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Das Wichtigste in Kürze
Geben Sie eine Tat als Stichwort ein oder beschreiben Sie in ganzen Sätzen, was passiert ist. Zu jeder Tat erhalten Sie die Paragraphen des kalifornischen Gesetzes mit Fundstelle zum Kopieren und den Strafrahmen.
Hinzugefügte Taten bilden den Fall; daraus entsteht die Liste der geltenden Paragraphen.
1Tat suchen
Schreiben Sie in eigenen Worten, was passiert ist. Ganze Sätze sind richtig; steckt mehr als eine Tat darin, werden sie getrennt. Ein Stichwort geht genauso — „Raub“, „Einbruch“, „211“.
Zum Beispiel
- „Ich hab ein Auto geklaut und bin dann vor der Polizei abgehauen“
- „Ich bin besoffen gefahren“
- „Einbruch in ein Haus, dabei was mitgenommen“
- „Ich hab jemanden geschlagen“
- „Nach dem Unfall bin ich abgehauen“
Oft gesucht
1383 Taten (aus 1430 Paragraphen) · Seite 45 von 116
Stufe steht nicht im Gesetz
Hehlerei mit gestohlener öffentlicher Infrastruktur
Wer im Schrotthandel, Recycling oder Metallhandel tätig ist und Gegenstände besitzt, die einer Behörde, Gemeinde, einem Zweckverband oder einem privaten Versorger gehören oder gehörten und die gestohlen oder durch Diebstahl oder Erpressung erlangt wurden, macht sich strafbar, wenn er das weiß oder den Besitz nicht wie vorgeschrieben meldet. Erfasst sind unter anderem Hydranten und deren Teile, Feuerwehranschlüsse mit Bronze- und Messingteilen, Schachtdeckel sowie Rückflussverhinderer und deren Anschlüsse.
Strafe
bis $5.000 (nur Geldstrafe genannt)
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 496e — Hehlerei mit gestohlener öffentlicher InfrastrukturWortlautzu
Wer im Schrotthandel, Recycling oder Metallhandel tätig ist und Gegenstände besitzt, die einer Behörde, Gemeinde, einem Zweckverband oder einem privaten Versorger gehören oder gehörten und die gestohlen oder durch Diebstahl oder Erpressung erlangt wurden, macht sich strafbar, wenn er das weiß oder den Besitz nicht wie vorgeschrieben meldet. Erfasst sind unter anderem Hydranten und deren Teile, Feuerwehranschlüsse mit Bronze- und Messingteilen, Schachtdeckel sowie Rückflussverhinderer und deren Anschlüsse.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Zusätzlich zu jeder anderen gesetzlich vorgesehenen Strafe eine Geldstrafe bis zu 5.000 US-Dollar.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(b) A person who violates subdivision (a) shall, in addition to any other penalty provided by law, be subject to a criminal fine of not more than five thousand dollars ($5,000).
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Any person who is engaged in the salvage, recycling, purchase, or sale of scrap metal and who possesses any of the following items that were owned or previously owned by any public agency, city, county, city and county, special district, or private utility that have been stolen or obtained in any manner constituting theft or extortion, knowing the property to be so stolen or obtained, or fails to report possession of the items pursuant to Section 21609.1 of the Business and Professions Code, is guilty of a crime: (1) A fire hydrant or any reasonably recognizable part of that hydrant. (2) Any fire department connection, including, but not limited to, reasonably recognizable bronze or brass fittings and parts. (3) Maintenance hole covers or lids, or any reasonably recognizable part of those maintenance hole covers and lids. (4) Backflow devices and connections to that device, or any part of that device. (5) Reasonably recognizable street lights, traffic signals, and their reasonably recognizable related equipment, including, but not limited to, all of the following: (A) Controller devices. (B) Light-emitting diode (LED) fixtures. (C) Ornamental or historical, modern, or pedestrian poles made of concrete, steel, brass, cast iron, or aluminum. (D) Solar street lighting components, such as solar panels, steel poles, and battery packs. (E) Colocation equipment. (F) Conductors, wiring, and cabling, including fiber optic cables. (G) Cameras. (H) Air quality sensors. (I) Digital banners and signs. (J) Pedestrian and cycling counters. (6) Active grade crossing signals. (7) Sewer flow monitoring station equipment. (8) Sewer pump station instrumentation and controls. (9) Stormwater auto sampling equipment and instrumentation. (10) Stormwater pump station instrumentation and controls. (11) Irrigation wiring. (12) Plaques. (13) Communications or broadband infrastructure or equipment. (14) Electric vehicle chargers. (15) Water meters and water meter components. (b) A person who violates subdivision (a) shall, in addition to any other penalty provided by law, be subject to a criminal fine of not more than five thousand dollars ($5,000).
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $5.000
Besitz von Diebesgut aus Fahrzeugaufbrüchen
Wer unrechtmäßig Sachen besitzt, die aus Fahrzeugdiebstählen, Fahrzeugaufbrüchen oder Fahrzeugmanipulationen stammen, begeht Kfz-Sachenhehlerei zum Weiterverkauf, auch wenn er die Tat nicht selbst begangen hat. Voraussetzung ist, dass er die Sachen nicht für den Eigengebrauch besitzt, sondern verkaufen oder tauschen will oder dabei mit anderen zusammenwirkt, und dass ihr Wert 950 US-Dollar übersteigt. Für die Wertermittlung dürfen mehrere Posten zusammengerechnet werden.
Strafe
bis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 496.5 — Besitz von Diebesgut aus FahrzeugaufbrüchenWortlautzu
Wer unrechtmäßig Sachen besitzt, die aus Fahrzeugdiebstählen, Fahrzeugaufbrüchen oder Fahrzeugmanipulationen stammen, begeht Kfz-Sachenhehlerei zum Weiterverkauf, auch wenn er die Tat nicht selbst begangen hat. Voraussetzung ist, dass er die Sachen nicht für den Eigengebrauch besitzt, sondern verkaufen oder tauschen will oder dabei mit anderen zusammenwirkt, und dass ihr Wert 950 US-Dollar übersteigt. Für die Wertermittlung dürfen mehrere Posten zusammengerechnet werden.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(c) A violation of subdivision (a) is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for up to one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) A person who unlawfully possesses property that was acquired through one or more acts of theft from a vehicle, unlawful entry of a vehicle, burglary of a locked vehicle, or vehicle tampering as defined in Section 10852 of the Vehicle Code, whether or not the person committed the act of theft, burglary, or vehicle tampering, is guilty of automotive property theft for resale when both of the following apply: (1) The property is not possessed for personal use and the person has the intent to sell or exchange the property for value, or the intent to act in concert with one or more persons to sell or exchange the property for value. (2) The value of the possessed property exceeds nine hundred fifty dollars ($950). For purposes of determining the value of the property, the property described in paragraph (1) can be considered in the aggregate with any of the following: (A) Any other such property possessed by the person with such intent within the last two years. (B) Any property possessed by another person acting in concert with the first person to sell or exchange the property for value, when that property was acquired through one or more acts of theft from a vehicle, unlawful entry of a vehicle, burglary of a locked vehicle, or vehicle tampering as defined in Section 10852 of the Vehicle Code, regardless of the identity of the person committing the acts of theft, burglary, or vehicle tampering. (b) For the purpose of determining, in any proceeding, whether the defendant had the intent to sell or exchange the property for value, the trier of fact may consider any competent evidence, including, but not limited to, the following: (1) Whether the defendant has in the past two years sold or exchanged for value any property acquired through theft from a vehicle, burglary of a locked vehicle, or vehicle tampering as defined in Section 10852 of the Vehicle Code, or through any related offenses, including any conduct that occurred in other jurisdictions, if relevant to demonstrate a fact other than the defendant’s disposition to commit the act, as provided by subdivision (b) of Section 1101 of the Evidence Code. (2) Whether the property involved in the offense is of a type or quantity that would not normally be purchased for personal use or consumption, including use or consumption by one’s immediate family. (c) A violation of subdivision (a) is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for up to one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170. (d) This section does not preclude or prohibit prosecution under any other law.
