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102 Taten (aus 112 Paragraphen) · Seite 8 von 9

• Vergehennur im Gesetzestext

  Meldepflicht bei Verdacht auf Kindesmisshandlung

  Wer zu den gesetzlich bestimmten Meldepflichtigen gehört, etwa Ärzte, Lehrer, Erzieher oder Sozialarbeiter, muss eine Meldung erstatten, sobald er in beruflicher Eigenschaft von einer Misshandlung oder Vernachlässigung eines Kindes erfährt oder sie begründet vermutet. Zuerst ist sofort telefonisch zu melden, danach innerhalb von 36 Stunden schriftlich. „Begründeter Verdacht“ heisst, dass eine vernünftige Person in gleicher Lage aufgrund der Tatsachen einen solchen Verdacht hegen dürfte. Wer die Meldung unterlässt, macht sich strafbar.

  Strafe

  6 Monate Gefängnis!dazu Geldstrafe $1.000

  Cal. Penal Code § 11166Mehr dazuschließenHinzufügen

  Zitat kopieren

  Cal. Penal Code § 11166 — Meldepflicht bei Verdacht auf KindesmisshandlungWortlautzu

  Wer zu den gesetzlich bestimmten Meldepflichtigen gehört, etwa Ärzte, Lehrer, Erzieher oder Sozialarbeiter, muss eine Meldung erstatten, sobald er in beruflicher Eigenschaft von einer Misshandlung oder Vernachlässigung eines Kindes erfährt oder sie begründet vermutet. Zuerst ist sofort telefonisch zu melden, danach innerhalb von 36 Stunden schriftlich. „Begründeter Verdacht“ heisst, dass eine vernünftige Person in gleicher Lage aufgrund der Tatsachen einen solchen Verdacht hegen dürfte. Wer die Meldung unterlässt, macht sich strafbar.

  Strafe auf Deutsch — Arbeitsübersetzung

  Vergehen: Freiheitsstrafe bis zu sechs Monaten im Bezirksgefängnis oder Geldstrafe von 1.000 Dollar oder beides.

  Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)

  (c) A mandated reporter who fails to report an incident of known or reasonably suspected child abuse or neglect as required by this section is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by up to six months confinement in a county jail or by a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000) or by both that imprisonment and fine. If a mandated reporter intentionally conceals the mandated reporter’s failure to report an incident

  Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)

  (a) Except as provided in subdivision (d), and in Section 11166.05, a mandated reporter shall make a report to an agency specified in Section 11165.9 whenever the mandated reporter, in the mandated reporter’s professional capacity or within the scope of the mandated reporter’s employment, has knowledge of or observes a child whom the mandated reporter knows or reasonably suspects has been the victim of child abuse or neglect. The mandated reporter shall make an initial report by telephone to the agency immediately or as soon as is practicably possible, and shall prepare and send, fax, or electronically transmit a written followup report within 36 hours of receiving the information concerning the incident. The mandated reporter may include with the report any nonprivileged documentary evidence the mandated reporter possesses relating to the incident. (1) For purposes of this article, “reasonable suspicion” means that it is objectively reasonable for a person to entertain a suspicion, based upon facts that could cause a reasonable person in a like position, drawing, when appropriate, on the person’s training and experience, to suspect child abuse or neglect. “Reasonable suspicion” does not require certainty that child abuse or neglect has occurred nor does it require a specific medical indication of child abuse or neglect; any “reasonable suspicion” is sufficient. For purposes of this article, the pregnancy of a minor does not, in and of itself, constitute a basis for a reasonable suspicion of sexual abuse. (2) The agency shall be notified, and a report shall be prepared and sent by fax or electronic transmission, even if the child has expired, regardless of whether or not the possible abuse was a factor contributing to the death, and even if suspected child abuse was discovered during an autopsy. (3) A report made by a mandated reporter pursuant to this section shall be known as a mandated report. (b) If, after reasonable efforts, a mandated reporter is unable to submit an initial report by telephone, the mandated reporter shall immediately or as soon as is practicably possible, by fax or electronic transmission, make a one-time automated written report on the form prescribed by the Department of Justice, and shall also be available to respond to a telephone followup call by the agency with which the mandated reporter filed the report. A mandated reporter who files a one-time automated written report because the mandated reporter was unable to submit an initial report by telephone is not required to submit a written followup report. (1) The one-time automated written report form prescribed by the Department of Justice shall be clearly identifiable so that it is not mistaken for a standard written followup report. In addition, the automated one-time report shall contain a section that allows the mandated reporter to state the reason the initial telephone call was not able to be completed. The reason for the submission of the one-time automated written report in lieu of the procedure prescribed in subdivision (a) shall be captured in the statewide child welfare information system. The department shall work with stakeholders to modify reporting forms and the statewide child welfare information system as is necessary to accommodate the changes enacted by these provisions. (2) This subdivision shall not become operative until the statewide child welfare information system is updated to capture the information prescribed in this subdivision. (3) This subdivision shall become inoperative three years after this subdivision becomes operative or on January 1, 2009, whichever occurs first. (4) This section does not supersede the requirement that a mandated reporter first attempt to make a report via telephone, or that agencies specified in Section 11165.9 accept reports from mandated reporters and other persons as required. (c) A mandated reporter who fails to report an incident of known or reasonably suspected child abuse or neglect as required by this section is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by up to six months confinement in a county jail or by a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000) or by both that imprisonment and fine. If a mandated reporter intentionally conceals the mandated reporter’s failure to report an incident known by the mandated reporter to be abuse or severe neglect under this section, the failure to report is a continuing offense until an agency specified in Section 11165.9 discovers the offense. (d) (1) A clergy member who acquires knowledge or a reasonable suspicion of child abuse or neglect during a penitential communication is not subject to subdivision (a). For the purposes of this subdivision, “penitential communication” means a communication, intended to be in confidence, including, but not limited to, a sacramental confession, made to a clergy member who, in the course of the discipline or practice of the clergy member’s church, denomination, or organization, is authorized or accustomed to hear those communications, and under the discipline, tenets, customs, or practices of the clergy member’s church, denomination, or organization, has a duty to keep those communications secret. (2) This subdivision does not modify or limit a clergy member’s duty to report known or suspected child abuse or neglect when the clergy member is acting in some other capacity that would otherwise make the clergy member a mandated reporter. (3) (A) On or before January 1, 2004, a clergy member or any custodian of records for the clergy member may report to an agency specified in Section 11165.9 that the clergy member or any custodian of records for the clergy member, prior to January 1, 1997, in the clergy member’s professional capacity or within the scope of the clergy member’s employment, other than during a penitential communication, acquired knowledge or had a reasonable suspicion that a child had been the victim of sexual abuse and that the clergy member or any custodian of records for the clergy member did not previously report the abuse to an agency specified in Section 11165.9. The provisions of Section 11172 shall apply to all reports made pursuant to this paragraph. (B) This paragraph shall apply even if the victim of the known or suspected abuse has reached the age of majority by the time the required report is made. (C) The local law enforcement agency shall have jurisdiction to investigate any report of child abuse made pursuant to this paragraph even if the report is made after the victim has reached the age of majority. (e) (1) A commercial film, photographic print, or image processor who has knowledge of or observes, within the scope of that person’s professional capacity or employment, any film, photograph, videotape, negative, slide, or any representation of information, data, or an image, including, but not limited to, any film, filmstrip, photograph, negative, slide, photocopy, videotape, video laser disc, computer hardware, computer software, computer floppy disk, data storage medium, CD-ROM, computer-generated equipment, or computer-generated image depicting a child under 16 years of age engaged in an act of sexual conduct, shall, immediately or as soon as practicably possible, telephonically report the instance of reasonably suspected abuse to the law enforcement agency located in the county in which the images are seen. Within 36 hours of receiving the information concerning the incident, the reporter shall prepare and send, fax, or electronically transmit a written followup report of the incident with a copy of the image or material attached. (2) A commercial computer technician who has knowledge of or observes, within the scope of the technician’s professional capacity or employment, any representation of information, data, or an image, including, but not limited to, any computer hardware, computer software, computer file, computer floppy disk, data storage medium, CD-ROM, computer-generated equipment, or computer-generated image that is retrievable in perceivable form and that is intentionally saved, transmitted, or organized on an electronic medium, depicting a child under 16 years of age engaged in an act of sexual conduct, shall immediately, or as soon as practicably possible, telephonically report the instance of reasonably suspected abuse to the law enforcement agency located in the county in which the images or materials are seen. As soon as practicably possible after receiving the information concerning the incident, the reporter shall prepare and send, fax, or electronically transmit a written followup report of the incident with a brief description of the images or materials. (3) For purposes of this article, “commercial computer technician” includes an employee designated by an employer to receive reports pursuant to an established reporting process authorized by subparagraph (B) of paragraph (43) of subdivision (a) of Section 11165.7. (4) As used in this subdivision, “electronic medium” includes, but is not limited to, a recording, CD-ROM, magnetic disk memory, magnetic tape memory, CD, DVD, thumbdrive, or any other computer hardware or media. (5) As used in this subdivision, “sexual conduct” means any of the following: (A) Sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex or between humans and animals. (B) Penetration of the vagina or rectum by any object. (C) Masturbation for the purpose of sexual stimulation of the viewer. (D) Sadomasochistic abuse for the purpose of sexual stimulation of the viewer. (E) Exhibition of the genitals, pubic, or rectal areas of a person for the purpose of sexual stimulation of the viewer. (f) Any mandated reporter who knows or reasonably suspects that the home or institution in which a child resides is unsuitable for the child because of abuse or neglect of the child shall bring the condition to the attention of the agency to which, and at the same time as, the mandated reporter makes a report of the abuse or neglect pursuant to subdivision (a). (g) Any other person who has knowledge of or observes a child whom the person knows or reasonably suspects has been a victim of child abuse or neglect may report the known or suspected instance of child abuse or neglect to an agency specified in Section 11165.9. For purposes of this section, “any other person” includes a mandated reporter who acts in the person’s private capacity and not in the person’s professional capacity or within the scope of the person’s employment. (h) When two or more persons, who are required to report, jointly have knowledge of a known or reasonably suspected instance of child abuse or neglect, and when there is agreement among them, the telephone report may be made by a member of the team selected by mutual agreement and a single report may be made and signed by the selected member of the reporting team. Any member who has knowledge that the member designated to report has failed to do so shall thereafter make the report. (i) (1) The reporting duties under this section are individual, and no supervisor or administrator may impede or inhibit the reporting duties, and no person making a report shall be subject to any sanction for making the report. However, internal procedures to facilitate reporting and apprise supervisors and administrators of reports may be established provided that they are not inconsistent with this article. An internal policy shall not direct an employee to allow the employee’s supervisor to file or process a mandated report under any circumstances. (2) The internal procedures shall not require any employee required to make reports pursuant to this article to disclose the employee’s identity to the employer. (3) Reporting the information regarding knowledge of or reasonably suspected child abuse or neglect to an employer, supervisor, school principal, school counselor, coworker, or other person shall not be a substitute for making a mandated report to an agency specified in Section 11165.9. (j) (1) A county probation or welfare department shall immediately, or as soon as practicably possible, report by telephone, fax, or electronic transmission to the law enforcement agency having jurisdiction over the case, to the agency given the responsibility for investigation of cases under Section 300 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, and to the district attorney’s office every known or reasonably suspected instance of child abuse or neglect, as defined in Section 11165.6, except acts or omissions coming within subdivision (b) of Section 11165.2, or reports made pursuant to Section 11165.13 based on risk to a child that relates solely to the inability of the parent to provide the child with regular care due to the parent’s substance abuse, which shall be reported only to the county welfare or probation department. A county probation or welfare department also shall send by fax or electronic transmission a written report thereof within 36 hours of receiving the information concerning the incident to any agency to which it makes a telephone report under this subdivision. (2) A county probation or welfare department shall immediately, and in no case in more than 24 hours, report to the law enforcement agency having jurisdiction over the case after receiving information that a child or youth who is receiving child welfare services has been identified as the victim of commercial sexual exploitation, as defined in subdivision (d) of Section 11165.1. (3) (A) When a child or youth who is receiving child welfare services and who is reasonably believed to be the victim of, or is at risk of being the victim of, commercial sexual exploitation, as defined in Section 11165.1, is missing or has been abducted, the county probation or welfare department shall immediately, or in no case later than 24 hours from receipt of the information, report the incident to the appropriate law enforcement authority for entry into the National Crime Information Center database of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC). (B) The report submitted by the county probation or welfare department to law enforcement agencies and NCMEC shall include, where reasonably possible, all of the following: (i) A photo of the missing or abducted child or youth. (ii) A description of the child’s or youth’s physical features, such as height, weight, sex, ethnicity, race, hair color, and eye color. (iii) Endangerment information, such as the child’s or youth’s pregnancy status, prescription medications, suicidal tendencies, vulnerability to being sex trafficked, and other health or risk factors, to the extent such information is released in compliance with other applicable laws. (iv) Information about whether the child or youth is or may be an Indian child, as defined in Section 224.1 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, including the name of the child’s tribe. (C) For each child or youth described in this paragraph, the county probation or welfare department shall maintain regular communication with law enforcement agencies, including tribal law enforcement agencies in the case of an Indian child, and NCMEC in efforts to provide a safe recovery of the missing or abducted child or youth, including by sharing information pertaining to the child’s or youth’s recovery and circumstances related to the recovery. (k) A law enforcement agency shall immediately, or as soon as practicably possible, report by telephone, fax, or electronic transmission to the agency given responsibility for investigation of cases under Section 300 of the Welfare and Institutions Code and to the district attorney’s office every known or reasonably suspected instance of child abuse or neglect reported to it, except acts or omissions coming within subdivision (b) of Section 11165.2, which shall be reported only to the county welfare or probation department. A law enforcement agency shall report to the county welfare or probation department every known or reasonably suspected instance of child abuse or neglect reported to it that is alleged to have occurred as a result of the action of a person responsible for the child’s welfare, or as the result of the failure of a person responsible for the child’s welfare to adequately protect the minor from abuse when the person responsible for the child’s welfare knew or reasonably should have known that the minor was in danger of abuse. A law enforcement agency also shall send by fax or electronic transmission a written report thereof within 36 hours of receiving the information concerning the incident to any agency to which it makes a telephone report under this subdivision.

