or any state or territory holding elective office, any mayor, city council member, county supervisor, sheriff, district attorney, prosecutor or assistant prosecutor of any local, state, or federal prosecutor’s office, a former prosecutor or assistant prosecutor of any local, state, or federal prosecutor’s office, public defender or assistant public defender of any local, state, or federal public defender’s office, a former public defender or assistant public defender of any local, state, or federal public defender’s office, the chief of police of any municipal police department, any peace officer, any juror in any local, state, or federal court of record, or the immediate family of any of these officials, in retaliation for or to prevent the performance of the victim’s official duties, shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170. (b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), every person who attempts to commit murder against any person listed in subdivision (a) in retaliation for or to prevent the performance of the victim’s official duties, shall be confined in the state prison for a term of 15 years to life. The provisions of Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 2930) of Chapter 7 of Title 1 of Part 3 shall apply to reduce any minimum term of 15 years in a state prison imposed pursuant to this section, but that person shall not otherwise be released on parole prior to that time. (c) For the purposes of this section, the following words have the following meanings: (1) “Immediate family” means spouse, child, stepchild, brother, stepbrother, sister, stepsister, mother, stepmother, father, or stepfather. (2) “Peace officer” means any person specified in subdivision (a) of Section 830.1 or Section 830.5.
Straftaten gegen die Person · Teil 1
Strafbare Drohung
Wer vorsätzlich androht, eine Straftat zu begehen, die zum Tod oder zu einer schweren Körperverletzung eines anderen führen würde, macht sich strafbar, wenn er will, dass die mündliche, schriftliche oder elektronisch übermittelte Äusserung als Drohung verstanden wird. Es kommt nicht darauf an, ob er sie wirklich umsetzen will. Die Drohung muss so eindeutig, unbedingt, unmittelbar und bestimmt sein, dass sie beim Bedrohten den Eindruck ernsthafter Absicht und baldiger Ausführung erweckt und ihn dauerhaft um seine eigene Sicherheit oder die seiner nächsten Angehörigen fürchten lässt.
Strafebis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 422 — Strafbare DrohungWortlautzu
Wer vorsätzlich androht, eine Straftat zu begehen, die zum Tod oder zu einer schweren Körperverletzung eines anderen führen würde, macht sich strafbar, wenn er will, dass die mündliche, schriftliche oder elektronisch übermittelte Äusserung als Drohung verstanden wird. Es kommt nicht darauf an, ob er sie wirklich umsetzen will. Die Drohung muss so eindeutig, unbedingt, unmittelbar und bestimmt sein, dass sie beim Bedrohten den Eindruck ernsthafter Absicht und baldiger Ausführung erweckt und ihn dauerhaft um seine eigene Sicherheit oder die seiner nächsten Angehörigen fürchten lässt.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) Any person who willfully threatens to commit a crime which will result in death or great bodily injury to another person, with the specific intent that the statement, made verbally, in writing, or by means of an electronic communication device, is to be taken as a threat, even if there is no intent of actually carrying it out, which, on its face and under the circumstances in which it is made, is so unequivocal, unconditional, immediate, and specific as to convey to the person threatened, a gravity of purpose and an immediate prospect of execution of the threat, and thereby causes that person reasonably to be in sustained fear for their own safety or for their immediate family’s safety, shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment in the state prison.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Any person who willfully threatens to commit a crime which will result in death or great bodily injury to another person, with the specific intent that the statement, made verbally, in writing, or by means of an electronic communication device, is to be taken as a threat, even if there is no intent of actually carrying it out, which, on its face and under the circumstances in which it is made, is so unequivocal, unconditional, immediate, and specific as to convey to the person threatened, a gravity of purpose and an immediate prospect of execution of the threat, and thereby causes that person reasonably to be in sustained fear for their own safety or for their immediate family’s safety, shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment in the state prison. (b) In sentencing a person convicted of a felony violation of subdivision (a), the court may consider, as a factor in aggravation, that the defendant willfully threatened to commit a crime that would result in the death or great bodily injury of a person the defendant knew was a state constitutional officer, a Member of the Legislature, or a judge or court commissioner, as defined in subdivisions (a), (b), (c), (n), and (q) of Section 7920.500 of the Government Code. (c) (1) For purposes of this section, “immediate family” means any spouse, whether by marriage or not, parent, child, any person related by consanguinity or affinity within the second degree, or any other person who regularly resides in the household, or who, within the prior six months, regularly resided in the household. (2) For purposes of this section, “electronic communication device” includes, but is not limited to, telephones, cellular telephones, computers, video recorders, fax machines, or pagers. “Electronic communication” has the same meaning as the term is defined in Subsection 12 of Section 2510 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
Strafbare Drohungen · Teil 1
Versuch einer Straftat
Wer eine Straftat zu begehen versucht, aber scheitert oder daran gehindert wird, wird nach dieser Vorschrift bestraft, soweit das Gesetz für den Versuch keine eigene Strafe vorsieht. In der Regel beträgt die Strafe die Hälfte der Strafe für die vollendete Tat.