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1
Besitz von Diebesgut aus dem Einzelhandel
Wer unrechtmäßig Ware besitzt, die aus Ladendiebstahl, Diebstahl oder Einbruch in ein Einzelhandelsgeschäft stammt, begeht die rechtswidrige Schädigung eines Einzelhandelsgeschäfts, auch wenn er die Tat nicht selbst begangen hat. Voraussetzung ist, dass er die Ware nicht für den Eigengebrauch besitzt, sondern verkaufen, tauschen oder gegen Erstattung zurückgeben will oder dabei mit anderen zusammenwirkt, und dass ihr Wert 950 US-Dollar übersteigt. Für die Wertermittlung dürfen mehrere Posten zusammengerechnet werden.
Strafe
bis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 496.6 — Besitz von Diebesgut aus dem EinzelhandelWortlautzu
Wer unrechtmäßig Ware besitzt, die aus Ladendiebstahl, Diebstahl oder Einbruch in ein Einzelhandelsgeschäft stammt, begeht die rechtswidrige Schädigung eines Einzelhandelsgeschäfts, auch wenn er die Tat nicht selbst begangen hat. Voraussetzung ist, dass er die Ware nicht für den Eigengebrauch besitzt, sondern verkaufen, tauschen oder gegen Erstattung zurückgeben will oder dabei mit anderen zusammenwirkt, und dass ihr Wert 950 US-Dollar übersteigt. Für die Wertermittlung dürfen mehrere Posten zusammengerechnet werden.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(c) The criminal deprivation of a retail business opportunity is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for up to one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Any person who possesses property unlawfully that was acquired through one or more acts of shoplifting, theft, or burglary from a retail business, whether or not the person committed the act of shoplifting, theft, or burglary, is guilty of the unlawful deprivation of a retail business opportunity when both of the following apply: (1) The property is not possessed for personal use and the person has the intent to sell, exchange, or return the merchandise for value, or the intent to act in concert with one or more persons to sell, exchange, or return the merchandise for value. (2) The value of the possessed property exceeds nine hundred fifty dollars ($950). For purposes of determining the value of the property, the property described in paragraph (1) can be considered in the aggregate with either of the following: (A) Any other such property possessed by the person with such intent within the prior two years. (B) Any property possessed by another person acting in concert with the first person to sell, exchange, or return the merchandise for value, when such property was acquired through one or more acts of shoplifting, theft, or burglary from a retail business, regardless of the identity of the person committing the act of shoplifting, theft, or burglary. (b) For the purpose of determining in any proceeding whether the defendant has the intent to sell, exchange, or return the merchandise for value, the trier of fact may consider any competent evidence, including, but not limited to, the following: (1) Whether the defendant has in the prior two years sold, exchanged, or returned for value merchandise acquired through shoplifting, theft, or burglary from a retail business, or through any related offense, including any conduct that occurred in other jurisdictions, if relevant to demonstrate a fact other than the defendant’s disposition to commit the act, as provided by subdivision (b) of Section 1101 of the Evidence Code. (2) The property involved in the offense is of a type or quantity that would not normally be purchased for personal use or consumption, including use or consumption by one’s immediate family. (c) The criminal deprivation of a retail business opportunity is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for up to one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1
Diebstahl von Strom, Gas und Wasser
Strafbar macht sich, wer Strom, Gas oder Wasser ohne Zustimmung des Versorgers umleitet, den Zähler oder andere Messeinrichtungen manipuliert, damit sie falsch oder gar nicht messen, Anlagen des Versorgers beschädigt oder unbefugt daran anschließt oder wieder anschließt. Ebenso strafbar ist, die so erlangten Leistungen zu nutzen, wenn man von der Manipulation weiß oder Anlass hat, sie anzunehmen. Werden auf dem Grundstück des Kunden entsprechende Geräte oder manipulierte Zähler gefunden, darf daraus auf den Vorsatz geschlossen werden.
Strafe
bis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 498 — Diebstahl von Strom, Gas und WasserWortlautzu
Strafbar macht sich, wer Strom, Gas oder Wasser ohne Zustimmung des Versorgers umleitet, den Zähler oder andere Messeinrichtungen manipuliert, damit sie falsch oder gar nicht messen, Anlagen des Versorgers beschädigt oder unbefugt daran anschließt oder wieder anschließt. Ebenso strafbar ist, die so erlangten Leistungen zu nutzen, wenn man von der Manipulation weiß oder Anlass hat, sie anzunehmen. Werden auf dem Grundstück des Kunden entsprechende Geräte oder manipulierte Zähler gefunden, darf daraus auf den Vorsatz geschlossen werden.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Vergehen (misdemeanor). Übersteigt der Wert der erlangten Leistungen 950 US-Dollar oder liegt eine einschlägige Vorverurteilung vor: Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder im Staatsgefängnis.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
guilty of a misdemeanor
(d) If the value of all utility services obtained in violation of this section totals more than nine hundred fifty dollars ($950) or if the defendant has previously been convicted of an offense under this section or any former section which would be an offense under this section, or of an offense under the laws of another state or of the United States which would have been an offense under this section if committed in this state, then the violation is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, or in the state prison.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) The following definitions govern the construction of this section: (1) “Person” means any individual, or any partnership, firm, association, corporation, limited liability company, or other legal entity. (2) “Utility” means any electrical, gas, or water corporation as those terms are defined in the Public Utilities Code, and electrical, gas, or water systems operated by any political subdivision. (3) “Customer” means the person in whose name utility service is provided. (4) “Utility service” means the provision of electricity, gas, water, or any other service provided by the utility for compensation. (5) “Divert” means to change the intended course or path of electricity, gas, or water without the authorization or consent of the utility. (6) “Tamper” means to rearrange, injure, alter, interfere with, or otherwise prevent from performing a normal or customary function. (7) “Reconnection” means the reconnection of utility service by a customer or other person after service has been lawfully disconnected by the utility. (b) Any person who, with intent to obtain for himself or herself utility services without paying the full lawful charge therefor, or with intent to enable another person to do so, or with intent to deprive any utility of any part of the full lawful charge for utility services it provides, commits, authorizes, solicits, aids, or abets any of the following shall be guilty of a misdemeanor: (1) Diverts or causes to be diverted utility services, by any means. (2) Prevents any utility meter, or other device used in determining the charge for utility services, from accurately performing its measuring function by tampering or by any other means. (3) Tampers with any property owned by or used by the utility to provide utility services. (4) Makes or causes to be made any connection with or reconnection with property owned or used by the utility to provide utility services without the authorization or consent of the utility. (5) Uses or receives the direct benefit of all or a portion of utility services with knowledge or reason to believe that the diversion, tampering, or unauthorized connection existed at the time of that use, or that the use or receipt was otherwise without the authorization or consent of the utility. (c) In any prosecution under this section, the presence of any of the following objects, circumstances, or conditions on premises controlled by the customer or by the person using or receiving the direct benefit of all or a portion of utility services obtained in violation of this section shall permit an inference that the customer or person intended to and did violate this section: (1) Any instrument, apparatus, or device primarily designed to be used to obtain utility services without paying the full lawful charge therefor. (2) Any meter that has been altered, tampered with, or bypassed so as to cause no measurement or inaccurate measurement of utility services. (d) If the value of all utility services obtained in violation of this section totals more than nine hundred fifty dollars ($950) or if the defendant has previously been convicted of an offense under this section or any former section which would be an offense under this section, or of an offense under the laws of another state or of the United States which would have been an offense under this section if committed in this state, then the violation is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, or in the state prison. (e) This section shall not be construed to preclude the applicability of any other provision of the criminal law of this state.