  Ermittlung und Bekämpfung von Straftaten und Straftätern · Teil 4 · Geldstrafe $1.000

  Kapitel bei leginfo.legislature.ca.gov

• Vergehennur im Gesetzestext

  Belehrungspflicht des Arbeitgebers über die Meldepflicht

  Meldepflichtige müssen vor Aufnahme ihrer Tätigkeit eine vom Arbeitgeber gestellte Erklärung unterschreiben, dass sie die Meldepflicht kennen und beachten werden. Der Arbeitgeber muss ihnen die einschlägigen Vorschriften aushändigen und sie über ihre Melde- und Vertraulichkeitsrechte belehren. Für gerichtlich bestellte Umgangsbegleiter gilt eine entsprechende Erklärung gegenüber dem Gericht vor dem ersten begleiteten Umgang.

  Strafe

  6 Monate Gefängnis!dazu Geldstrafe $1.000

  Cal. Penal Code § 11166.5Mehr dazuschließenHinzufügen

  Zitat kopieren

  Cal. Penal Code § 11166.5 — Belehrungspflicht des Arbeitgebers über die MeldepflichtWortlautzu

  Meldepflichtige müssen vor Aufnahme ihrer Tätigkeit eine vom Arbeitgeber gestellte Erklärung unterschreiben, dass sie die Meldepflicht kennen und beachten werden. Der Arbeitgeber muss ihnen die einschlägigen Vorschriften aushändigen und sie über ihre Melde- und Vertraulichkeitsrechte belehren. Für gerichtlich bestellte Umgangsbegleiter gilt eine entsprechende Erklärung gegenüber dem Gericht vor dem ersten begleiteten Umgang.

  Strafe auf Deutsch — Arbeitsübersetzung

  Die Erklärung muss den Hinweis enthalten, dass die Verletzung der Meldepflicht ein Vergehen ist, das mit Freiheitsstrafe bis zu sechs Monaten im Bezirksgefängnis oder Geldstrafe von 1.000 Dollar oder beidem geahndet wird.

  Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)

  (b) On and after January 1, 1986, when a person is issued a state license or certificate to engage in a profession or occupation, the members of which are required to make a report pursuant to Section 11166, the state agency issuing the license or certificate shall send a statement substantially similar to the one contained in subdivision (a) to the person at the same time as it transmits the document indicating licensure or certification to the person. In addition to the requirements contained in subdivision (a), the statement also shall indicate that failure to comply with the requirements of Section 11166 is a misdemeanor, punishable by up to six months in a county jail, by a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

  Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)

  (a) On and after January 1, 1985, any mandated reporter as specified in Section 11165.7, with the exception of child visitation monitors, prior to commencing his or her employment, and as a prerequisite to that employment, shall sign a statement on a form provided to him or her by his or her employer to the effect that he or she has knowledge of the provisions of Section 11166 and will comply with those provisions. The statement shall inform the employee that he or she is a mandated reporter and inform the employee of his or her reporting obligations under Section 11166 and of his or her confidentiality rights under subdivision (d) of Section 11167. The employer shall provide a copy of Sections 11165.7, 11166, and 11167 to the employee. On and after January 1, 1993, any person who acts as a child visitation monitor, as defined in paragraph (30) of subdivision (a) of Section 11165.7, prior to engaging in monitoring the first visit in a case, shall sign a statement on a form provided to him or her by the court which ordered the presence of that third person during the visit, to the effect that he or she has knowledge of the provisions of Section 11166 and will comply with those provisions. The signed statements shall be retained by the employer or the court, as the case may be. The cost of printing, distribution, and filing of these statements shall be borne by the employer or the court. This subdivision is not applicable to persons employed by public or private youth centers, youth recreation programs, and youth organizations as members of the support staff or maintenance staff and who do not work with, observe, or have knowledge of children as part of their official duties. (b) On and after January 1, 1986, when a person is issued a state license or certificate to engage in a profession or occupation, the members of which are required to make a report pursuant to Section 11166, the state agency issuing the license or certificate shall send a statement substantially similar to the one contained in subdivision (a) to the person at the same time as it transmits the document indicating licensure or certification to the person. In addition to the requirements contained in subdivision (a), the statement also shall indicate that failure to comply with the requirements of Section 11166 is a misdemeanor, punishable by up to six months in a county jail, by a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine. (c) As an alternative to the procedure required by subdivision (b), a state agency may cause the required statement to be printed on all application forms for a license or certificate printed on or after January 1, 1986. (d) On and after January 1, 1993, any child visitation monitor, as defined in paragraph (30) of subdivision (a) of Section 11165.7, who desires to act in that capacity shall have received training in the duties imposed by this article, including training in child abuse identification and child abuse reporting. The person, prior to engaging in monitoring the first visit in a case, shall sign a statement on a form provided to him or her by the court which ordered the presence of that third person during the visit, to the effect that he or she has received this training. This statement may be included in the statement required by subdivision (a) or it may be a separate statement. This statement shall be filed, along with the statement required by subdivision (a), in the court file of the case for which the visitation monitoring is being provided. (e) Any person providing services to a minor child, as described in paragraph (37) of subdivision (a) of Section 11165.7, shall not be required to make a report pursuant to Section 11166 unless that person has received training, or instructional materials in the appropriate language, on the duties imposed by this article, including identifying and reporting child abuse and neglect.

  Ermittlung und Bekämpfung von Straftaten und Straftätern · Teil 4 · Geldstrafe $1.000

  Kapitel bei leginfo.legislature.ca.gov

• Verbrechennur im Gesetzestext

  Massenvernichtungswaffen: Besitz, Herstellung und Einsatz

  Strafbar ist, wer ohne gesetzliche Befugnis eine Massenvernichtungswaffe besitzt, entwickelt, herstellt, produziert, weitergibt, erwirbt oder zurückbehält. Deutlich schwerer wiegt der Einsatz gegen Menschen; führt er zum Tod, ist lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe ohne Möglichkeit der bedingten Entlassung vorgesehen. Eigene Strafrahmen gelten für den Einsatz gegen die Lebensmittelversorgung oder Trinkwasserquellen. Wer bereits wegen einer der aufgeführten verwandten Taten verurteilt ist, wird schärfer bestraft.

  Strafe · Besitz, Entwicklung, Herstellung, Weitergab…

  normalerweise 8 Jahre Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe $100.000 – $250.000+ 4 weitere Fälle

  Cal. Penal Code § 11418Mehr dazuschließenHinzufügen

  Die 5 Strafrahmen im Gesetz

  Besitz, Entwicklung, Herstellung, Weitergab…4·8·12 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger

  Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „4 · 8 · 12 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.

  • Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
  • Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss über jeden vernünftigen Zweifel hinaus bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
  • Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.

  Im Gesetz: „4, 8, or 12 years“

  Fall 25·10·15 Jahreweniger

  Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „5 · 10 · 15 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.

  • Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
  • Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss über jeden vernünftigen Zweifel hinaus bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
  • Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.