Strafenormalerweise 7 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
5·7·9 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „5 · 7 · 9 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „five, seven, or nine years“
Cal. Penal Code § 664 — Versuch einer StraftatWortlautzu
Wer eine Straftat zu begehen versucht, aber scheitert oder daran gehindert wird, wird nach dieser Vorschrift bestraft, soweit das Gesetz für den Versuch keine eigene Strafe vorsieht. In der Regel beträgt die Strafe die Hälfte der Strafe für die vollendete Tat.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Grundsätzlich die Hälfte der für die vollendete Tat vorgesehenen Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis oder im Bezirksgefängnis. Beim Versuch eines vorsätzlichen, überlegten und geplanten Mordes: lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis mit der Möglichkeit der Bewährung. Bei sonstigen Taten mit lebenslanger Freiheitsstrafe oder Todesstrafe als Höchststrafe: Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis von fünf, sieben oder neun Jahren.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) If the crime attempted is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, the person guilty of the attempt shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison or in a county jail, respectively, for one-half the term of imprisonment prescribed upon a conviction of the offense attempted. However, if the crime attempted is willful, deliberate, and premeditated murder, as defined in Section 189, the person guilty of that attempt shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life with the possibility of parole. If the crime attempted is any other one in which the maximum sentence is life imprisonment or death, the person guilty of the attempt shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for five, seven, or nine years. The additional term provided in this section for attempted willful, deliberate, and premeditated murder shall not be imposed unless the fact that the attempted murder was willful, deliberate, and premeditated is charged in the accusatory pleading and admitted or found to be true by the trier of fact.
(f) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), if the elements of subdivision (e) are proven in an attempted murder and it is also charged and admitted or found to be true by the trier of fact that the attempted murder was willful, deliberate, and premeditated, the person guilty of the attempt shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for 15 years to life. Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 2930) of Chapter 7 of Title 1 of Part 3 shall not apply to reduce this minimum term of 15 years in state prison, and the person shall not be released prior to serving 15 years’ confinement.
5 , 7 , or 9 years
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Every person who attempts to commit any crime, but fails, or is prevented or intercepted in its perpetration, shall be punished where no provision is made by law for the punishment of those attempts, as follows: (a) If the crime attempted is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, the person guilty of the attempt shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison or in a county jail, respectively, for one-half the term of imprisonment prescribed upon a conviction of the offense attempted. However, if the crime attempted is willful, deliberate, and premeditated murder, as defined in Section 189, the person guilty of that attempt shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life with the possibility of parole. If the crime attempted is any other one in which the maximum sentence is life imprisonment or death, the person guilty of the attempt shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for five, seven, or nine years. The additional term provided in this section for attempted willful, deliberate, and premeditated murder shall not be imposed unless the fact that the attempted murder was willful, deliberate, and premeditated is charged in the accusatory pleading and admitted or found to be true by the trier of fact. (b) If the crime attempted is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail, the person guilty of the attempt shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for a term not exceeding one-half the term of imprisonment prescribed upon a conviction of the offense attempted. (c) If the offense so attempted is punishable by a fine, the offender convicted of that attempt shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one-half the largest fine which may be imposed upon a conviction of the offense attempted. (d) If a crime is divided into degrees, an attempt to commit the crime may be of any of those degrees, and the punishment for the attempt shall be determined as provided by this section. (e) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), if attempted murder is committed upon a peace officer or firefighter, as those terms are defined in paragraphs (7) and (9) of subdivision (a) of Section 190.2, a custodial officer, as that term is defined in subdivision (a) of