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1
Strafschärfung bei wiederholtem Fahrzeugmissbrauch
Wer wegen unbefugter Fahrzeugbenutzung oder Fahrzeugdiebstahls verurteilt war, dafür in Haft saß oder als Bewährungsauflage inhaftiert war, und danach erneut wegen unbefugter Benutzung eines Fahrzeugs oder Boots (§ 499b) verurteilt wird, erhält eine erhöhte Strafe. Dasselbe gilt für jemanden, der bereits zweimal oder öfter in getrennten Verfahren wegen § 499b in Bezug auf Fahrzeuge oder Boote verurteilt und mindestens einmal inhaftiert war.
Strafe
normalerweise 2 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
16 Monate·2 Jahre·3 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „16 Monate · 2 Jahre · 3 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „16 months, two, or three years“
Cal. Penal Code § 499 — Strafschärfung bei wiederholtem FahrzeugmissbrauchWortlautzu
Wer wegen unbefugter Fahrzeugbenutzung oder Fahrzeugdiebstahls verurteilt war, dafür in Haft saß oder als Bewährungsauflage inhaftiert war, und danach erneut wegen unbefugter Benutzung eines Fahrzeugs oder Boots (§ 499b) verurteilt wird, erhält eine erhöhte Strafe. Dasselbe gilt für jemanden, der bereits zweimal oder öfter in getrennten Verfahren wegen § 499b in Bezug auf Fahrzeuge oder Boote verurteilt und mindestens einmal inhaftiert war.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder im Staatsgefängnis von 16 Monaten, zwei oder drei Jahren.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) Any person who, having been convicted of a previous violation of Section 10851 of the Vehicle Code, or of subdivision (d) of Section 487, involving a vehicle or vessel, and having served a term therefor in any penal institution or having been imprisoned therein as a condition of probation for the offense, is subsequently convicted of a violation of Section 499b, involving a vehicle or vessel, is punishable for the subsequent offense by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year or the state prison for 16 months, two, or three years.
(b) Any person convicted of a violation of Section 499b, who has been previously convicted under charges separately brought and tried two or more times of a violation of Section 499b, all such violations involving a vehicle or vessel, and who has been imprisoned therefore as a condition of probation or otherwise at least once, is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year or in the state prison for 16 months, two, or three years.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Any person who, having been convicted of a previous violation of Section 10851 of the Vehicle Code, or of subdivision (d) of Section 487, involving a vehicle or vessel, and having served a term therefor in any penal institution or having been imprisoned therein as a condition of probation for the offense, is subsequently convicted of a violation of Section 499b, involving a vehicle or vessel, is punishable for the subsequent offense by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year or the state prison for 16 months, two, or three years. (b) Any person convicted of a violation of Section 499b, who has been previously convicted under charges separately brought and tried two or more times of a violation of Section 499b, all such violations involving a vehicle or vessel, and who has been imprisoned therefore as a condition of probation or otherwise at least once, is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year or in the state prison for 16 months, two, or three years. (c) This section shall become operative on January 1, 1997.
: Bewährung
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1
Unbefugte Benutzung von Fahrrädern und Booten
Wer ohne Erlaubnis des Eigentümers ein Fahrrad nimmt, um es vorübergehend zu benutzen, macht sich strafbar. Dasselbe gilt für die vorübergehende Benutzung eines fremden Wasserfahrzeugs. Anders als beim Diebstahl fehlt hier die Absicht, die Sache dauerhaft zu behalten.
Strafe
bis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe bis $1.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 499b — Unbefugte Benutzung von Fahrrädern und BootenWortlautzu
Wer ohne Erlaubnis des Eigentümers ein Fahrrad nimmt, um es vorübergehend zu benutzen, macht sich strafbar. Dasselbe gilt für die vorübergehende Benutzung eines fremden Wasserfahrzeugs. Anders als beim Diebstahl fehlt hier die Absicht, die Sache dauerhaft zu behalten.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Fahrrad: Geldstrafe bis zu 400 US-Dollar oder Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu drei Monaten oder beides. Wasserfahrzeug: Geldstrafe bis zu 1.000 US-Dollar oder Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder beides.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) Any person who shall, without the permission of the owner thereof, take any bicycle for the purpose of temporarily using or operating the same, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be punishable by a fine not exceeding four hundred dollars ($400), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding three months, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(b) Any person who shall, without the permission of the owner thereof, take any vessel for the purpose of temporarily using or operating the same, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Any person who shall, without the permission of the owner thereof, take any bicycle for the purpose of temporarily using or operating the same, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be punishable by a fine not exceeding four hundred dollars ($400), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding three months, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (b) Any person who shall, without the permission of the owner thereof, take any vessel for the purpose of temporarily using or operating the same, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $1.000
Diebstahl von Betriebsgeheimnissen
Wer ein Betriebsgeheimnis stiehlt, wegnimmt oder unbefugt nutzt, es sich betrügerisch aneignet, sich unbefugt Zugang verschafft und es kopiert oder es aus einem Vertrauensverhältnis heraus pflichtwidrig kopiert, begeht Diebstahl. Voraussetzung ist die Absicht, dem Inhaber die Verfügung zu entziehen oder das Geheimnis für sich oder andere zu verwenden. Ebenso strafbar ist, gegenwärtigen oder früheren Beschäftigten eines anderen einen Vorteil als Anreiz, Bestechung oder Belohnung für die Weitergabe zu versprechen, anzubieten oder zu geben. Dass die Unterlage zurückgegeben wurde oder werden sollte, ist keine Entschuldigung.