  Im Gesetz: „5, 10, or 15 years“

  Einsatz gegen die Lebensmittelversorgung od…5·8·12 Jahreweniger

  Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „5 · 8 · 12 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.

  • Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
  • Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss über jeden vernünftigen Zweifel hinaus bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
  • Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.

  Im Gesetz: „5, 8, or 12 years“

  Fall 43·4·6 Jahreweniger

  Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „3 · 4 · 6 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.

  • Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
  • Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss über jeden vernünftigen Zweifel hinaus bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
  • Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.

  Im Gesetz: „three, four, or six years“

  Fall 53·6·9 Jahreweniger

  Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „3 · 6 · 9 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.

  • Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
  • Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss über jeden vernünftigen Zweifel hinaus bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
  • Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.

  Im Gesetz: „three, six, or nine years“

  Zitat kopieren

  Cal. Penal Code § 11418 — Massenvernichtungswaffen: Besitz, Herstellung und EinsatzWortlautzu

  Strafbar ist, wer ohne gesetzliche Befugnis eine Massenvernichtungswaffe besitzt, entwickelt, herstellt, produziert, weitergibt, erwirbt oder zurückbehält. Deutlich schwerer wiegt der Einsatz gegen Menschen; führt er zum Tod, ist lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe ohne Möglichkeit der bedingten Entlassung vorgesehen. Eigene Strafrahmen gelten für den Einsatz gegen die Lebensmittelversorgung oder Trinkwasserquellen. Wer bereits wegen einer der aufgeführten verwandten Taten verurteilt ist, wird schärfer bestraft.

  Strafe auf Deutsch — Arbeitsübersetzung

  Besitz, Entwicklung, Herstellung, Weitergabe, Erwerb oder Zurückbehaltung: Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170(h) von 4, 8 oder 12 Jahren; bei einschlägiger Vorverurteilung 5, 10 oder 15 Jahre. Einsatz gegen einen Menschen in einer Form, die eine weit verbreitete, schwer beeinträchtigende Erkrankung oder Verletzung verursachen kann: lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis. Einsatz mit Todesfolge: lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe ohne Möglichkeit der bedingten Entlassung. Einsatz gegen die Lebensmittelversorgung oder eine Trinkwasserquelle: Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis von 5, 8 oder 12 Jahren und Geldstrafe.

  Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)

  (a) (1) Any person, without lawful authority, who possesses, develops, manufactures, produces, transfers, acquires, or retains any weapon of mass destruction, shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 4, 8, or 12 years. (2) Any person who commits a violation of paragraph (1) and who has been previously convicted of Section 11411, 11412, 11413, 11418, 11418.1, 11418.5, 11419, 11460, 18715, 18725, or 18740 shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 5, 10, or 15 years. (b) (1) Any person who uses or directly employs against another person a weapon of mass destruction in a form that may cause widespread, disabling illness or injury in human beings shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life. (2) Any person who uses or directly employs against another person a weapon of mass destruction in a form that may cause widespread great bodily injury or death and causes the death of any human being shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole. Nothing in this paragraph shall prevent punishment instead under Section 190.2.

  Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)

  (a) (1) Any person, without lawful authority, who possesses, develops, manufactures, produces, transfers, acquires, or retains any weapon of mass destruction, shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 4, 8, or 12 years. (2) Any person who commits a violation of paragraph (1) and who has been previously convicted of Section 11411, 11412, 11413, 11418, 11418.1, 11418.5, 11419, 11460, 18715, 18725, or 18740 shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 5, 10, or 15 years. (b) (1) Any person who uses or directly employs against another person a weapon of mass destruction in a form that may cause widespread, disabling illness or injury in human beings shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life. (2) Any person who uses or directly employs against another person a weapon of mass destruction in a form that may cause widespread great bodily injury or death and causes the death of any human being shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole. Nothing in this paragraph shall prevent punishment instead under Section 190.2. (3) Any person who uses a weapon of mass destruction in a form that may cause widespread damage to or disruption of the food supply or “source of drinking water” as defined in subdivision (d) of Section 25249.11 of the Health and Safety Code shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for 5, 8, or 12 years and by a fine of not more than one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000). (4) Any person who maliciously uses against animals, crops, or seed and seed stock, a weapon of mass destruction in a form that may cause widespread damage to or substantial diminution in the value of stock animals or crops, including seeds used for crops or product of the crops, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for 4, 8, or 12 years and by a fine of not more than one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000). (c) Any person who uses a weapon of mass destruction in a form that may cause widespread and significant damage to public natural resources, including coastal waterways and beaches, public parkland, surface waters, ground water, and wildlife, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for three, four, or six years. (d) (1) Any person who uses recombinant technology or any other biological advance to create new pathogens or more virulent forms of existing pathogens for use in any crime described in subdivision (b) shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for 4, 8, or 12 years and by a fine of not more than two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($250,000). (2) Any person who uses recombinant technology or any other biological advance to create new pathogens or more virulent forms of existing pathogens for use in any crime described in subdivision (c) shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for three, six, or nine years and by a fine of not more than two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($250,000). (e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent punishment instead pursuant to any other provision of law that imposes a greater or more severe punishment.

  Ermittlung und Bekämpfung von Straftaten und Straftätern · Teil 4 · Geldstrafe $100.000 – $250.000

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• Verbrechennur im Gesetzestext

  Strafschärfung für Schusswaffengebrauch bei schweren Verbrechen (10-20-Lebenslang)

  Diese Vorschrift gilt für schwere Verbrechen wie Mord, schwere Verstümmelung, Entführung, Raub, Autoraub, Vergewaltigung und sexuellen Missbrauch von Kindern. Wer dabei persönlich eine Schusswaffe einsetzt, erhält zehn Jahre zusätzlich; die Waffe muss weder geladen noch funktionsfähig sein. Wer persönlich und absichtlich schiesst, erhält 20 Jahre zusätzlich. Verursacht der Schuss einer anderen Person als einem Mittäter eine schwere Körperverletzung oder den Tod, kommt die höchste Zusatzstrafe hinzu.

  Strafe

  10 Jahre Gefängnis!

  Cal. Penal Code § 12022.53Mehr dazuschließenHinzufügen

  Zitat kopieren

  Cal. Penal Code § 12022.53 — Strafschärfung für Schusswaffengebrauch bei schweren Verbrechen (10-20-Lebenslang)Wortlautzu

  Diese Vorschrift gilt für schwere Verbrechen wie Mord, schwere Verstümmelung, Entführung, Raub, Autoraub, Vergewaltigung und sexuellen Missbrauch von Kindern. Wer dabei persönlich eine Schusswaffe einsetzt, erhält zehn Jahre zusätzlich; die Waffe muss weder geladen noch funktionsfähig sein. Wer persönlich und absichtlich schiesst, erhält 20 Jahre zusätzlich. Verursacht der Schuss einer anderen Person als einem Mittäter eine schwere Körperverletzung oder den Tod, kommt die höchste Zusatzstrafe hinzu.

  Strafe auf Deutsch — Arbeitsübersetzung

  Zusätzlich und nacheinander bei den in Abs. a genannten Verbrechen (u. a. Mord, Raub, Carjacking, Entführung): persönlicher Einsatz einer Schusswaffe 10 Jahre (Abs. b); vorsätzliche Schussabgabe 20 Jahre (Abs. c); Schussabgabe mit schwerer Körperverletzung oder Tod 25 Jahre bis lebenslang (Abs. d).

  Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)

  (b) Notwithstanding any other law, a person who, in the commission of a felony specified in subdivision (a), personally uses a firearm, shall be punished by an additional and consecutive term of imprisonment in the state prison for 10 years. The firearm need not be operable or loaded for this enhancement to apply.

  (c) Notwithstanding any other law, a person who, in the commission of a felony specified in subdivision (a), personally and intentionally discharges a firearm, shall be punished by an additional and consecutive term of imprisonment in the state prison for 20 years.

  (d) Notwithstanding any other law, a person who, in the commission of a felony specified in subdivision (a), Section 246, or subdivision (c) or (d) of Section 26100, personally and intentionally discharges a firearm and proximately causes great bodily injury, as defined in Section 12022.7, or death, to a person other than an accomplice, shall be punished by an additional and consecutive term of imprisonment in the state prison for 25 years to life.

  Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)

  (a) This section applies to the following felonies: (1) Section 187 (murder). (2) Section 203 or 205 (mayhem). (3) Section 207, 209, or 209.5 (kidnapping). (4) Section 211 (robbery). (5) Section 215 (carjacking). (6) Section 220 (assault with intent to commit a specified felony). (7) Subdivision (d) of Section 245 (assault with a firearm on a peace officer or firefighter). (8) Section 261 or former Section 262 (rape). (9) Section 264.1 (rape or sexual penetration in concert). (10) Section 286 (sodomy). (11) Section 287 or former Section 288a (oral copulation). (12) Section 288 or 288.5 (lewd act on a child). (13) Section 289 (sexual penetration). (14) Section 4500 (assault by a life prisoner). (15) Section 4501 (assault by a prisoner). (16) Section 4503 (holding a hostage by a prisoner). (17) Any felony punishable by death or imprisonment in the state prison for life. (18) Any attempt to commit a crime listed in this subdivision other than an assault. (b) Notwithstanding any other law, a person who, in the commission of a felony specified in subdivision (a), personally uses a firearm, shall be punished by an additional and consecutive term of imprisonment in the state prison for 10 years. The firearm need not be operable or loaded for this enhancement to apply. (c) Notwithstanding any other law, a person who, in the commission of a felony specified in subdivision (a), personally and intentionally discharges a firearm, shall be punished by an additional and consecutive term of imprisonment in the state prison for 20 years. (d) Notwithstanding any other law, a person who, in the commission of a felony specified in subdivision (a), Section 246, or subdivision (c) or (d) of Section 26100, personally and intentionally discharges a firearm and proximately causes great bodily injury, as defined in Section 12022.7, or death, to a person other than an accomplice, shall be punished by an additional and consecutive term of imprisonment in the state prison for 25 years to life. (e) (1) The enhancements provided in this section shall apply to any person who is a principal in the commission of an offense if both of the following are pled and proved: (A) The person violated subdivision (b) of Section 186.22. (B) Any principal in the offense committed any act specified in subdivision (b), (c), or (d). (2) An enhancement for participation in a criminal street gang pursuant to Chapter 11 (commencing with Section 186.20) of Title 7 of Part 1 shall not be imposed on a person in addition to an enhancement imposed pursuant to this subdivision, unless the person personally used or personally discharged a firearm in the commission of the offense. (f) Only one additional term of imprisonment under this section shall be imposed per person for each crime. If more than one enhancement per person is found true under this section, the court shall impose upon that person the enhancement that provides the longest term of imprisonment. An enhancement involving a firearm specified in Section 12021.5, 12022, 12022.3, 12022.4, 12022.5, or 12022.55 shall not be imposed on a person in addition to an enhancement imposed pursuant to this section. An enhancement for great bodily injury as defined in Section 12022.7, 12022.8, or 12022.9 shall not be imposed on a person in addition to an enhancement imposed pursuant to subdivision (d). (g) Notwithstanding any other law, probation shall not be granted to, nor shall the execution or imposition of sentence be suspended for, a person found to come within the provisions of this section. (h) The court may, in the interest of justice pursuant to Section 1385 and at the time of sentencing, strike or dismiss an enhancement otherwise required to be imposed by this section. The authority provided by this subdivision applies to any resentencing that may occur pursuant to any other law. (i) The total amount of credits awarded pursuant to Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 2930) of Chapter 7 of Title 1 of Part 3 or pursuant to Section 4019 or any other law shall not exceed 15 percent of the total term of imprisonment imposed on a defendant upon whom a sentence is imposed pursuant to this section. (j) For the penalties in this section to apply, the existence of any fact required under subdivision (b), (c), or (d) shall be alleged in the accusatory pleading and either admitted by the defendant in open court or found to be true by the trier of fact. When an enhancement specified in this section has been admitted or found to be true, the court shall impose punishment for that enhancement pursuant to this section rather than imposing punishment authorized under any other law, unless another enhancement provides for a greater penalty or a longer term of imprisonment. (k) When a person is found to have used or discharged a firearm in the commission of an offense that includes an allegation pursuant to this section and the firearm is owned by that person, a coparticipant, or a coconspirator, the court shall order that the firearm be deemed a nuisance and disposed of in the manner provided in Sections 18000 and 18005. (l) The enhancements specified in this section shall not apply to the lawful use or discharge of a firearm by a public officer, as provided in Section 196, or by any person in lawful self-defense, lawful defense of another, or lawful defense of property, as provided in Sections 197, 198, and 198.5.