Section 831 or subdivision (a) of Section 831.5, a custody assistant, as that term is defined in subdivision (a) of Section 831.7, or a nonsworn uniformed employee of a sheriff’s department whose job entails the care or control of inmates in a detention facility, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 289.6, and the person who commits the offense knows or reasonably should know that the victim is a peace officer, firefighter, custodial officer, custody assistant, or nonsworn uniformed employee of a sheriff’s department engaged in the performance of his or her duties, the person guilty of the attempt shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life with the possibility of parole. This subdivision shall apply if it is proven that a direct but ineffectual act was committed by one person toward killing another human being and the person committing the act harbored express malice aforethought, namely, a specific intent to unlawfully kill another human being. The Legislature finds and declares that this paragraph is declaratory of existing law. (f) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), if the elements of subdivision (e) are proven in an attempted murder and it is also charged and admitted or found to be true by the trier of fact that the attempted murder was willful, deliberate, and premeditated, the person guilty of the attempt shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for 15 years to life. Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 2930) of Chapter 7 of Title 1 of Part 3 shall not apply to reduce this minimum term of 15 years in state prison, and the person shall not be released prior to serving 15 years’ confinement.
- Strafschärfung — der Wert ist ein Zusatzterm, keine Grundstrafe
- haft-nach-1170h-ohne-zahlen
- dreiwertiger-strafrahmen
- lebenslange-haft
Allgemeine Vorschriften · Teil 1
Anstiftung zu Straftaten
Wer einen anderen dazu auffordert, eine der aufgeführten Straftaten zu begehen, und dabei will, dass die Tat auch geschieht, macht sich strafbar. Erfasst sind unter anderem Bestechung, Autoraub, Raub, Einbruch, schwerer Diebstahl, Hehlerei, Erpressung, Meineid, Urkundenfälschung, Entführung, Brandstiftung, Körperverletzung mit gefährlicher Waffe und das gewaltsame Abhalten von Zeugen. Für die Anstiftung zu Mord, zu schweren Sexualdelikten, zu bestimmten Drogendelikten und zu Sozialleistungsbetrug gelten eigene Strafrahmen.
StrafeAnstiftung zum Mord:normalerweise 6 Jahre Gefängnis· dazu bis $10.000· + 1 weiterer Fall
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Die 2 Strafrahmen im Gesetz
Anstiftung zum Mord3·6·9 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „3 · 6 · 9 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „three, six, or nine years“
Anstiftung zu Vergewaltigung oder anderen s…2·3·4 Jahreweniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „2 · 3 · 4 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „two, three, or four years“
Cal. Penal Code § 653f — Anstiftung zu StraftatenWortlautzu
Wer einen anderen dazu auffordert, eine der aufgeführten Straftaten zu begehen, und dabei will, dass die Tat auch geschieht, macht sich strafbar. Erfasst sind unter anderem Bestechung, Autoraub, Raub, Einbruch, schwerer Diebstahl, Hehlerei, Erpressung, Meineid, Urkundenfälschung, Entführung, Brandstiftung, Körperverletzung mit gefährlicher Waffe und das gewaltsame Abhalten von Zeugen. Für die Anstiftung zu Mord, zu schweren Sexualdelikten, zu bestimmten Drogendelikten und zu Sozialleistungsbetrug gelten eigene Strafrahmen.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Grundfall (Buchstabe a): Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h oder Geldstrafe bis zu 10.000 US-Dollar beziehungsweise bis zur Höhe der für die Anlasstat möglichen Geldstrafe, je nachdem was höher ist, oder Geld- und Freiheitsstrafe zusammen. Anstiftung zum Mord: drei, sechs oder neun Jahre im Staatsgefängnis. Anstiftung zu Vergewaltigung oder anderen schweren Sexualdelikten mit Gewalt: zwei, drei oder vier Jahre im Staatsgefängnis. Anstiftung zu bestimmten Drogendelikten oder zu Sozialleistungsbetrug: bis zu sechs Monate im Bezirksgefängnis, im Wiederholungsfall bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) Every person who, with the intent that the crime be committed, solicits another to offer, accept, or join in the offer or acceptance of a bribe, or to commit or join in the commission of carjacking, robbery, burglary, grand theft, receiving stolen property, extortion, perjury, subornation of perjury, forgery, kidnapping, arson or assault with a deadly weapon or instrument or by means of force likely to produce great bodily injury, or, by the use of force or a threat of force, to prevent or dissuade any person who is or may become a witness from attending upon, or testifying at, any trial, proceeding, or inquiry authorized by law, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of
(b) Every person who, with the intent that the crime be committed, solicits another to commit or join in the commission of murder shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for three, six, or nine years.
