Department of Justice
Welche Paragraphen gelten?
Sagen Sie, was passiert ist — und Sie bekommen die Paragraphen des kalifornischen Gesetzes, die dafür gelten. Jeden mit Fundstelle zum Kopieren.
1Was ist passiert?
Schreiben Sie in eigenen Worten, was passiert ist. Ganze Sätze sind richtig; steckt mehr als eine Tat darin, werden sie getrennt. Ein Stichwort geht genauso — „Raub“, „Einbruch“, „211“.
34 Taten gefunden · Seite 2 von 3
Unerlaubtes Mitschneiden von Live-Darbietungen
Wer eine Live-Darbietung ohne Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufnimmt oder aufnehmen lässt, um sie gewerblich zu verwerten oder daraus einen Vermögensvorteil zu ziehen, macht sich strafbar. Ohne abweichende schriftliche Vereinbarung gilt der Auftretende selbst als Inhaber des Aufnahmerechts.
Strafenormalerweise 3 Jahre Gefängnis· dazu bis $500.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
2·3·5 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „2 · 3 · 5 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „two, three, or five years“
Cal. Penal Code § 653u — Unerlaubtes Mitschneiden von Live-DarbietungenWortlautzu
Wer eine Live-Darbietung ohne Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufnimmt oder aufnehmen lässt, um sie gewerblich zu verwerten oder daraus einen Vermögensvorteil zu ziehen, macht sich strafbar. Ohne abweichende schriftliche Vereinbarung gilt der Auftretende selbst als Inhaber des Aufnahmerechts.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Bei mindestens 1.000 betroffenen Stücken: Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h von zwei, drei oder fünf Jahren oder Geldstrafe bis zu 500.000 US-Dollar oder beides. In allen übrigen Fällen: bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Geldstrafe bis zu 50.000 US-Dollar oder beides; im Wiederholungsfall bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h oder Geldstrafe bis zu 200.000 US-Dollar oder beides.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(d) Any person who has been convicted of a violation of subdivision (a) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or five years, or by a fine not to exceed five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment, if the offense involves the recording, mastering, or causing to be recorded or mastered at least 1,000 articles described in subdivision (a).
(e) Any person who has been convicted of any other violation of subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (d), shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second or subsequent conviction under subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (d) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 or by a fine not to exceed two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Any person who records or masters or causes to be recorded or mastered on any article with the intent to sell for commercial advantage or private financial gain, the sounds of a live performance with the knowledge that the sounds thereon have been recorded or mastered without the consent of the owner of the sounds of the live performance is guilty of a public offense punishable as provided in subdivisions (d) and (e). (b) In the absence of a written agreement or operation of law to the contrary, the performer or performers of the sounds of a live performance shall be presumed to own the right to record or master those sounds. (c) (1) For purposes of this section, a person who is authorized to maintain custody and control over business records reflecting the consent of the owner to the recordation or master recording of a live performance shall be a proper witness in any proceeding regarding the issue of consent. (2) Any witness called pursuant to this section shall be subject to all rules of evidence relating to the competency of a witness to testify and the relevance and admissibility of the testimony offered. (d) Any person who has been convicted of a violation of subdivision (a) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or five years, or by a fine not to exceed five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment, if the offense involves the recording, mastering, or causing to be recorded or mastered at least 1,000 articles described in subdivision (a). (e) Any person who has been convicted of any other violation of subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (d), shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second or subsequent conviction under subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (d) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 or by a fine not to exceed two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
- Strafe steht nicht hier, sondern in einem anderen Paragraphen
Sonstige Straftaten · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $500.000
Fehlende Herstellerangabe auf Ton- und Bildträgern
Wer aus Gewinnstreben Ton- oder Bildträger bewirbt, anbietet, verkauft, weiterverkauft, vermietet, herstellt oder zu diesen Zwecken besitzt, deren Hülle, Verpackung oder Etikett nicht deutlich den wirklichen Namen und die Anschrift des Herstellers sowie den Namen des Urhebers, Künstlers oder Interpreten nennt, macht sich strafbar. Softwarehersteller und ihre Lizenznehmer müssen die einzelnen mitwirkenden Programmierer nicht angeben.