  • Grundfall Abs. b (10 Jahre). Abs. c 20 Jahre, Abs. d 25 bis lebenslang.

  Nebenfolgen: Bewährung

  Strafschärfungen · Teil 4

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• Verbrechennur im Gesetzestext

  Strafschärfung bei Kindesmisshandlung mit Todesfolge

  Wer wegen Kindesmisshandlung nach § 273a verurteilt wird, weil er unter Umständen, die eine schwere Schädigung oder den Tod erwarten liessen, ein Kind vorsätzlich hat leiden lassen oder ihm ungerechtfertigte Schmerzen oder Verletzungen zugefügt hat, und das Kind dadurch stirbt, erhält für jeden Verstoss eine Zusatzstrafe. Dasselbe gilt für Aufsichtspflichtige, die eine tödliche Schädigung des Kindes zulassen.

  Zuschlag, keine eigene Tat. Der Wert kommt voll auf die Strafe einer anderen Tat obendrauf — die Tat gehört also mit in den Fall, sonst gibt es nichts, worauf er kommt.

  Zuschlag

  4 Jahre Gefängnis!

  Cal. Penal Code § 12022.95Mehr dazuschließenHinzufügen

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  Cal. Penal Code § 12022.95 — Strafschärfung bei Kindesmisshandlung mit TodesfolgeWortlautzu

  Wer wegen Kindesmisshandlung nach § 273a verurteilt wird, weil er unter Umständen, die eine schwere Schädigung oder den Tod erwarten liessen, ein Kind vorsätzlich hat leiden lassen oder ihm ungerechtfertigte Schmerzen oder Verletzungen zugefügt hat, und das Kind dadurch stirbt, erhält für jeden Verstoss eine Zusatzstrafe. Dasselbe gilt für Aufsichtspflichtige, die eine tödliche Schädigung des Kindes zulassen.

  Strafe auf Deutsch — Arbeitsübersetzung

  Zusätzliche Freiheitsstrafe von vier Jahren je Verstoss.

  Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)

  Any person convicted of a violation of Section 273a, who under circumstances or conditions likely to produce great bodily harm or death, willfully causes or permits any child to suffer, or inflicts thereon unjustifiable physical pain or injury that results in death, or having the care or custody of any child, under circumstances likely to produce great bodily harm or death, willfully causes or permits that child to be injured or harmed, and that injury or harm results in death, shall receive a four-year enhancement for each violation, in addition to the sentence provided for that conviction. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed as affecting the applicability of subdivision (a) of Section 187 or Section 192. This section shall not apply unless the allegation is included within an accusatory pleading and admitted by the defendant or found to be true by the trier of fact.

  Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)

  Any person convicted of a violation of Section 273a, who under circumstances or conditions likely to produce great bodily harm or death, willfully causes or permits any child to suffer, or inflicts thereon unjustifiable physical pain or injury that results in death, or having the care or custody of any child, under circumstances likely to produce great bodily harm or death, willfully causes or permits that child to be injured or harmed, and that injury or harm results in death, shall receive a four-year enhancement for each violation, in addition to the sentence provided for that conviction. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed as affecting the applicability of subdivision (a) of Section 187 or Section 192. This section shall not apply unless the allegation is included within an accusatory pleading and admitted by the defendant or found to be true by the trier of fact.

  • Strafschärfung — der Wert ist ein Zusatzterm, keine Grundstrafe
  • Einstufung aus der Strafhöhe abgeleitet, nicht aus dem Wortlaut

  Strafschärfungen · Teil 4

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• Vergehennur im Gesetzestext

  Weitergabe örtlicher Vorstrafenauskünfte

  Die Vorschrift regelt, was zur örtlichen zusammenfassenden Vorstrafenauskunft gehört und welchen Stellen eine örtliche Strafverfolgungsbehörde sie zur Erfüllung ihrer Aufgaben übermitteln darf. Für Auskünfte zu Zwecken der Einstellung, Zertifizierung oder Lizenzierung gelten zusätzliche Schutzvorschriften. Verstösse gegen die Beschränkungen sind strafbar und lösen ausserdem einen Schadensersatzanspruch des betroffenen Beschäftigten oder Bewerbers aus.

  Strafe

  bis zu 6 Monate oder bis $1.000!

  Cal. Penal Code § 13300Mehr dazuschließenHinzufügen

  Zitat kopieren

  Cal. Penal Code § 13300 — Weitergabe örtlicher VorstrafenauskünfteWortlautzu

  Die Vorschrift regelt, was zur örtlichen zusammenfassenden Vorstrafenauskunft gehört und welchen Stellen eine örtliche Strafverfolgungsbehörde sie zur Erfüllung ihrer Aufgaben übermitteln darf. Für Auskünfte zu Zwecken der Einstellung, Zertifizierung oder Lizenzierung gelten zusätzliche Schutzvorschriften. Verstösse gegen die Beschränkungen sind strafbar und lösen ausserdem einen Schadensersatzanspruch des betroffenen Beschäftigten oder Bewerbers aus.

  Strafe auf Deutsch — Arbeitsübersetzung

  Ein Verstoss gegen die Vorschriften des betreffenden Absatzes ist ein Vergehen und gibt dem dadurch geschädigten Beschäftigten oder Bewerber einen Anspruch gegen das Versorgungsunternehmen auf Ersatz des unmittelbar verursachten Schadens.

  Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)

  A violation of any of the provisions of this paragraph is a misdemeanor, and shall give the employee or applicant who is injured by the violation a cause of action against the public utility to recover damages proximately caused by the violation.

  Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)