Strafe
bis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe bis $5.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 499c — Diebstahl von BetriebsgeheimnissenWortlautzu
Wer ein Betriebsgeheimnis stiehlt, wegnimmt oder unbefugt nutzt, es sich betrügerisch aneignet, sich unbefugt Zugang verschafft und es kopiert oder es aus einem Vertrauensverhältnis heraus pflichtwidrig kopiert, begeht Diebstahl. Voraussetzung ist die Absicht, dem Inhaber die Verfügung zu entziehen oder das Geheimnis für sich oder andere zu verwenden. Ebenso strafbar ist, gegenwärtigen oder früheren Beschäftigten eines anderen einen Vorteil als Anreiz, Bestechung oder Belohnung für die Weitergabe zu versprechen, anzubieten oder zu geben. Dass die Unterlage zurückgegeben wurde oder werden sollte, ist keine Entschuldigung.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(c) Every person who promises, offers or gives, or conspires to promise or offer to give, to any present or former agent, employee or servant of another, a benefit as an inducement, bribe or reward for conveying, delivering or otherwise making available an article representing a trade secret owned by his or her present or former principal, employer or master, to any person not authorized by the owner to receive or acquire the trade secret and every present or former agent, employee, or servant, who solicits, accepts, receives or takes a benefit as an inducement, bribe or reward for conveying, delivering or otherwise making available an article representing a trade secret owned by his or her present or former principal, employer or master, to any person not authorized by the owner to receive or acquire the trade secret, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) As used in this section: (1) “Access” means to approach, a way or means of approaching, nearing, admittance to, including to instruct, communicate with, store information in, or retrieve information from a computer system or computer network. (2) “Article” means any object, material, device, or substance or copy thereof, including any writing, record, recording, drawing, sample, specimen, prototype, model, photograph, micro-organism, blueprint, map, or tangible representation of a computer program or information, including both human and computer readable information and information while in transit. (3) “Benefit” means gain or advantage, or anything regarded by the beneficiary as gain or advantage, including benefit to any other person or entity in whose welfare he or she is interested. (4) “Computer system” means a machine or collection of machines, one or more of which contain computer programs and information, that performs functions, including, but not limited to, logic, arithmetic, information storage and retrieval, communications, and control. (5) “Computer network” means an interconnection of two or more computer systems. (6) “Computer program” means an ordered set of instructions or statements, and related information that, when automatically executed in actual or modified form in a computer system, causes it to perform specified functions. (7) “Copy” means any facsimile, replica, photograph or other reproduction of an article, and any note, drawing or sketch made of or from an article. (8) “Representing” means describing, depicting, containing, constituting, reflecting or recording. (9) “Trade secret” means information, including a formula, pattern, compilation, program, device, method, technique, or process, that: (A) Derives independent economic value, actual or potential, from not being generally known to the public or to other persons who can obtain economic value from its disclosure or use; and (B) Is the subject of efforts that are reasonable under the circumstances to maintain its secrecy. (b) Every person is guilty of theft who, with intent to deprive or withhold the control of a trade secret from its owner, or with an intent to appropriate a trade secret to his or her own use or to the use of another, does any of the following: (1) Steals, takes, carries away, or uses without authorization, a trade secret. (2) Fraudulently appropriates any article representing a trade secret entrusted to him or her. (3) Having unlawfully obtained access to the article, without authority makes or causes to be made a copy of any article representing a trade secret. (4) Having obtained access to the article through a relationship of trust and confidence, without authority and in breach of the obligations created by that relationship, makes or causes to be made, directly from and in the presence of the article, a copy of any article representing a trade secret. (c) Every person who promises, offers or gives, or conspires to promise or offer to give, to any present or former agent, employee or servant of another, a benefit as an inducement, bribe or reward for conveying, delivering or otherwise making available an article representing a trade secret owned by his or her present or former principal, employer or master, to any person not authorized by the owner to receive or acquire the trade secret and every present or former agent, employee, or servant, who solicits, accepts, receives or takes a benefit as an inducement, bribe or reward for conveying, delivering or otherwise making available an article representing a trade secret owned by his or her present or former principal, employer or master, to any person not authorized by the owner to receive or acquire the trade secret, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (d) In a prosecution for a violation of this section, it shall be no defense that the person returned or intended to return the article.
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $5.000
Unbefugte Benutzung von Luftfahrzeugen
Wer ein fremdes Luftfahrzeug ohne Zustimmung des Eigentümers führt oder wegnimmt, um ihm dauerhaft oder vorübergehend das Eigentum oder den Besitz zu entziehen, macht sich strafbar; auf eine Zueignungsabsicht kommt es nicht an. Ebenso strafbar sind Beteiligte, Gehilfen und Mittäter.
Strafe
bis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe bis $10.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 499d — Unbefugte Benutzung von LuftfahrzeugenWortlautzu
Wer ein fremdes Luftfahrzeug ohne Zustimmung des Eigentümers führt oder wegnimmt, um ihm dauerhaft oder vorübergehend das Eigentum oder den Besitz zu entziehen, macht sich strafbar; auf eine Zueignungsabsicht kommt es nicht an. Ebenso strafbar sind Beteiligte, Gehilfen und Mittäter.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h oder Geldstrafe bis zu 10.000 US-Dollar oder Geld- und Freiheitsstrafe zusammen.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Any person who operates or takes an aircraft not his own, without the consent of the owner thereof, and with intent to either permanently or temporarily deprive the owner thereof of his title to or possession of such vehicle, whether with or without intent to steal the same, or any person who is a party or accessory to or an accomplice in any operation or unauthorized taking or stealing is guilty of a felony, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Any person who operates or takes an aircraft not his own, without the consent of the owner thereof, and with intent to either permanently or temporarily deprive the owner thereof of his title to or possession of such vehicle, whether with or without intent to steal the same, or any person who is a party or accessory to or an accomplice in any operation or unauthorized taking or stealing is guilty of a felony, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $10.000
Nichtweiterleitung von Auslandsüberweisungen
Wer Geld annimmt, um es ins Ausland zu überweisen, muss es innerhalb von zehn Tagen weiterleiten, innerhalb von zehn Tagen eine entsprechende Anweisung zugunsten des benannten Empfängers erteilen oder es dem Kunden nach schriftlicher Aufforderung innerhalb von zehn Tagen zurückzahlen. Wer keine dieser Handlungen vornimmt und auch keine abweichende Weisung des Kunden hat, macht sich strafbar.