(c) Every person who, with the intent that the crime be committed, solicits another to commit rape by force or violence, sodomy by force or violence, oral copulation by force or violence, or any violation of Section 264.1, 288, or 289, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for two, three, or four years.
(d) (1) Every person who, with the intent that the crime be committed, solicits another to commit an offense specified in Section 11352, 11379, 11379.5, 11379.6, or 11391 of the Health and Safety Code shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding six months. Every person who, having been convicted of soliciting another to commit an offense specified in this subdivision, is subsequently convicted of the proscribed solicitation, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.
(e) Every person who, with the intent that the crime be committed, solicits another to commit an offense specified in Section 14014 of the Welfare and Institutions Code shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not exceeding six months. Every person who, having been convicted of soliciting another to commit an offense specified in this subdivision, is subsequently convicted of the proscribed solicitation, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.
(3) Every person who violates this subdivision shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for a period not to exceed six months. Every subsequent violation of this subdivision by that same person shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year.
Section 1170, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or the amount which could have been assessed for commission of the offense itself, whichever is greater, or by both the fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Every person who, with the intent that the crime be committed, solicits another to offer, accept, or join in the offer or acceptance of a bribe, or to commit or join in the commission of carjacking, robbery, burglary, grand theft, receiving stolen property, extortion, perjury, subornation of perjury, forgery, kidnapping, arson or assault with a deadly weapon or instrument or by means of force likely to produce great bodily injury, or, by the use of force or a threat of force, to prevent or dissuade any person who is or may become a witness from attending upon, or testifying at, any trial, proceeding, or inquiry authorized by law, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or the amount which could have been assessed for commission of the offense itself, whichever is greater, or by both the fine and imprisonment. (b) Every person who, with the intent that the crime be committed, solicits another to commit or join in the commission of murder shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for three, six, or nine years. (c) Every person who, with the intent that the crime be committed, solicits another to commit rape by force or violence, sodomy by force or violence, oral copulation by force or violence, or any violation of Section 264.1, 288, or 289, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for two, three, or four years. (d) (1) Every person who, with the intent that the crime be committed, solicits another to commit an offense specified in Section 11352, 11379, 11379.5, 11379.6, or 11391 of the Health and Safety Code shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding six months. Every person who, having been convicted of soliciting another to commit an offense specified in this subdivision, is subsequently convicted of the proscribed solicitation, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170. (2) This subdivision does not apply where the term of imprisonment imposed under other provisions of law would result in a longer term of imprisonment. (e) Every person who, with the intent that the crime be committed, solicits another to commit an offense specified in Section 14014 of the Welfare and Institutions Code shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not exceeding six months. Every person who, having been convicted of soliciting another to commit an offense specified in this subdivision, is subsequently convicted of the proscribed solicitation, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170. (f) (1) Every person who, with the intent that the crime be committed, solicits another to commit an offense set forth in Section 502 shall be punished as set forth in paragraph (3). (2) Every person who, with the intent that the crime be committed, offers to solicit assistance for another to conduct activities in violation of Section 502 shall be punished as set forth in paragraph (3). This includes persons operating Internet Web sites that offer to assist others in locating hacking services. For the purposes of this section “hacking services” means assistance in the unauthorized access to computers, computer systems, or data in violation of Section 502. (3) Every person who violates this subdivision shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for a period not to exceed six months. Every subsequent violation of this subdivision by that same person shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year. (g) An offense charged in violation of subdivision (a), (b), or (c) shall be proven by the testimony of two witnesses, or of one witness and corroborating circumstances. An offense charged in violation of subdivision (d), (e), or (f) shall be proven by the testimony of one witness and corroborating circumstances. (h) Nothing in this section precludes prosecution under any other law that provides for a greater punishment.