  (a) As used in this section: (1) “Local summary criminal history information” means the master record of information compiled by any local criminal justice agency pursuant to Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 13100) of Title 3 of Part 4 pertaining to the identification and criminal history of any person, such as name, date of birth, physical description, dates of arrests, arresting agencies and booking numbers, charges, dispositions, and similar data about the person. (2) “Local summary criminal history information” does not refer to records and data compiled by criminal justice agencies other than that local agency, nor does it refer to records of complaints to or investigations conducted by, or records of intelligence information or security procedures of, the local agency. (3) “Local agency” means a local criminal justice agency. (b) A local agency shall furnish local summary criminal history information to any of the following, when needed in the course of their duties, provided that when information is furnished to assist an agency, officer, or official of state or local government, a public utility, or any entity, in fulfilling employment, certification, or licensing duties, Chapter 1321 of the Statutes of 1974 and Section 432.7 of the Labor Code shall apply: (1) The courts of the state. (2) Peace officers of the state, as defined in Section 830.1, subdivisions (a) and (d) of Section 830.2, subdivisions (a), (b), and (j) of Section 830.3, and subdivisions (a), (b), and (c) of Section 830.5. (3) District attorneys of the state. (4) Prosecuting city attorneys of any city within the state. (5) City attorneys pursuing civil gang injunctions pursuant to Section 186.22a, drug abatement actions pursuant to Section 3479 or 3480 of the Civil Code or Section 11571 of the Health and Safety Code, or a city attorney or county counsel pursuing gun violence restraining orders pursuant to Division 3.2 (commencing with Section 18100) of Title 2 of Part 6. (6) Probation officers of the state. (7) Parole officers of the state. (8) A public defender or attorney of record when representing a person in proceedings upon a petition for a certificate of rehabilitation and pardon pursuant to Section 4852.08. (9) A public defender or attorney of record when representing a person in a criminal case, or a parole, mandatory supervision, or postrelease community supervision revocation or revocation extension hearing, and when authorized access by statutory or decisional law. (10) Any agency, officer, or official of the state when the local summary criminal history information is required to implement a statute, regulation, or ordinance that expressly refers to specific criminal conduct applicable to the subject person of the local summary criminal history information, and contains requirements or exclusions, or both, expressly based upon the specified criminal conduct. (11) Any city, county, city and county, or district, or any officer or official thereof, when access is needed in order to assist the agency, officer, or official in fulfilling employment, certification, or licensing duties, and when the access is specifically authorized by the city council, board of supervisors, or governing board of the city, county, or district when the local summary criminal history information is required to implement a statute, regulation, or ordinance that expressly refers to specific criminal conduct applicable to the subject person of the local summary criminal history information, and contains requirements or exclusions, or both, expressly based upon the specified criminal conduct. (12) The subject of the local summary criminal history information. (13) Any person or entity when access is expressly authorized by statute when the local summary criminal history information is required to implement a statute, regulation, or ordinance that expressly refers to specific criminal conduct applicable to the subject person of the local summary criminal history information, and contains requirements or exclusions, or both, expressly based upon the specified criminal conduct. (14) Any managing or supervising correctional officer of a county jail or other county correctional facility. (15) Local child support agencies established by Section 17304 of the Family Code. When a local child support agency closes a support enforcement case containing summary criminal history information, the agency shall delete or purge from the file and destroy any documents or information concerning or arising from offenses for or of which the parent has been arrested, charged, or convicted, other than for offenses related to the parents having failed to provide support for the minor children, consistent with Section 17531 of the Family Code. (16) County child welfare agency personnel who have been delegated the authority of county probation officers to access state summary criminal information pursuant to Section 272 of the Welfare and Institutions Code for the purposes specified in Section 16504.5 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. (17) A humane officer appointed pursuant to Section 14502 of the Corporations Code, for the purposes of performing the officer’s duties. A local agency may charge a reasonable fee sufficient to cover the costs of providing information pursuant to this paragraph. (c) The local agency may furnish local summary criminal history information, upon a showing of a compelling need, to any of the following, provided that when information is furnished to assist an agency, officer, or official of state or local government, a public utility, or any entity, in fulfilling employment, certification, or licensing duties, Chapter 1321 of the Statutes of 1974 and Section 432.7 of the Labor Code shall apply: (1) Any public utility, as defined in Section 216 of the Public Utilities Code, that operates a nuclear energy facility when access is needed to assist in employing persons to work at the facility, provided that, if the local agency supplies the information, it shall furnish a copy of this information to the person to whom the information relates. (2) To a peace officer of the state other than those included in subdivision (b). (3) An animal control officer, authorized to exercise powers specified in Section 830.9, for the purposes of performing the officer’s official duties. A local agency may charge a reasonable fee sufficient to cover the costs of providing information pursuant to this paragraph. (4) To a peace officer of another country. (5) To public officers, other than peace officers, of the United States, other states, or possessions or territories of the United States, provided that access to records similar to local summary criminal history information is expressly authorized by a statute of the United States, other states, or possessions or territories of the United States when this information is needed for the performance of their official duties. (6) To any person when disclosure is requested by a probation, parole, or peace officer with the consent of the subject of the local summary criminal history information and for purposes of furthering the rehabilitation of the subject. (7) The courts of the United States, other states, or territories or possessions of the United States. (8) Peace officers of the United States, other states, or territories or possessions of the United States. (9) To any individual who is the subject of the record requested when needed in conjunction with an application to enter the United States or any foreign nation. (10) Any public utility, as defined in Section 216 of the Public Utilities Code, when access is needed to assist in employing persons who will be seeking entrance to private residences in the course of their employment. The information provided shall be limited to the record of convictions and any arrest for which the person is released on bail or on the person’s own recognizance pending trial. If the local agency supplies the information pursuant to this paragraph, it shall furnish a copy of the information to the person to whom the information relates. Any information obtained from the local summary criminal history is confidential and the receiving public utility shall not disclose its contents, other than for the purpose for which it was acquired. The local summary criminal history information in the possession of the public utility and all copies made from it shall be destroyed 30 days after employment is denied or granted, including any appeal periods, except for those cases where an employee or applicant is out on bail or on the person’s own recognizance pending trial, in which case the state summary criminal history information and all copies shall be destroyed 30 days after the case is resolved, including any appeal periods. A violation of any of the provisions of this paragraph is a misdemeanor, and shall give the employee or applicant who is injured by the violation a cause of action against the public utility to recover damages proximately caused by the violation. Nothing in this section shall be construed as imposing any duty upon public utilities to request local summary criminal history information on any current or prospective employee. Seeking entrance to private residences in the course of employment shall be deemed a “compelling need” as required to be shown in this subdivision. (11) Any city, county, city and county, or district, or any officer or official thereof, if a written request is made to a local law enforcement agency and the information is needed to assist in the screening of a prospective concessionaire, and any affiliate or associate thereof, as these terms are defined in subdivision (k) of Section 432.7 of the Labor Code, for the purposes of consenting to, or approving of, the prospective concessionaire’s application for, or acquisition of, any beneficial interest in a concession, lease, or other property interest. Any local government’s request for local summary criminal history information for purposes of screening a prospective concessionaire and their affiliates or associates before approving or denying an application for, or acquisition of, any beneficial interest in a concession, lease, or other property interest is deemed a “compelling need” as required by this subdivision. However, only local summary criminal history information pertaining to criminal convictions may be obtained pursuant to this paragraph. Any information obtained from the local summary criminal history is confidential and the receiving local government shall not disclose its contents, other than for the purpose for which it was acquired. The local summary criminal history information in the possession of the local government and all copies made from it shall be destroyed not more than 30 days after the local government’s final decision to grant or deny consent to, or approval of, the prospective concessionaire’s application for, or acquisition of, a beneficial interest in a concession, lease, or other property interest. Nothing in this section shall be construed as imposing any duty upon a local government, or any officer or official thereof, to request local summary criminal history information on any current or prospective concessionaire or their affiliates or associates. (12) A public agency described in subdivision (b) of Section 15975 of the Government Code, for the purpose of oversight and enforcement policies with respect to its contracted providers. (d) Whenever an authorized request for local summary criminal history information pertains to a person whose fingerprints are on file with the local agency and the local agency has no criminal history of that person, and the information is to be used for employment, licensing, or certification purposes, the fingerprint card accompanying the request for information, if any, may be stamped “no criminal record” and returned to the person or entity making the request. (e) A local agency taking fingerprints of a person who is an applicant for licensing, employment, or certification may charge a fee to cover the cost of taking the fingerprints and processing the required documents. (f) Whenever local summary criminal history information furnished pursuant to this section is to be used for employment, licensing, or certification purposes, the local agency shall charge the person or entity making the request a fee that it determines to be sufficient to reimburse the local agency for the cost of furnishing the information, provided that no fee shall be charged to any public law enforcement agency for local summary criminal history information furnished to assist it in employing, licensing, or certifying a person who is applying for employment with the agency as a peace officer or criminal investigator. Any state agency required to pay a fee to the local agency for information received under this section may charge the applicant a fee sufficient to reimburse the agency for the expense. (g) Whenever there is a conflict, the processing of criminal fingerprints shall take priority over the processing of applicant fingerprints. (h) It is not a violation of this article to disseminate statistical or research information obtained from a record, provided that the identity of the subject of the record is not disclosed. (i) It is not a violation of this article to include information obtained from a record in (1) a transcript or record of a judicial or administrative proceeding or (2) any other public record when the inclusion of the information in the public record is authorized by a court, statute, or decisional law. (j) Notwithstanding any other law, a public prosecutor may, in response to a written request made pursuant to Article 1 (commencing with Section 7922.500) and Article 2 (commencing with Section 7922.525) of Chapter 1 of Part 3 of Division 10 of Title 1 of the Government Code, provide information from a local summary criminal history, if release of the information would enhance public safety, the interest of justice, or the public’s understanding of the justice system and the person making the request declares that the request is made for a scholarly or journalistic purpose. If a person in a declaration required by this subdivision willfully states as true any material fact that person knows to be false, the person shall be subject to a civil penalty not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000). The requestor shall be informed in writing of this penalty. An action to impose a civil penalty under this subdivision may be brought by any public prosecutor and shall be enforced as a civil judgment. (k) Notwithstanding any other law, the Department of Justice or any state or local law enforcement agency may require the submission of fingerprints for the purpose of conducting summary criminal history information record checks that are authorized by law. (l) Any local criminal justice agency may release, within five years of the arrest, information concerning an arrest or detention of a peace officer or applicant for a position as a peace officer, as defined in Section 830, that did not result in conviction, and for which the person did not complete a postarrest diversion program or a deferred entry of judgment program, to a governmental agency employer of that peace officer or applicant. (m) Any local criminal justice agency may release information concerning an arrest of a peace officer or applicant for a position as a peace officer, as defined in Section 830, that did not result in conviction but for which the person completed a postarrest diversion program or a deferred entry of judgment program, or information concerning a referral to and participation in any postarrest diversion program or a deferred entry of judgment program to a governmental agency employer of that peace officer or applicant. (n) Notwithstanding subdivision (l) or (m), a local criminal justice agency shall not release information under the following circumstances: (1) Information concerning an arrest for which diversion or a deferred entry of judgment program has been ordered without attempting to determine whether diversion or a deferred entry of judgment program has been successfully completed. (2) Information concerning an arrest or detention followed by a dismissal or release without attempting to determine whether the individual was exonerated. (3) Information concerning an arrest without a disposition without attempting to determine whether diversion has been successfully completed or the individual was exonerated. (o) A public prosecutor may provide a public defender’s office, an alternate public defender’s office, or a licensed attorney of record in a criminal case with a list containing only the names of the peace officer and defendant and the corresponding case number to facilitate and expedite notifying counsel representing criminal defendants whose cases may involve testimony by that peace officer of exculpatory or impeachment evidence involving that peace officer. Any disclosure made pursuant to this subdivision shall only be made upon agreement by the public defender’s office, alternate public defender’s office, or the licensed attorney of record in a criminal case. Any disclosure pursuant to this subdivision shall not constitute disclosure under any other law, nor shall any privilege or confidentiality be deemed waived by that disclosure. This subdivision shall not be construed to otherwise limit any legal mandate to disclose evidence or information, including, but not limited to, the disclosures required under Chapter 10 (commencing with Section 1054) of Title 6 of Part 2.

  Kein eigenes Strafmaß im Text. Dann gilt Cal. Penal Code § 19: bis 6 Monate Haft oder bis $1.000 — diese Zahlen stehen dort, nicht hier.

  Kriminalstatistik · Teil 4

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• Verbrechennur im Gesetzestext

  Reizgas zur Selbstverteidigung und dessen Missbrauch

  Reizgas und Reizgaswaffen dürfen nur zur Selbstverteidigung gekauft, besessen und benutzt werden. Ausgeschlossen sind Personen mit einer Verurteilung wegen eines Verbrechens oder einer Körperverletzung, Betäubungsmittelabhängige und Minderjährige; die Abgabe an Minderjährige ist verboten. Erlaubt sind nur Sprühgeräte mit höchstens 2,5 Unzen Füllmenge, keine Geräte, die Geschosse verschiessen. Jede Verpackung muss eine Warnung, ein Verfallsdatum und eine Gebrauchsanweisung tragen. Wer Reizgas ausserhalb der Notwehr einsetzt, macht sich strafbar.

  Strafe

  normalerweise 2 Jahre Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe $1.000

  Cal. Penal Code § 22810Mehr dazuschließenHinzufügen

  Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz

  16 Monate·2 Jahre·3 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger

  Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „16 Monate · 2 Jahre · 3 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.

  • Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
  • Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss über jeden vernünftigen Zweifel hinaus bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
  • Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.