Strafe
normalerweise 2 Jahre Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe bis $10.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
16 Monate·2 Jahre·3 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „16 Monate · 2 Jahre · 3 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „16 months, two, or three years“
Cal. Penal Code § 500 — Nichtweiterleitung von AuslandsüberweisungenWortlautzu
Wer Geld annimmt, um es ins Ausland zu überweisen, muss es innerhalb von zehn Tagen weiterleiten, innerhalb von zehn Tagen eine entsprechende Anweisung zugunsten des benannten Empfängers erteilen oder es dem Kunden nach schriftlicher Aufforderung innerhalb von zehn Tagen zurückzahlen. Wer keine dieser Handlungen vornimmt und auch keine abweichende Weisung des Kunden hat, macht sich strafbar.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Bei einem Betrag unter 950 US-Dollar: Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Geldstrafe bis zu 1.000 US-Dollar oder beides. Ab 950 US-Dollar, auch bei Zusammenrechnung mehrerer Kunden im Rahmen eines gemeinsamen Plans: Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h von 16 Monaten, zwei oder drei Jahren.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
guilty of a misdemeanor
(b) (1) If the total value of the funds received from the customer is less than nine hundred fifty dollars ($950), the offense set forth in subdivision (a) is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.
(2) If the total value of the money received from the customer is nine hundred fifty dollars ($950) or more, or if the total value of all moneys received by the person from different customers is nine hundred fifty dollars ($950) or more, and the receipts were part of a common scheme or plan, the offense set forth in subdivision (a) is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, two, or three years, by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Any person who receives money for the actual or purported purpose of transmitting the same or its equivalent to foreign countries as specified in Section 1800.5 of the Financial Code who fails to do at least one of the following acts unless otherwise instructed by the customer is guilty of a misdemeanor or felony as set forth in subdivision (b): (1) Forward the money as represented to the customer within 10 days of receipt of the funds. (2) Give instructions within 10 days of receipt of the customer’s funds, committing equivalent funds to the person designated by the customer. (3) Refund to the customer any money not forwarded as represented within 10 days of the customer’s written request for a refund pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 1810.5 of the Financial Code. (b) (1) If the total value of the funds received from the customer is less than nine hundred fifty dollars ($950), the offense set forth in subdivision (a) is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine. (2) If the total value of the money received from the customer is nine hundred fifty dollars ($950) or more, or if the total value of all moneys received by the person from different customers is nine hundred fifty dollars ($950) or more, and the receipts were part of a common scheme or plan, the offense set forth in subdivision (a) is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, two, or three years, by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $10.000
Computerkriminalität und unbefugter Datenzugriff
Die Vorschrift stellt eine Reihe von Angriffen auf Computer, Netze und Daten unter Strafe. Dazu zählen der unbefugte Zugriff mit Betrugs- oder Erpressungsabsicht, das unbefugte Kopieren oder Nutzen von Daten, die unbefugte Nutzung von Rechenleistung, das Verändern und Löschen von Daten und Programmen, das Lahmlegen von Diensten, das Einschleusen von Schadprogrammen, der Missbrauch fremder Domains oder Profile beim Versand von Nachrichten sowie Angriffe auf Regierungs- und Sicherheitsinfrastruktur. Die Strafe hängt davon ab, welche der aufgeführten Handlungen begangen wurde, ob jemand verletzt wurde und wie hoch der Schaden ist.
Strafe
normalerweise 2 Jahre Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe bis $10.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
16 Monate·2 Jahre·3 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „16 Monate · 2 Jahre · 3 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „16 months, or two or three years“
Cal. Penal Code § 502 — Computerkriminalität und unbefugter DatenzugriffWortlautzu
Die Vorschrift stellt eine Reihe von Angriffen auf Computer, Netze und Daten unter Strafe. Dazu zählen der unbefugte Zugriff mit Betrugs- oder Erpressungsabsicht, das unbefugte Kopieren oder Nutzen von Daten, die unbefugte Nutzung von Rechenleistung, das Verändern und Löschen von Daten und Programmen, das Lahmlegen von Diensten, das Einschleusen von Schadprogrammen, der Missbrauch fremder Domains oder Profile beim Versand von Nachrichten sowie Angriffe auf Regierungs- und Sicherheitsinfrastruktur. Die Strafe hängt davon ab, welche der aufgeführten Handlungen begangen wurde, ob jemand verletzt wurde und wie hoch der Schaden ist.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Für die schwersten Handlungen (Nummern 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11 und 12): Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h von 16 Monaten, zwei oder drei Jahren und Geldstrafe bis zu 10.000 US-Dollar oder als Vergehen Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr, Geldstrafe bis zu 5.000 US-Dollar oder beides. Für die unbefugte Nutzung von Rechendiensten: beim ersten Verstoß ohne Verletzung und bis 950 US-Dollar Geldstrafe bis zu 5.000 US-Dollar oder bis zu einem Jahr Bezirksgefängnis oder beides; bei Schaden über 5.000 US-Dollar, bei Verletzung oder im Wiederholungsfall Geldstrafe bis zu 10.000 US-Dollar oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h von 16 Monaten, zwei oder drei Jahren. Für den bloßen unbefugten Zugriff: beim ersten Mal ohne Verletzung Ordnungswidrigkeit mit Geldstrafe bis zu 1.000 US-Dollar, sonst gestaffelt bis zu 10.000 US-Dollar Geldstrafe oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h. Für das Einschleusen von Schadprogrammen: beim ersten Mal ohne Verletzung Vergehen mit Geldstrafe bis zu 5.000 US-Dollar oder bis zu einem Jahr Bezirksgefängnis oder beidem, sonst höher.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(d) (1) Any person who violates any of the provisions of paragraph (1), (2), (4), (5), (10), (11), or (12) of subdivision (c) is guilty of a felony, punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years and a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(A) For the first violation that does not result in injury, and where the value of the computer services used does not exceed nine hundred fifty dollars ($950), by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
($950), or for any second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years, or by both that fine and imprisonment, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(B) For any violation that results in a victim expenditure in an amount not greater than five thousand dollars ($5,000), or for a second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(C) For any violation that results in a victim expenditure in an amount greater than five thousand dollars ($5,000), by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years, or by both that fine and imprisonment, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(A) For a first violation that does not result in injury, a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(B) For any violation that results in injury, or for a second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(B) For any violation that results in injury, or for a second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(A) For a first violation that does not result in injury, an infraction punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000).