Sonstige Straftaten · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $10.000
Feststellung besonderer Umstände
Werden besondere Umstände behauptet und der Angeklagte des Mordes ersten Grades schuldig gesprochen, muss zu jedem behaupteten Umstand eine gesonderte Feststellung getroffen werden. Bei begründeten Zweifeln ist zugunsten des Angeklagten zu entscheiden. Der Paragraf regelt auch, wie zu verfahren ist, wenn sich die Geschworenen nicht einigen.
Strafekeine Zahl im Gesetz — nur der Wortlaut, unter „Mehr dazu“
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 190.4 — Feststellung besonderer UmständeWortlautzu
Werden besondere Umstände behauptet und der Angeklagte des Mordes ersten Grades schuldig gesprochen, muss zu jedem behaupteten Umstand eine gesonderte Feststellung getroffen werden. Bei begründeten Zweifeln ist zugunsten des Angeklagten zu entscheiden. Der Paragraf regelt auch, wie zu verfahren ist, wenn sich die Geschworenen nicht einigen.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Kann sich eine neue Jury über die Strafe nicht einigen, kann das Gericht eine neue Jury bestimmen oder lebenslang ohne Möglichkeit der Bewährung verhängen.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
In any case in which the defendant has been found guilty by a jury, and the jury has been unable to reach an unanimous verdict that one or more of the special circumstances charged are true, and does not reach a unanimous verdict that all the special circumstances charged are not true, the court shall dismiss the jury and shall order a new jury impaneled to try the issues, but the issue of guilt shall not be tried by such jury, nor shall such jury retry the issue of the truth of any of the special circumstances which were found by an unanimous verdict of the previous jury to be untrue. If such new jury is unable to reach the unanimous verdict that one or more of the special circumstances it is trying are true, the court shall dismiss the jury and in the court’s discretion shall either order a new jury impaneled to try the issues the previous jury was unable to reach the unanimous verdict on, or impose a punishment of confinement in state prison for a term of 25 years.
If the trier of fact is a jury and has been unable to reach a unanimous verdict as to what the penalty shall be, the court shall dismiss the jury and shall order a new jury impaneled to try the issue as to what the penalty shall be. If such new jury is unable to reach a unanimous verdict as to what the penalty shall be, the court in its discretion shall either order a new jury or impose a punishment of confinement in state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Whenever special circumstances as enumerated in Section 190.2 are alleged and the trier of fact finds the defendant guilty of first degree murder, the trier of fact shall also make a special finding on the truth of each alleged special circumstance. The determination of the truth of any or all of the special circumstances shall be made by the trier of fact on the evidence presented at the trial or at the hearing held pursuant to Subdivision (b) of Section 190.1. In case of a reasonable doubt as to whether a special circumstance is true, the defendant is entitled to a finding that is not true. The trier of fact shall make a special finding that each special circumstance charged is either true or not true. Whenever a special circumstance requires proof of the commission or attempted commission of a crime, such crime shall be charged and proved pursuant to the general law applying to the trial and conviction of the crime. If the defendant was convicted by the court sitting without a jury, the trier of fact shall be a jury unless a jury is waived by the defendant and by the people, in which case the trier of fact shall be the court. If the defendant was convicted by a plea of guilty, the trier of fact shall be a jury unless a jury is waived by the defendant and by the people. If the trier of fact finds that any one or more of the special circumstances enumerated in Section 190.2 as charged is true, there shall be a separate penalty hearing, and neither the finding that any of the remaining special circumstances charged is not true, nor if the trier of fact is a jury, the inability of the jury to agree on the issue of the truth or untruth of any of the remaining special circumstances charged, shall prevent the holding of a separate penalty hearing. In any case in which the defendant has been found guilty by a jury, and the jury has been unable to reach an unanimous verdict that one or more of the special circumstances charged are true, and does not reach a unanimous verdict that all the special circumstances charged are not true, the court shall dismiss the jury and shall order a new jury impaneled to try the issues, but the issue of guilt shall not be tried by such jury, nor shall such jury retry the issue of the truth of any of the special circumstances which were found by an unanimous verdict of the previous jury to be untrue. If such new jury is unable to reach the unanimous verdict that