  Im Gesetz: „16 months, or two or three years“

  Zitat kopieren

  Cal. Penal Code § 22810 — Reizgas zur Selbstverteidigung und dessen MissbrauchWortlautzu

  Reizgas und Reizgaswaffen dürfen nur zur Selbstverteidigung gekauft, besessen und benutzt werden. Ausgeschlossen sind Personen mit einer Verurteilung wegen eines Verbrechens oder einer Körperverletzung, Betäubungsmittelabhängige und Minderjährige; die Abgabe an Minderjährige ist verboten. Erlaubt sind nur Sprühgeräte mit höchstens 2,5 Unzen Füllmenge, keine Geräte, die Geschosse verschiessen. Jede Verpackung muss eine Warnung, ein Verfallsdatum und eine Gebrauchsanweisung tragen. Wer Reizgas ausserhalb der Notwehr einsetzt, macht sich strafbar.

  Strafe auf Deutsch — Arbeitsübersetzung

  Für den Einsatz ausserhalb der Selbstverteidigung: Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170(h) von 16 Monaten, zwei oder drei Jahren oder Freiheitsstrafe bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Geldstrafe bis zu 1.000 Dollar oder Geldstrafe und Freiheitsstrafe zusammen. Richtet sich der Einsatz gegen einen Vollzugsbeamten im Dienst und weiss der Täter das oder müsste er es wissen: Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170(h) von 16 Monaten, zwei oder drei Jahren oder Geldstrafe von 1.000 Dollar oder beides.

  Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)

  (g) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), any person who uses tear gas or any tear gas weapon except in self-defense is guilty of a public offense and is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years or in a county jail not to exceed one year or by a fine not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment.

  (2) If the use is against a peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2, engaged in the performance of official duties and the person committing the offense knows or reasonably should know that the victim is a peace officer, the offense is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months or two or three years or by a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment.

  Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)

  Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any person may purchase, possess, or use tear gas or any tear gas weapon for the projection or release of tear gas if the tear gas or tear gas weapon is used solely for self-defense purposes, subject to the following requirements: (a) No person convicted of a felony or any crime involving an assault under the laws of the United States, the State of California, or any other state, government, or country, or convicted of misuse of tear gas under subdivision (g), shall purchase, possess, or use tear gas or any tear gas weapon. (b) No person addicted to any narcotic drug shall purchase, possess, or use tear gas or any tear gas weapon. (c) No person shall sell or furnish any tear gas or tear gas weapon to a minor. (d) No minor shall purchase, possess, or use tear gas or any tear gas weapon. (e) (1) No person shall purchase, possess, or use any tear gas weapon that expels a projectile, or that expels the tear gas by any method other than an aerosol spray, or that contains more than 2.5 ounces net weight of aerosol spray. (2) Every tear gas container and tear gas weapon that may be lawfully purchased, possessed, and used pursuant to this section shall have a label that states: “WARNING: The use of this substance or device for any purpose other than self-defense is a crime under the law. The contents are dangerous — use with care.” (3) After January 1, 1984, every tear gas container and tear gas weapon that may be lawfully purchased, possessed, and used pursuant to this section shall have a label that discloses the date on which the useful life of the tear gas weapon expires. (4) Every tear gas container and tear gas weapon that may be lawfully purchased pursuant to this section shall be accompanied at the time of purchase by printed instructions for use. (f) Effective March 1, 1994, every tear gas container and tear gas weapon that may be lawfully purchased, possessed, and used pursuant to this section shall be accompanied by an insert including directions for use, first aid information, safety and storage information, and explanation of the legal ramifications of improper use of the tear gas container or tear gas product. (g) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), any person who uses tear gas or any tear gas weapon except in self-defense is guilty of a public offense and is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years or in a county jail not to exceed one year or by a fine not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment. (2) If the use is against a peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2, engaged in the performance of official duties and the person committing the offense knows or reasonably should know that the victim is a peace officer, the offense is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months or two or three years or by a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment.

  Waffen und Geräte ausser Schusswaffen · Teil 6 · Geldstrafe $1.000

  Kapitel bei leginfo.legislature.ca.gov

• Verbrechennur im Gesetzestext

  Strafrahmen für Verstösse beim Verkauf und der Übertragung von Waffen

  Die Vorschrift bestimmt, wie Verstösse gegen die Regeln über Verkauf, Vermietung und Übertragung von Schusswaffen geahndet werden. Grundsätzlich handelt es sich um ein Vergehen. Deutlich schwerer wiegen bestimmte Fälle, etwa die Weitergabe an eine Person, die keine Waffe besitzen darf, einschlägige Vorstrafen des Täters oder seine Zugehörigkeit zu einer vom Waffenbesitz ausgeschlossenen Personengruppe. Für einzelne blosse Meldeversäumnisse sind nur geringe Geldbussen vorgesehen.

  Strafe · In den besonders aufgezählten Fällen: Freih…

  normalerweise 3 Jahre Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe $50 – $1.000+ 1 weiterer Fall

  Cal. Penal Code § 27590Mehr dazuschließenHinzufügen

  Die 2 Strafrahmen im Gesetz

  In den besonders aufgezählten Fällen: Freih…2·3·4 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger

  Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „2 · 3 · 4 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.

  • Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
  • Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss über jeden vernünftigen Zweifel hinaus bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
  • Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.

  Im Gesetz: „two, three, or four years“

  Fall 21·2·3 Jahreweniger

  Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „1 · 2 · 3 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.

  • Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
  • Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss über jeden vernünftigen Zweifel hinaus bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
  • Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.

  Im Gesetz: „one, two, or three years“

  Zitat kopieren

  Cal. Penal Code § 27590 — Strafrahmen für Verstösse beim Verkauf und der Übertragung von WaffenWortlautzu

  Die Vorschrift bestimmt, wie Verstösse gegen die Regeln über Verkauf, Vermietung und Übertragung von Schusswaffen geahndet werden. Grundsätzlich handelt es sich um ein Vergehen. Deutlich schwerer wiegen bestimmte Fälle, etwa die Weitergabe an eine Person, die keine Waffe besitzen darf, einschlägige Vorstrafen des Täters oder seine Zugehörigkeit zu einer vom Waffenbesitz ausgeschlossenen Personengruppe. Für einzelne blosse Meldeversäumnisse sind nur geringe Geldbussen vorgesehen.

  Strafe auf Deutsch — Arbeitsübersetzung

  Grundsätzlich Vergehen. In den besonders aufgezählten Fällen: Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170(h) von zwei, drei oder vier Jahren. Für einzelne leichte Verstösse: Ordnungswidrigkeit mit einer Geldbusse von 50 Dollar beziehungsweise 100 Dollar.

  Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)

  is a misdemeanor

  (e) (1) A first violation of Section 27535 is an infraction punishable by a fine of fifty dollars ($50).

  (2) A second violation of Section 27535 is an infraction punishable by a fine of one hundred dollars ($100).

  punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years: (1) If the violation is of subdivision (a) of Se

  (c) If any of the following circumstances apply, a violation of this article shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment:

  (d) If both of the following circumstances apply, an additional term of imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for one, two, or three years shall be imposed in addition and consecutive to the sentence prescribed:

  imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years: (1) If the violation is of subdivision (a) of Section 27500

  additional term of imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for one, two, or three years shall be imposed in addition and consecutive to the sentence prescribed: (1) A violation of Section 27510 or subdivisio

  fine not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment: (1) A violation of Section 27515, 27520, or subdivision (b) of Section 27500

  Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)

  (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), (c), or (e), a violation of this article is a misdemeanor. (b) If any of the following circumstances apply, a violation of this article is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years: (1) If the violation is of subdivision (a) of Section 27500. (2) If the defendant has a prior conviction of violating the provisions, other than Section 27535, Section 27560 involving a firearm that is not a handgun, or Section 27565 involving a firearm that is not a handgun, of this article or former Section 12100 of this code, as Section 12100 read at any time from when it was enacted by Section 3 of Chapter 1386 of the Statutes of 1988 to when it was repealed by Section 18 of Chapter 23 of the Statutes of 1994, or Section 8101 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. (3) If the defendant has a prior conviction of violating any offense specified in Section 29905 or of a violation of Section 32625 or 33410, or of former Section 12560, as that section read at any time from when it was enacted by Section 4 of Chapter 931 of the Statutes of 1965 to when it was repealed by Section 14 of Chapter 9 of the Statutes of 1990, or of any provision listed in Section 16590. (4) If the defendant is in a prohibited class described in Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 29800) or Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 29900) of Division 9 of this title, or Section 8100 or 8103 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. (5) A violation of this article by a person who actively participates in a “criminal street gang” as defined in Section 186.22. (6) A violation of Section 27510 involving the delivery of any firearm to a person who the dealer knows, or should know, is a minor. (c) If any of the following circumstances apply, a violation of this article shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment: (1) A violation of Section 27515, 27520, or subdivision (b) of Section 27500. (2) A violation of Section 27505 involving the sale, loan, or transfer of a handgun or a centerfire semiautomatic rifle to a minor. (3) A violation of Section 27510 involving the delivery of a handgun or a centerfire semiautomatic rifle. (4) A violation of subdivision (a), (c), (d), (e), or (f) of Section 27540 involving a handgun or a centerfire semiautomatic rifle. (5) A violation of Section 27545 involving a handgun or a centerfire semiautomatic rifle. (6) A violation of Section 27550. (7) A violation of Section 27585 involving a handgun or a centerfire semiautomatic rifle. (d) If both of the following circumstances apply, an additional term of imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for one, two, or three years shall be imposed in addition and consecutive to the sentence prescribed: (1) A violation of Section 27510 or subdivision (b) of Section 27500. (2) The firearm transferred in violation of Section 27510 or subdivision (b) of Section 27500 is used in the subsequent commission of a felony for which a conviction is obtained and the prescribed sentence is imposed. (e) (1) A first violation of Section 27535 is an infraction punishable by a fine of fifty dollars ($50). (2) A second violation of Section 27535 is an infraction punishable by a fine of one hundred dollars ($100). (3) A third or subsequent violation of Section 27535 is a misdemeanor. (4) For purposes of this subdivision, each application to purchase a handgun or semiautomatic centerfire rifle in violation of Section 27535 is a separate offense.

  Waffenrecht · Teil 6 · Geldstrafe $50 – $1.000

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• Vergehen oder Verbrechennur im Gesetzestext

  Aktive Beteiligung an einer kriminellen Straßenbande

  Wer sich aktiv an einer kriminellen Straßenbande beteiligt, obwohl er weiß, dass deren Mitglieder ein Muster krimineller Bandenaktivität verfolgen, und wer vorsätzlich strafbares Verhalten von Bandenmitgliedern fördert oder unterstützt, macht sich strafbar. Zusätzlich sieht die Vorschrift eine Straferhöhung für Verbrechen vor, die zugunsten, auf Anweisung oder in Verbindung mit einer solchen Bande begangen werden.