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this section to expand the degree of protection afforded to individuals, businesses, and governmental agencies from tampering, interference, damage, and unauthorized access to lawfully created computer data and computer systems. The Legislature finds and declares that the proliferation of computer technology has resulted in a concomitant proliferation of computer crime and other forms of unauthorized access to computers, computer systems, and computer data. The Legislature further finds and declares that protection of the integrity of all types and forms of lawfully created computers, computer systems, and computer data is vital to the protection of the privacy of individuals as well as to the well-being of financial institutions, business concerns, governmental agencies, and others within this state that lawfully utilize those computers, computer systems, and data. (b) For the purposes of this section, the following terms have the following meanings: (1) “Access” means to gain entry to, instruct, cause input to, cause output from, cause data processing with, or communicate with, the logical, arithmetical, or memory function resources of a computer, computer system, or computer network. (2) “Computer network” means any system that provides communications between one or more computer systems and input/output devices, including, but not limited to, display terminals, remote systems, mobile devices, and printers connected by telecommunication facilities. (3) “Computer program or software” means a set of instructions or statements, and related data, that when executed in actual or modified form, cause a computer, computer system, or computer network to perform specified functions. (4) “Computer services” includes, but is not limited to, computer time, data processing, or storage functions, internet services, electronic mail services, electronic message services, or other uses of a computer, computer system, or computer network. (5) “Computer system” means a device or collection of devices, including support devices and excluding calculators that are not programmable and capable of being used in conjunction with external files, one or more of which contain computer programs, electronic instructions, input data, and output data, that performs functions, including, but not limited to, logic, arithmetic, data storage and retrieval, communication, and control. A “computer system” includes, without limitation, any such device or system that is located within, connected to, or otherwise integrated with, any motor vehicle as defined in Section 415 of the Vehicle Code. (6) “Government computer system” means any computer system, or part thereof, that is owned, operated, or used by any federal, state, or local governmental entity. (7) “Public safety infrastructure computer system” means any computer system, or part thereof, that is necessary for the health and safety of the public including computer systems owned, operated, or used by drinking water and wastewater treatment facilities, hospitals, emergency service providers, telecommunication companies, and gas and electric utility companies. (8) “Data” means a representation of information, knowledge, facts, concepts, computer software, or computer programs or instructions. Data may be in any form, in storage media, or as stored in the memory of the computer or in transit or presented on a display device. (9) “Supporting documentation” includes, but is not limited to, all information, in any form, pertaining to the design, construction, classification, implementation, use, or modification of a computer, computer system, computer network, computer program, or computer software, which information is not generally available to the public and is necessary for the operation of a computer, computer system, computer network, computer program, or computer software. (10) “Injury” means any alteration, deletion, damage, or destruction of a computer system, computer network, computer program, or data caused by the access, or the denial of access to legitimate users of a computer system, network, or program. (11) “Victim expenditure” means any expenditure reasonably and necessarily incurred by the owner or lessee to verify that a computer system, computer network, computer program, or data was or was not altered, deleted, damaged, or destroyed by the access. (12) “Computer contaminant” means any set of computer instructions that are designed to modify, damage, destroy, record, or transmit information within a computer, computer system, or computer network without the intent or permission of the owner of the information. They include, but are not limited to, a group of computer instructions commonly called viruses or worms, that are self-replicating or self-propagating and are designed to contaminate other computer programs or computer data, consume computer resources, modify, destroy, record, or transmit data, or in some other fashion usurp the normal operation of the computer, computer system, or computer network. (13) “Internet domain name” means a globally unique, hierarchical reference to an internet host or service, assigned through centralized internet naming authorities, comprising a series of character strings separated by periods, with the rightmost character string specifying the top of the hierarchy. (14) “Electronic mail” means an electronic message or computer file that is transmitted between two or more telecommunications devices; computers; computer networks, regardless of whether the network is a local, regional, or global network; or electronic devices capable of receiving electronic messages, regardless of whether the message is converted to hard copy format after receipt, viewed upon transmission, or stored for later retrieval. (15) “Profile” means either of the following: (A) A configuration of user data required by a computer so that the user may access programs or services and have the desired functionality on that computer. (B) An Internet website user’s personal page or section of a page that is made up of data, in text or graphical form, that displays significant, unique, or identifying information, including, but not limited to, listing acquaintances, interests, associations, activities, or personal statements. (c) Except as provided in subdivision (h), any person who commits any of the following acts is guilty of a public offense: (1) Knowingly accesses and without permission alters, damages, deletes, destroys, or otherwise uses any data, computer, computer system, or computer network in order to either (A) devise or execute any scheme or artifice to defraud, deceive, or extort, or (B) wrongfully control or obtain money, property, or data. (2) Knowingly accesses and without permission takes, copies, or makes use of any data from a computer, computer system, or computer network, or takes or copies any supporting documentation, whether existing or residing internal or external to a computer, computer system, or computer network. (3) Knowingly and without permission uses or causes to be used computer services. (4) Knowingly accesses and without permission adds, alters, damages, deletes, or destroys any data, computer software, or computer programs which reside or exist internal or external to a computer, computer system, or computer network. (5) Knowingly and without permission disrupts or causes the disruption of computer services or denies or causes the denial of computer services to an authorized user of a computer, computer system, or computer network. (6) Knowingly and without permission provides or assists in providing a means of accessing a computer, computer system, or computer network in violation of this section. (7) Knowingly and without permission accesses or causes to be accessed any computer, computer system, or computer network. (8) Knowingly introduces any computer contaminant into any computer, computer system, or computer network. (9) Knowingly and without permission uses the internet domain name or profile of another individual, corporation, or entity in connection with the sending of one or more electronic mail messages or posts and thereby damages or causes damage to a computer, computer data, computer system, or computer network. (10) Knowingly and without permission disrupts or causes the disruption of government computer services or denies or causes the denial of government computer services to an authorized user of a government computer, computer system, or computer network. (11) Knowingly accesses and without permission adds, alters, damages, deletes, or destroys any data, computer software, or computer programs which reside or exist internal or external to a public safety infrastructure computer system computer, computer system, or computer network. (12) Knowingly and without permission disrupts or causes the disruption of public safety infrastructure computer system computer services or denies or causes the denial of computer services to an authorized user of a public safety infrastructure computer system computer, computer system, or computer network. (13) Knowingly and without permission provides or assists in providing a means of accessing a computer, computer system, or public safety infrastructure computer system computer, computer system, or computer network in violation of this section. (14) Knowingly introduces any computer contaminant into any public safety infrastructure computer system computer, computer system, or computer network. (d) (1) Any person who violates any of the provisions of paragraph (1), (2), (4), (5), (10), (11), or (12) of subdivision (c) is guilty of a felony, punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years and a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (2) Any person who violates paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) is punishable as follows: (A) For the first violation that does not result in injury, and where the value of the computer services used does not exceed nine hundred fifty dollars ($950), by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (B) For any violation that results in a victim expenditure in an amount greater than five thousand dollars ($5,000) or in an injury, or if the value of the computer services used exceeds nine hundred fifty dollars ($950), or for any second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years, or by both that fine and imprisonment, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (3) Any person who violates paragraph (6), (7), or (13) of subdivision (c) is punishable as follows: (A) For a first violation that does not result in injury, an infraction punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000). (B) For any violation that results in a victim expenditure in an amount not greater than five thousand dollars ($5,000), or for a second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (C) For any violation that results in a victim expenditure in an amount greater than five thousand dollars ($5,000), by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years, or by both that fine and imprisonment, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (4) Any person who violates paragraph (8) or (14) of subdivision (c) is punishable as follows: (A) For a first violation that does not result in injury, a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (B) For any violation that results in injury, or for a second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (5) Any person who violates paragraph (9) of subdivision (c) is punishable as follows: (A) For a first violation that does not result in injury, an infraction punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000). (B) For any violation that results in injury, or for a second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (e) (1) In addition to any other civil remedy available, the owner or lessee of the computer, computer system, computer network, computer program, or data who suffers damage or loss by reason of a violation of any of the provisions of subdivision (c) may bring a civil action against the violator for compensatory damages and injunctive relief or other equitable relief. Compensatory damages shall include any expenditure reasonably and necessarily incurred by the owner or lessee to verify that a computer system, computer network, computer program, or data was or was not altered, damaged, or deleted by the access. For the purposes of actions authorized by this subdivision, the conduct of an unemancipated minor shall be imputed to the parent or legal guardian having control or custody of the minor, pursuant to the provisions of Section 1714.1 of the Civil Code. (2) In any action brought pursuant to this subdivision the court may award reasonable attorney’s fees. (3) A community college, state university, or academic institution accredited in this state is required to include computer-related crimes as a specific violation of college or university student conduct policies and regulations that may subject a student to disciplinary sanctions up to and including dismissal from the academic institution. This paragraph shall not apply to the University of California unless the Board of Regents adopts a resolution to that effect. (4) In any action brought pursuant to this subdivision for a willful violation of the provisions of subdivision (c), where it is proved by clear and convincing evidence that a defendant has been guilty of oppression, fraud, or malice as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 3294 of the Civil Code, the court may additionally award punitive or exemplary damages. (5) No action may be brought pursuant to this subdivision unless it is initiated within three years of the date of the act complained of, or the date of the discovery of the damage, whichever is later. (f) This section shall not be construed to preclude the applicability of any other provision of the criminal law of this state which applies or may apply to any transaction, nor shall it make illegal any employee labor relations activities that are within the scope and protection of state or federal labor laws. (g) Any computer, computer system, computer network, or any software or data, owned by the defendant, that is used during the commission of any public offense described in subdivision (c) or any computer, owned by the defendant, which is used as a repository for the storage of software or data illegally obtained in violation of subdivision (c) shall be subject to forfeiture, as specified in Section 502.01. (h) (1) Subdivision (c) does not apply to punish any acts which are committed by a person within the scope of lawful employment. For purposes of this section, a person acts within the scope of employment when the person performs acts which are reasonably necessary to the performance of their work assignment. (2) Paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) does not apply to penalize any acts committed by a person acting outside of their lawful employment, provided that the employee’s activities do not cause an injury, to the employer or another, or provided that the value of supplies or computer services which are used does not exceed an accumulated total of two hundred fifty dollars ($250). (i) No activity exempted from prosecution under paragraph (2) of subdivision (h) which incidentally violates paragraph (2), (4), or (7) of subdivision (c) shall be prosecuted under those paragraphs. (j) For purposes of bringing a civil or a criminal action under this section, a person who causes, by any means, the access of a computer, computer system, or computer network in one jurisdiction from another jurisdiction is deemed to have personally accessed the computer, computer system, or computer network in each jurisdiction. (k) In determining the terms and conditions applicable to a person convicted of a violation of this section the court shall consider the following: (1) The court shall consider prohibitions on access to and use of computers. (2) Except as otherwise required by law, the court shall consider alternate sentencing, including community service, if the defendant shows remorse and recognition of the wrongdoing, and an inclination not to repeat the offense.
: Gemeinnützige Arbeit · Einziehung
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $10.000
Skimming von Zahlungskarten
Wer wissentlich und in Betrugsabsicht ein Lesegerät besitzt oder damit die auf dem Magnetstreifen einer Zahlungskarte gespeicherten Daten ausliest, speichert oder sich merkt, ohne Erlaubnis des berechtigten Karteninhabers, macht sich strafbar. Ebenso strafbar ist der Besitz oder Einsatz eines Kodiergeräts, mit dem solche Daten auf einen Magnetstreifen oder ein anderes Medium geschrieben werden. Die Geräte können beschlagnahmt und als Tatmittel vernichtet werden.
Strafe
bis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe bis $1.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 502.6 — Skimming von ZahlungskartenWortlautzu
Wer wissentlich und in Betrugsabsicht ein Lesegerät besitzt oder damit die auf dem Magnetstreifen einer Zahlungskarte gespeicherten Daten ausliest, speichert oder sich merkt, ohne Erlaubnis des berechtigten Karteninhabers, macht sich strafbar. Ebenso strafbar ist der Besitz oder Einsatz eines Kodiergeräts, mit dem solche Daten auf einen Magnetstreifen oder ein anderes Medium geschrieben werden. Die Geräte können beschlagnahmt und als Tatmittel vernichtet werden.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Geldstrafe von 1.000 US-Dollar oder beides.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) Any person who knowingly, willfully, and with the intent to defraud, possesses a scanning device, or who knowingly, willfully, and with intent to defraud, uses a scanning device to access, read, obtain, memorize or store, temporarily or permanently, information encoded on the magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card without the permission of the authorized user of the payment card is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a term in a county jail not to exceed one year, or a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000), or both the imprisonment and fine.
(b) Any person who knowingly, willfully, and with the intent to defraud, possesses a reencoder, or who knowingly, willfully, and with intent to defraud, uses a reencoder to place encoded information on the magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card or any electronic medium that allows an authorized transaction to occur, without the permission of the authorized user of the payment card from which the information is being reencoded is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a term in a county jail not to exceed one year, or a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000), or both the imprisonment and fine.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Any person who knowingly, willfully, and with the intent to defraud, possesses a scanning device, or who knowingly, willfully, and with intent to defraud, uses a scanning device to access, read, obtain, memorize or store, temporarily or permanently, information encoded on the magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card without the permission of the authorized user of the payment card is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a term in a county jail not to exceed one year, or a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000), or both the imprisonment and fine. (b) Any person who knowingly, willfully, and with the intent to defraud, possesses a reencoder, or who knowingly, willfully, and with intent to defraud, uses a reencoder to place encoded information on the magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card or any electronic medium that allows an authorized transaction to occur, without the permission of the authorized user of the payment card from which the information is being reencoded is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a term in a county jail not to exceed one year, or a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000), or both the imprisonment and fine. (c) Any scanning device or reencoder described in subdivision (e) owned by the defendant and possessed or used in violation of subdivision (a) or (b) may be seized and be destroyed as contraband by the sheriff of the county in which the scanning device or reencoder was seized. (d) Any computer, computer system, computer network, or any software or data, owned by the defendant, which is used during the commission of any public offense described in this section or any computer, owned by the defendant, which is used as a repository for the storage of software or data illegally obtained in violation of this section shall be subject to forfeiture. (e) As used in this section, the following definitions apply: (1) “Scanning device” means a scanner, reader, or any other electronic device that is used to access, read, scan, obtain, memorize, or store, temporarily or permanently, information encoded on the magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card. (2) “Reencoder” means an electronic device that places encoded information from the magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card on to the magnetic strip or stripe of a different payment card. (3) “Payment card” means a credit card, debit card, or any other card that is issued to an authorized user and that allows the user to obtain, purchase, or receive goods, services, money, or anything else of value. (f) Nothing in this section shall preclude prosecution under any other provision of law.