one or more of the special circumstances it is trying are true, the court shall dismiss the jury and in the court’s discretion shall either order a new jury impaneled to try the issues the previous jury was unable to reach the unanimous verdict on, or impose a punishment of confinement in state prison for a term of 25 years. (b) If defendant was convicted by the court sitting without a jury the trier of fact at the penalty hearing shall be a jury unless a jury is waived by the defendant and the people, in which case the trier of fact shall be the court. If the defendant was convicted by a plea of guilty, the trier of fact shall be a jury unless a jury is waived by the defendant and the people. If the trier of fact is a jury and has been unable to reach a unanimous verdict as to what the penalty shall be, the court shall dismiss the jury and shall order a new jury impaneled to try the issue as to what the penalty shall be. If such new jury is unable to reach a unanimous verdict as to what the penalty shall be, the court in its discretion shall either order a new jury or impose a punishment of confinement in state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole. (c) If the trier of fact which convicted the defendant of a crime for which he may be subject to the death penalty was a jury, the same jury shall consider any plea of not guilty by reason of insanity pursuant to Section 1026, the truth of any special circumstances which may be alleged, and the penalty to be applied, unless for good cause shown the court discharges that jury in which case a new jury shall be drawn. The court shall state facts in support of the finding of good cause upon the record and cause them to be entered into the minutes. (d) In any case in which the defendant may be subject to the death penalty, evidence presented at any prior phase of the trial, including any proceeding under a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity pursuant to Section 1026 shall be considered an any subsequent phase of the trial, if the trier of fact of the prior phase is the same trier of fact at the subsequent phase. (e) In every case in which the trier of fact has returned a verdict or finding imposing the death penalty, the defendant shall be deemed to have made an application for modification of such verdict or finding pursuant to Subdivision 7 of Section 11. In ruling on the application, the judge shall review the evidence, consider, take into account, and be guided by the aggravating and mitigating circumstances referred to in Section 190.3, and shall make a determination as to whether the jury’s findings and verdicts that the aggravating circumstances outweigh the mitigating circumstances are contrary to law or the evidence presented. The judge shall state on the record the reasons for his findings. The judge shall set forth the reasons for his ruling on the application and direct that they be entered on the Clerk’s minutes. The denial of the modification of the death penalty verdict pursuant to subdivision (7) of Section 1181 shall be reviewed on the defendant’s automatic appeal pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 1239. The granting of the application shall be reviewed on the People’s appeal pursuant to paragraph (6).
Straftaten gegen die Person · Teil 1
Sprengstoffanschlag in Tötungsabsicht
Strafbar macht sich, wer einen Sprengsatz oder Sprengstoff in der Absicht zündet oder anzündet, einen Menschen zu töten, oder das versucht.
Strafelebenslanges Gefängnis möglich
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 18745 — Sprengstoffanschlag in TötungsabsichtWortlautzu
Strafbar macht sich, wer einen Sprengsatz oder Sprengstoff in der Absicht zündet oder anzündet, einen Menschen zu töten, oder das versucht.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Verbrechen: lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis mit Möglichkeit der bedingten Entlassung.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Every person who explodes, ignites, or attempts to explode or ignite any destructive device or any explosive with intent to commit murder is guilty of a felony, and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life with the possibility of parole.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Every person who explodes, ignites, or attempts to explode or ignite any destructive device or any explosive with intent to commit murder is guilty of a felony, and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life with the possibility of parole.
Waffenrecht allgemein · Teil 6
Bedrohung von Amtsträgern und Richtern
Wer wissentlich und vorsätzlich das Leben oder die körperliche Unversehrtheit eines gewählten Amtsträgers, eines Pflichtverteidigers des Bezirks, eines Bezirksschreibers, eines vom Gouverneur berufenen Amtsträgers, eines Richters oder eines Mitglieds der Bewährungsbehörde bedroht, macht sich strafbar. Das gilt auch für Drohungen gegen deren Mitarbeiter und nächste Angehörige. Erforderlich sind der Wille, dass die Äusserung als Drohung verstanden wird, und die erkennbare Möglichkeit, sie umzusetzen.