  Strafe

  normalerweise 2 Jahre Gefängnis

  Cal. Penal Code § 186.22Mehr dazuschließenHinzufügen

  Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz

  16 Monate·2 Jahre·3 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger

  Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „16 Monate · 2 Jahre · 3 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.

  • Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
  • Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss über jeden vernünftigen Zweifel hinaus bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
  • Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.

  Im Gesetz: „Verbrechen (§ 1170(h))“

  Zitat kopieren

  Cal. Penal Code § 186.22 — Aktive Beteiligung an einer kriminellen StraßenbandeWortlautzu

  Wer sich aktiv an einer kriminellen Straßenbande beteiligt, obwohl er weiß, dass deren Mitglieder ein Muster krimineller Bandenaktivität verfolgen, und wer vorsätzlich strafbares Verhalten von Bandenmitgliedern fördert oder unterstützt, macht sich strafbar. Zusätzlich sieht die Vorschrift eine Straferhöhung für Verbrechen vor, die zugunsten, auf Anweisung oder in Verbindung mit einer solchen Bande begangen werden.

  Strafe auf Deutsch — Arbeitsübersetzung

  Abs. a (Beteiligung): Wobbler — County Jail bis 1 Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170(h) (16 Monate, 2 oder 3 Jahre). Die Strafschärfung nach Abs. b steht als eigener Eintrag „PC 186.22(b)“.

  Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)

  (a) A person who actively participates in a criminal street gang with knowledge that its members engage in, or have engaged in, a pattern of criminal gang activity, and who willfully promotes, furthers, or assists in felonious criminal conduct by members of that gang, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for a period not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment in the state prison for 16 months, or two or three years.

  (A) Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), the person shall be punished by an additional term of two, three, or four years at the court’s discretion.

  (B) If the felony is a serious felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7, the person shall be punished by an additional term of five years.

  (C) If the felony is a violent felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, the person shall be punished by an additional term of 10 years.

  (4) A person who is convicted of a felony enumerated in this paragraph committed for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with a criminal street gang, with the specific intent to promote, further, or assist in criminal conduct by gang members, shall, upon conviction of that felony, be sentenced to an indeterminate term of life imprisonment with a minimum term of the indeterminate sentence calculated as the greater of:

  (B) Imprisonment in the state prison for 15 years, if the felony is a home invasion robbery, in violation of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 213; carjacking, as defined in Section 215; a felony violation of Section 246; or a violation of Section 12022.55.

  Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)

  (a) A person who actively participates in a criminal street gang with knowledge that its members engage in, or have engaged in, a pattern of criminal gang activity, and who willfully promotes, furthers, or assists in felonious criminal conduct by members of that gang, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for a period not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment in the state prison for 16 months, or two or three years. (b) (1) Except as provided in paragraphs (4) and (5), a person who is convicted of a felony committed for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with a criminal street gang, with the specific intent to promote, further, or assist in criminal conduct by gang members, shall, upon conviction of that felony, in addition and consecutive to the punishment prescribed for the felony or attempted felony of which the person has been convicted, be punished as follows: (A) Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), the person shall be punished by an additional term of two, three, or four years at the court’s discretion. (B) If the felony is a serious felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7, the person shall be punished by an additional term of five years. (C) If the felony is a violent felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, the person shall be punished by an additional term of 10 years. (2) If the underlying felony described in paragraph (1) is committed on the grounds of, or within 1,000 feet of, a public or private elementary, vocational, junior high, or high school, during hours in which the facility is open for classes or school-related programs or when minors are using the facility, that fact shall be a circumstance in aggravation of the crime in imposing a term under paragraph (1). (3) The court shall order the imposition of the middle term of the sentence enhancement, unless there are circumstances in aggravation or mitigation. The court shall state the reasons for its choice of sentencing enhancements on the record at the time of the sentencing. (4) A person who is convicted of a felony enumerated in this paragraph committed for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with a criminal street gang, with the specific intent to promote, further, or assist in criminal conduct by gang members, shall, upon conviction of that felony, be sentenced to an indeterminate term of life imprisonment with a minimum term of the indeterminate sentence calculated as the greater of: (A) The term determined by the court pursuant to Section 1170 for the underlying conviction, including any enhancement applicable under Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 1170) of Title 7 of Part 2, or any period prescribed by Section 3046, if the felony is any of the offenses enumerated in subparagraph (B) or (C) of this paragraph. (B) Imprisonment in the state prison for 15 years, if the felony is a home invasion robbery, in violation of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 213; carjacking, as defined in Section 215; a felony violation of Section 246; or a violation of Section 12022.55. (C) Imprisonment in the state prison for seven years, if the felony is extortion, as defined in Section 519; or threats to victims and witnesses, as defined in Section 136.1. (5) Except as provided in paragraph (4), a person who violates this subdivision in the commission of a felony punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for life shall not be paroled until a minimum of 15 calendar years have been served. (c) If the court grants probation or suspends the execution of sentence imposed upon the defendant for a violation of subdivision (a), or in cases involving a true finding of the enhancement enumerated in subdivision (b), the court shall require that the defendant serve a minimum of 180 days in a county jail as a condition thereof. (d) A person who is convicted of a public offense, punishable as a felony or a misdemeanor, that is committed for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with, a criminal street gang, with the specific intent to promote, further, or assist in criminal conduct by gang members, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment in a state prison for one, two, or three years, provided that a person sentenced to imprisonment in the county jail shall be imprisoned for a period not to exceed one year, but not less than 180 days, and shall not be eligible for release upon completion of sentence, parole, or any other basis, until the person has served 180 days. If the court grants probation or suspends the execution of sentence imposed upon the defendant, it shall require as a condition thereof that the defendant serve 180 days in a county jail. (e) (1) As used in this chapter, “pattern of criminal gang activity” means the commission of, attempted commission of, conspiracy to commit, or solicitation of, sustained juvenile petition for, or conviction of, two or more of the following offenses, provided at least one of these offenses occurred after the effective date of this chapter, and the last of those offenses occurred within three years of the prior offense and within three years of the date the current offense is alleged to have been committed, the offenses were committed on separate occasions or by two or more members, the offenses commonly benefited a criminal street gang, and the common benefit from the offenses is more than reputational: (A) Assault with a deadly weapon or by means of force likely to produce great bodily injury, as defined in Section 245. (B) Robbery, as defined in Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 211) of Title 8. (C) Unlawful homicide or manslaughter, as defined in Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 187) of Title 8. (D) The sale, possession for sale, transportation, manufacture, offer for sale, or offer to manufacture a controlled substance as defined in Section 11007 of the Health and Safety Code. (E) Shooting at an inhabited dwelling or occupied motor vehicle, as defined in Section 246. (F) Discharging or permitting the discharge of a firearm from a motor vehicle, as defined in subdivisions (a) and (b) of Section 12034 until January 1, 2012, and, on or after that date, subdivisions (a) and (b) of Section 26100. (G) Arson, as defined in Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 450) of Title 13. (H) The intimidation of witnesses and victims, as defined in Section 136.1. (I) Grand theft, as defined in subdivision (a) or (c) of Section 487. (J) Grand theft of any firearm, vehicle, trailer, or vessel. (K) Burglary, as defined in Section 459. (L) Rape, as defined in Section 261. (M) Money laundering, as defined in Section 186.10. (N) Kidnapping, as defined in Section 207. (O) Mayhem, as defined in Section 203. (P) Aggravated mayhem, as defined in Section 205. (Q) Torture, as defined in Section 206. (R) Felony extortion, as defined in Sections 518 and 520. (S) Carjacking, as defined in Section 215. (T) The sale, delivery, or transfer of a firearm, as defined in Section 12072 until January 1, 2012, and, on or after that date, Article 1 (commencing with Section 27500) of Chapter 4 of Division 6 of Title 4 of Part 6. (U) Possession of a pistol, revolver, or other firearm capable of being concealed upon the person in violation of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 12101 until January 1, 2012, and, on or after that date, Section 29610. (V) Threats to commit crimes resulting in death or great bodily injury, as defined in Section 422. (W) Theft and unlawful taking or driving of a vehicle, as defined in Section 10851 of the Vehicle Code. (X) Prohibited possession of a firearm in violation of Section 12021 until January 1, 2012, and, on or after that date, Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 29800) of Division 9 of Title 4 of Part 6. (Y) Carrying a concealed firearm in violation of Section 12025 until January 1, 2012, and, on or after that date, Section 25400. (Z) Carrying a loaded firearm in violation of Section 12031 until January 1, 2012, and, on or after that date, Section 25850. (2) The currently charged offense shall not be used to establish the pattern of criminal gang activity. (f) As used in this chapter, “criminal street gang” means an ongoing, organized association or group of three or more persons, whether formal or informal, having as one of its primary activities the commission of one or more of the criminal acts enumerated in subdivision (e), having a common name or common identifying sign or symbol, and whose members collectively engage in, or have engaged in, a pattern of criminal gang activity. (g) As used in this chapter, to benefit, promote, further, or assist means to provide a common benefit to members of a gang where the common benefit is more than reputational. Examples of a common benefit that are more than reputational may include, but are not limited to, financial gain or motivation, retaliation, targeting a perceived or actual gang rival, or intimidation or silencing of a potential current or previous witness or informant. (h) Notwithstanding any other law, the court may strike the additional punishment for the enhancements provided in this section or refuse to impose the minimum jail sentence for misdemeanors in an unusual case where the interests of justice would best be served, if the court specifies on the record and enters into the minutes the circumstances indicating that the interests of justice would best be served by that disposition. (i) Notwithstanding any other law, for each person committed to the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, Division of Juvenile Facilities for a conviction pursuant to subdivision (a) or (b) of this section, the offense shall be deemed one for which the state shall pay the rate of 100 percent of the per capita institutional cost of the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, Division of Juvenile Facilities, pursuant to former Section 912.5 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. (j) In order to secure a conviction or sustain a juvenile petition, pursuant to subdivision (a) it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that the person devotes all, or a substantial part, of their time or efforts to the criminal street gang, nor is it necessary to prove that the person is a member of the criminal street gang. Active participation in the criminal street gang is all that is required. (k) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2023.

  • Dieser Eintrag ist die eigene Tat nach Abs. a. Für den Bandenzuschlag „PC 186.22(b)“ (zusatz) wählen.

  Nebenfolgen: Waffenverbot

  Straftaten gegen die Rechtspflege · Teil 1

  Kapitel bei leginfo.legislature.ca.gov

• Vergehennur im Gesetzestext

  Online-Gewinnspiele mit Glücksspielcharakter

  Es ist verboten, in Kalifornien ein Online-Sweepstake-Spiel zu betreiben, durchzuführen oder anzubieten. Verboten ist auch, ein solches Spiel wissentlich zu unterstützen, etwa als Bank, Zahlungsdienstleister, Standortdienst, Plattform- oder Inhaltsanbieter oder Medienpartner.