: Einziehung
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $1.000
Erschleichen von Telefonleistungen
Wer wissentlich und in Betrugsabsicht die Entgelte für Telefon- oder Telegrafendienste ganz oder teilweise umgeht oder dies versucht oder anderen dabei hilft, macht sich strafbar. Erfasst sind unter anderem das Abrechnen über fremde, nicht existierende, gesperrte oder widerrufene Anschluss- und Kartennummern, Codes und Absprachen sowie das technische Manipulieren von Leitungen und Geräten. Ebenso strafbar ist, solche Nummern zu veröffentlichen oder gegen Entgelt anderen die eigene Karte zum Betrug zu überlassen.
Strafe
Im Gesetz nicht beziffert – Wortlaut unter „Mehr dazu“
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 502.7 — Erschleichen von TelefonleistungenWortlautzu
Wer wissentlich und in Betrugsabsicht die Entgelte für Telefon- oder Telegrafendienste ganz oder teilweise umgeht oder dies versucht oder anderen dabei hilft, macht sich strafbar. Erfasst sind unter anderem das Abrechnen über fremde, nicht existierende, gesperrte oder widerrufene Anschluss- und Kartennummern, Codes und Absprachen sowie das technische Manipulieren von Leitungen und Geräten. Ebenso strafbar ist, solche Nummern zu veröffentlichen oder gegen Entgelt anderen die eigene Karte zum Betrug zu überlassen.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Vergehen (misdemeanor) oder Verbrechen (felony); bei einer Vorverurteilung wegen Leistungserschleichung nach dieser Vorschrift innerhalb der letzten fünf Jahre stets Verbrechen. Der Paragraf selbst nennt kein Strafmaß. Geschädigte haben Anspruch auf Ersatz der umgangenen Entgelte.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
guilty of a misdemeanor
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Any person who, knowingly, willfully, and with intent to defraud a person providing telephone or telegraph service, avoids or attempts to avoid, or aids, abets or causes another to avoid the lawful charge, in whole or in part, for telephone or telegraph service by any of the following means is guilty of a misdemeanor or a felony, except as provided in subdivision (g): (1) By charging the service to an existing telephone number or credit card number without the authority of the subscriber thereto or the lawful holder thereof. (2) By charging the service to a nonexistent telephone number or credit card number, or to a number associated with telephone service which is suspended or terminated, or to a revoked or canceled (as distinguished from expired) credit card number, notice of the suspension, termination, revocation, or cancellation of the telephone service or credit card having been given to the subscriber thereto or the holder thereof. (3) By use of a code, prearranged scheme, or other similar stratagem or device whereby the person, in effect, sends or receives information. (4) By rearranging, tampering with, or making connection with telephone or telegraph facilities or equipment, whether physically, electrically, acoustically, inductively, or otherwise, or by using telephone or telegraph service with knowledge or reason to believe that the rearrangement, tampering, or connection existed at the time of the use. (5) By using any other deception, false pretense, trick, scheme, device, conspiracy, or means, including the fraudulent use of false, altered, or stolen identification. (b) Any person who does either of the following is guilty of a misdemeanor or a felony, except as provided in subdivision (g): (1) Makes, possesses, sells, gives, or otherwise transfers to another, or offers or advertises any instrument, apparatus, or device with intent to use it or with knowledge or reason to believe it is intended to be used to avoid any lawful telephone or telegraph toll charge or to conceal the existence or place of origin or destination of any telephone or telegraph message. (2) Sells, gives, or otherwise transfers to another or offers, or advertises plans or instructions for making or assembling an instrument, apparatus, or device described in paragraph (1) of this subdivision with knowledge or reason to believe that they may be used to make or assemble the instrument, apparatus, or device. (c) Any person who publishes the number or code of an existing, canceled, revoked, expired, or nonexistent credit card, or the numbering or coding which is employed in the issuance of credit cards, with the intent that it be used or with knowledge or reason to believe that it will be used to avoid the payment of any lawful telephone or telegraph toll charge is guilty of a misdemeanor. Subdivision (g) shall not apply to this subdivision. As used in this section, “publishes” means the communication of information to any one or more persons, either orally, in person or by telephone, radio, or television, or electronic means, including, but not limited to, a bulletin board system, or in a writing of any kind, including without limitation a letter or memorandum, circular or handbill, newspaper, or magazine article, or book. (d) Any person who is the issuee of a calling card, credit card, calling code, or any other means or device for the legal use of telecommunications services and who receives anything of value for knowingly allowing another person to use the means or device in order to fraudulently obtain telecommunications services is guilty of a misdemeanor or a felony, except as provided in subdivision (g). (e) Subdivision (a) applies when the telephone or telegraph communication involved either originates or terminates, or both originates and terminates, in this state, or when the charges for service would have been billable, in normal course, by a person providing telephone or telegraph service in this state, but for the fact that the charge for service was avoided, or attempted to be avoided, by one or more of the means set forth in subdivision (a). (f) Jurisdiction of an offense under this section is in the jurisdictional territory where the telephone call or telegram involved in the offense originates or where it terminates, or the jurisdictional territory to which the bill for the service is sent or would have been sent but for the fact that the service was obtained or attempted to be obtained by one or more of the means set forth in subdivision (a). (g) Theft of any telephone or telegraph services under this section by a person who has a prior misdemeanor or felony conviction for theft of services under this section within the past five years, is a felony. (h) Any person or telephone company defrauded by any acts prohibited under this section shall be entitled to restitution for the entire amount of the charges avoided from any person or persons convicted under this section. (i) Any instrument, apparatus, device, plans, instructions, or written publication described in subdivision (b) or (c) may be seized under warrant or incident to a lawful arrest, and, upon the conviction of a person for a violation of subdivision (a), (b), or (c), the instrument, apparatus, device, plans, instructions, or written publication may be destroyed as contraband by the sheriff of the county in which the person was convicted or turned over to the person providing telephone or telegraph service in the territory in which it was seized. (j) Any computer, computer system, computer network, or any software or data, owned by the defendant, which is used during the commission of any public offense described in this section or any computer, owned by the defendant, which is used as a repository for the storage of software or data illegally obtained in violation of this section shall be subject to forfeiture.
: Schadenswiedergutmachung · Einziehung
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1
2Der Fall
Noch nichts ausgewählt. Suchen Sie oben nach der Tat und tippen Sie „Hinzufügen“ — jede Tat einzeln, so oft, wie sie vorkam.
3Geltende Paragraphen
Sobald die erste Tat oben im Fall liegt, stehen hier die Paragraphen, die dafür gelten — jeder mit Fundstelle zum Kopieren.
Orientierung, keine verbindliche Auskunft — das letzte Wort hat das Gericht. Katalog: leginfo.legislature.ca.gov — California Penal Code, Stand 30.08.2026, 1430 Paragraphen. Verbindlich ist der englische Wortlaut; die deutsche Fassung ist eine Arbeitsübersetzung und steht an jedem Paragraphen zum Aufklappen daneben.