Strafebis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnis· dazu bis $5.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 76 — Bedrohung von Amtsträgern und RichternWortlautzu
Wer wissentlich und vorsätzlich das Leben oder die körperliche Unversehrtheit eines gewählten Amtsträgers, eines Pflichtverteidigers des Bezirks, eines Bezirksschreibers, eines vom Gouverneur berufenen Amtsträgers, eines Richters oder eines Mitglieds der Bewährungsbehörde bedroht, macht sich strafbar. Das gilt auch für Drohungen gegen deren Mitarbeiter und nächste Angehörige. Erforderlich sind der Wille, dass die Äusserung als Drohung verstanden wird, und die erkennbare Möglichkeit, sie umzusetzen.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Bei erster Verurteilung: Geldstrafe bis zu 5.000 Dollar oder Freiheitsstrafe nach Section 1170 Buchstabe h oder Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder beides. Bei einschlägiger Vorverurteilung: Freiheitsstrafe nach Section 1170 Buchstabe h.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(1) Upon a first conviction, the offense is punishable by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Every person who knowingly and willingly threatens the life of, or threatens serious bodily harm to, any elected public official, county public defender, county clerk, exempt appointee of the Governor, judge, or Deputy Commissioner of the Board of Prison Terms, or the staff, immediate family, or immediate family of the staff of any elected public official, county public defender, county clerk, exempt appointee of the Governor, judge, or Deputy Commissioner of the Board of Prison Terms, with the specific intent that the statement is to be taken as a threat, and the apparent ability to carry out that threat by any means, is guilty of a public offense, punishable as follows: (1) Upon a first conviction, the offense is punishable by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (2) If the person has been convicted previously of violating this section, the previous conviction shall be charged in the accusatory pleading, and if the previous conviction is found to be true by the jury upon a jury trial, or by the court upon a court trial, or is admitted by the defendant, the offense is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170. (b) Any law enforcement agency that has knowledge of a violation of this section involving a constitutional officer of the state, a Member of the Legislature, or a member of the judiciary shall immediately report that information to the Department of the California Highway Patrol. (c) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply: (1) “Apparent ability to carry out that threat” includes the ability to fulfill the threat at some future date when the person making the threat is an incarcerated prisoner with a stated release date. (2) “Serious bodily harm” includes serious physical injury or serious traumatic condition. (3) “Immediate family” means a spouse, parent, or child, or anyone who has regularly resided in the household for the past six months. (4) “Staff of a judge” means court officers and employees, including commissioners, referees, and retired judges sitting on assignment. (5) “Threat” means a verbal or written threat or a threat implied by a pattern of conduct or a combination of verbal or written statements and conduct made with the intent and the apparent ability to carry out the threat so as to cause the person who is the target of the threat to reasonably fear for his or her safety or the safety of his or her immediate family. (d) As for threats against staff or immediate family of staff, the threat must relate directly to the official duties of the staff of the elected public official, county public defender, county clerk, exempt appointee of the Governor, judge, or Deputy Commissioner of the Board of Prison Terms in order to constitute a public offense under this section. (e) A threat must relate directly to the official duties of a Deputy Commissioner of the Board of Prison Terms in order to constitute a public offense under this section.
- haft-nach-1170h-ohne-zahlen
Straftaten durch und gegen die vollziehende Gewalt des Staates · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $5.000
2Dein Fall
noch leer
Noch nichts ausgewählt. Suchen Sie oben nach der Tat und tippen Sie „Hinzufügen“ — jede Tat einzeln, so oft, wie sie vorkam.
3Diese Paragraphen gelten
Sobald die erste Tat oben im Fall liegt, stehen hier die Paragraphen, die dafür gelten — jeder mit Fundstelle zum Kopieren.
Orientierung, keine verbindliche Auskunft — das letzte Wort hat das Gericht. Katalog: leginfo.legislature.ca.gov — California Penal Code, Stand 2026-08-30, 1419 Paragraphen. Verbindlich ist der englische Wortlaut; die deutsche Fassung ist eine Arbeitsübersetzung und steht an jedem Paragraphen zum Aufklappen daneben — für 5 Paragraphen liegt sie noch nicht vor.