  Strafe

  bis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnis!dazu Geldstrafe $1.000 – $25.000

  Cal. Penal Code § 337oMehr dazuschließenHinzufügen

  Zitat kopieren

  Cal. Penal Code § 337o — Online-Gewinnspiele mit GlücksspielcharakterWortlautzu

  Es ist verboten, in Kalifornien ein Online-Sweepstake-Spiel zu betreiben, durchzuführen oder anzubieten. Verboten ist auch, ein solches Spiel wissentlich zu unterstützen, etwa als Bank, Zahlungsdienstleister, Standortdienst, Plattform- oder Inhaltsanbieter oder Medienpartner.

  Strafe auf Deutsch — Arbeitsübersetzung

  Geldstrafe von mindestens 1.000 und höchstens 25.000 Dollar oder Bezirksgefängnis oder beides.

  Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)

  (d) A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punishable by a fine not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000) nor more than twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000), or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by both the fine and imprisonment.

  Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)

  (a) It is unlawful for any person or entity to operate, conduct, or offer an online sweepstakes game in this state. (b) It is unlawful for any entity, financial institution, payment processor, geolocation provider, gaming content supplier, platform provider, or media affiliate to knowingly and willfully support directly or indirectly the operation, conduct, or promotion of an online sweepstakes game within this state. (c) For purposes of this section, the following definitions apply: (1) “Direct consideration” means a coin, token, or other representation of value that may be purchased by a player or received through a bonus or promotion and that is used for playing or participating in the online sweepstakes game. (2) “Indirect consideration” means a coin, token, or other representation of value that may be exchanged for a prize, award, cash, or cash equivalents or a chance to win a prize, award, cash, or cash equivalents. Indirect consideration is provided for free through a promotion, bonus, or with the purchase of a related product, service, or activity. As used in this paragraph, “related product, service, or activity” includes a coin, token, or other representation of value that may be used for direct consideration. (3) “Online sweepstakes game” means a game, contest, or promotion that meets all of the following conditions: (A) Available on the internet or accessible on a mobile phone, computer terminal, or similar device. (B) Utilizes a dual-currency system of payment that allows a person to play or participate with direct consideration or indirect consideration, and for which the person playing or participating may become eligible for a prize, award, cash, or cash equivalents or a chance to win a prize, award, cash, or cash equivalents. (C) Simulates gambling, which, for purposes of this section, includes, but is not limited to, any of the following: (i) Slot machines. (ii) Video poker. (iii) Table games, including, but not limited to, blackjack, roulette, craps, and poker. (iv) Lotteries, as defined in Section 319. (v) Bingo. (vi) Sports wagering. (D) Awards cash or cash equivalents. (d) A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punishable by a fine not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000) nor more than twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000), or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by both the fine and imprisonment. (e) This section does not make unlawful or otherwise restrict lawful games and methods used by a gambling enterprise licensed under the Gambling Control Act or operations of the California State Lottery. (f) This section does not make unlawful game promotions or sweepstakes conducted by for-profit commercial entities on a limited and occasional basis as an advertising and marketing tool that are incidental to substantial bona fide sales of consumer products or services and that are not intended to provide a vehicle for the establishment of ongoing gambling or gaming.

  Straftaten gegen die Person mit sexuellem Übergriff sowie Straftaten gegen die öffentliche Sittlichkeit · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe $1.000 – $25.000

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• Vergehennur im Gesetzestext

  Mindeststrafe bei wiederholter öffentlicher Trunkenheit

  Wird jemand wegen öffentlicher Trunkenheit oder Berauschtheit (§ 647 Buchstabe f) angeklagt und war er in den vorangegangenen zwölf Monaten bereits zweimal oder öfter deswegen verurteilt, müssen diese Vorverurteilungen in der Anklage aufgeführt werden. Werden mindestens zwei davon festgestellt oder eingeräumt, gilt eine Mindeststrafe. Die Regel gilt in einem Bezirk nur, wenn dessen Verwaltung sie eingeführt und festgestellt hat, dass genügend Entzugs- und Therapieplätze vorhanden sind.

  Strafe

  mindestens 3 Monate Gefängnis!

  Cal. Penal Code § 647dMehr dazuschließenHinzufügen

  Zitat kopieren

  Cal. Penal Code § 647d — Mindeststrafe bei wiederholter öffentlicher TrunkenheitWortlautzu

  Wird jemand wegen öffentlicher Trunkenheit oder Berauschtheit (§ 647 Buchstabe f) angeklagt und war er in den vorangegangenen zwölf Monaten bereits zweimal oder öfter deswegen verurteilt, müssen diese Vorverurteilungen in der Anklage aufgeführt werden. Werden mindestens zwei davon festgestellt oder eingeräumt, gilt eine Mindeststrafe. Die Regel gilt in einem Bezirk nur, wenn dessen Verwaltung sie eingeführt und festgestellt hat, dass genügend Entzugs- und Therapieplätze vorhanden sind.

  Strafe auf Deutsch — Arbeitsübersetzung

  Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis von mindestens 90 Tagen.

  Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)

  (b) In any accusatory pleading charging a violation of subdivision (f) of Section 647, if the defendant has been previously convicted two or more times of a violation of subdivision (f) of Section 647 within the previous 12 months, each such previous conviction shall be charged in the accusatory pleading. If two or more of the previous convictions are found to be true by the jury, upon a jury trial, or by the court, upon a court trial, or are admitted by the defendant, the defendant shall be imprisoned in the county jail for a period of not less than 90 days. The trial court may grant probation or suspend the execution of sentence imposed upon the defendant if the court, as a condition of the probation or suspension, orders the defendant to spend 60 days in an alcohol treatment and recovery program in a facility which, as a minimum, meets the standards described in the guidelines for alcoholic recovery home programs issued by the Division of Alcohol Programs of the Department of Alcohol and Drug Abuse.

  Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)

  (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, subdivision (b) shall become operative in a county only if the board of supervisors adopts the provisions of subdivision (b) by ordinance after a finding that sufficient alcohol treatment and recovery facilities exist or will exist to accommodate the persons described in that subdivision. (b) In any accusatory pleading charging a violation of subdivision (f) of Section 647, if the defendant has been previously convicted two or more times of a violation of subdivision (f) of Section 647 within the previous 12 months, each such previous conviction shall be charged in the accusatory pleading. If two or more of the previous convictions are found to be true by the jury, upon a jury trial, or by the court, upon a court trial, or are admitted by the defendant, the defendant shall be imprisoned in the county jail for a period of not less than 90 days. The trial court may grant probation or suspend the execution of sentence imposed upon the defendant if the court, as a condition of the probation or suspension, orders the defendant to spend 60 days in an alcohol treatment and recovery program in a facility which, as a minimum, meets the standards described in the guidelines for alcoholic recovery home programs issued by the Division of Alcohol Programs of the Department of Alcohol and Drug Abuse. (c) The provisions of Section 4019 shall apply to the conditional attendance of an alcohol treatment and recovery program described in subdivision (b).

  Nebenfolgen: Bewährung

  Sonstige Straftaten · Teil 1

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• Stufe steht nicht im Gesetznur im Gesetzestext

  Drohnenflug über Gefängnissen und Jugendeinrichtungen

  Wer wissentlich und absichtlich eine Drohne auf dem Gelände oder über dem Gelände eines Staatsgefängnisses, eines Bezirksgefängnisses oder einer Jugendarrestanstalt, eines Jugendlagers oder einer Jugendranch fliegen lässt, begeht eine Ordnungswidrigkeit. Ausgenommen sind Beschäftigte der jeweiligen Einrichtung im Rahmen ihrer Aufgaben sowie Personen mit vorheriger Genehmigung der zuständigen Stelle.

  Strafe

  $500 (nur Geldstrafe genannt)

  Cal. Penal Code § 4577Mehr dazuschließenHinzufügen

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  Cal. Penal Code § 4577 — Drohnenflug über Gefängnissen und JugendeinrichtungenWortlautzu

  Wer wissentlich und absichtlich eine Drohne auf dem Gelände oder über dem Gelände eines Staatsgefängnisses, eines Bezirksgefängnisses oder einer Jugendarrestanstalt, eines Jugendlagers oder einer Jugendranch fliegen lässt, begeht eine Ordnungswidrigkeit. Ausgenommen sind Beschäftigte der jeweiligen Einrichtung im Rahmen ihrer Aufgaben sowie Personen mit vorheriger Genehmigung der zuständigen Stelle.

  Strafe auf Deutsch — Arbeitsübersetzung

  Ordnungswidrigkeit: Geldbusse von 500 Dollar.

  Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)

  (a) Except as provided in subdivisions (b), (c), and (d), a person who knowingly and intentionally operates an unmanned aircraft system on or above the grounds of a state prison, a jail, or a juvenile hall, camp, or ranch is guilty of an infraction, punishable by a fine of five hundred dollars ($500).

  Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)

  (a) Except as provided in subdivisions (b), (c), and (d), a person who knowingly and intentionally operates an unmanned aircraft system on or above the grounds of a state prison, a jail, or a juvenile hall, camp, or ranch is guilty of an infraction, punishable by a fine of five hundred dollars ($500). (b) This section does not apply to a person employed by the prison who operates the unmanned aircraft system within the scope of his or her employment, or a person who receives prior permission from the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to operate the unmanned aircraft system over the prison. (c) This section does not apply to a person employed by the jail who operates the unmanned aircraft system within the scope of his or her employment, or a person who receives prior permission from the county sheriff to operate the unmanned aircraft system over the jail. (d) This section does not apply to a person employed by the county department that operates the juvenile hall, camp, or ranch who operates the unmanned aircraft system within the scope of his or her employment, or a person who receives prior permission from the county department that operates the juvenile hall, camp, or ranch to operate the unmanned aircraft system over the juvenile hall, camp, or ranch. (e) For purposes of this section, the following definitions apply: (1) “Unmanned aircraft” means an aircraft that is operated without the possibility of direct human intervention from within or on the aircraft. (2) “Unmanned aircraft system” means an unmanned aircraft and associated elements, including, but not limited to, communication links and the components that control the unmanned aircraft that are required for the pilot in command to operate safely and efficiently in the national airspace system. (Added by Stats. 2018, Ch. 333, Sec. 1. (SB 1355) Effective January 1, 2019.) PEN Penal Code - PEN

  Straftaten im Zusammenhang mit Gefängnissen und Gefangenen · Teil 3 · Geldstrafe $500

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