Strafenormalerweise 3 Jahre Gefängnis· dazu $1.000 – $500.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
2·3·5 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „2 · 3 · 5 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „two, three, or five years“
Cal. Penal Code § 653w — Fehlende Herstellerangabe auf Ton- und BildträgernWortlautzu
Wer aus Gewinnstreben Ton- oder Bildträger bewirbt, anbietet, verkauft, weiterverkauft, vermietet, herstellt oder zu diesen Zwecken besitzt, deren Hülle, Verpackung oder Etikett nicht deutlich den wirklichen Namen und die Anschrift des Herstellers sowie den Namen des Urhebers, Künstlers oder Interpreten nennt, macht sich strafbar. Softwarehersteller und ihre Lizenznehmer müssen die einzelnen mitwirkenden Programmierer nicht angeben.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Bei mindestens 100 Ton- oder 100 Bildträgern (oder dem entsprechenden Handelswert): Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h von zwei, drei oder fünf Jahren oder Geldstrafe bis zu 500.000 US-Dollar oder beides. Sonst beim ersten Verstoß: bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Geldstrafe bis zu 50.000 US-Dollar oder beides; im Wiederholungsfall bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h oder Geldstrafe von mindestens 1.000 und höchstens 200.000 US-Dollar oder beides.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(1) If the offense involves the advertisement, offer for sale or resale, sale, rental, manufacture, or possession for these purposes, of at least 100 articles of audio recordings or 100 articles of audiovisual works described in subdivision (a), or the commercial equivalent thereof, the person shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or five years, or by a fine not to exceed five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(2) Any other violation of subdivision (a) not described in paragraph (1) shall, upon a first offense, be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(3) A second or subsequent conviction under subdivision (a) not described in paragraph (1) shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine of not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000), but not to exceed two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) (1) A person is guilty of failure to disclose the origin of a recording or audiovisual work if, for commercial advantage or private financial gain, he or she knowingly advertises or offers for sale or resale, or sells or resells, or causes the rental, sale, or resale of, or rents, or manufactures, or possesses for these purposes, any recording or audiovisual work, the outside cover, box, jacket, or label of which does not clearly and conspicuously disclose the actual true name and address of the manufacturer thereof and the name of the actual author, artist, performer, producer, programmer, or group thereon. This section does not require the original manufacturer or authorized licensees of software producers to disclose the contributing authors or programmers. (2) As used in this section, “recording” means any tangible medium upon which information or sounds are recorded or otherwise stored, including, but not limited to, any phonograph record, disc, tape, audio cassette, wire, film, memory card, flash drive, hard drive, data storage device, or other medium on which information or sounds are recorded or otherwise stored, but does not include sounds accompanying a motion picture or other audiovisual work. (3) As used in this section, “audiovisual works” are the physical embodiment of works that consist of related images that are intrinsically intended to be shown using machines or devices, such as projectors, viewers, or electronic equipment, together with accompanying sounds, if any, regardless of the nature of the material objects, such as films, tapes, discs, memory cards, flash drives, hard drives, data storage devices, or other devices, on which the works are embodied. (b) A person who has been convicted of a violation of subdivision (a) shall be punished as follows: (1) If the offense involves the advertisement, offer for sale or resale, sale, rental, manufacture, or possession for these purposes, of at least 100 articles of audio recordings or 100 articles of audiovisual works described in subdivision (a), or the commercial equivalent thereof, the person shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or five years, or by a fine not to exceed five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (2) Any other violation of subdivision (a) not described in paragraph (1) shall, upon a first offense, be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (3) A second or subsequent conviction under subdivision (a) not described in paragraph (1) shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine of not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000), but not to exceed two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Sonstige Straftaten · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe $1.000 – $500.000
Strafschärfung für Schusswaffengebrauch bei schweren Verbrechen
Diese Vorschrift gilt für schwere Verbrechen wie Mord, schwere Verstümmelung, Entführung, Raub, Autoraub, Vergewaltigung und sexuellen Missbrauch von Kindern. Wer dabei persönlich eine Schusswaffe einsetzt, erhält zehn Jahre zusätzlich; die Waffe muss weder geladen noch funktionsfähig sein. Wer persönlich und absichtlich schiesst, erhält 20 Jahre zusätzlich. Verursacht der Schuss einer anderen Person als einem Mittäter eine schwere Körperverletzung oder den Tod, kommt die höchste Zusatzstrafe hinzu.
Zuschlag, keine eigene Tat. Der Wert kommt voll auf die Strafe einer anderen Tat obendrauf — die Tat gehört also mit in den Fall, sonst gibt es nichts, worauf er kommt.
Zuschlag10 bis 20 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 12022.53 — Strafschärfung für Schusswaffengebrauch bei schweren VerbrechenWortlautzu
Diese Vorschrift gilt für schwere Verbrechen wie Mord, schwere Verstümmelung, Entführung, Raub, Autoraub, Vergewaltigung und sexuellen Missbrauch von Kindern. Wer dabei persönlich eine Schusswaffe einsetzt, erhält zehn Jahre zusätzlich; die Waffe muss weder geladen noch funktionsfähig sein. Wer persönlich und absichtlich schiesst, erhält 20 Jahre zusätzlich. Verursacht der Schuss einer anderen Person als einem Mittäter eine schwere Körperverletzung oder den Tod, kommt die höchste Zusatzstrafe hinzu.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Zusätzliche und anschliessend zu verbüssende Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis von zehn Jahren für den persönlichen Einsatz einer Schusswaffe, von 20 Jahren für das persönliche und absichtliche Abfeuern und von 25 Jahren bis lebenslang, wenn dadurch eine schwere Körperverletzung oder der Tod eines Nichtbeteiligten verursacht wird.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(b) Notwithstanding any other law, a person who, in the commission of a felony specified in subdivision (a), personally uses a firearm, shall be punished by an additional and consecutive term of imprisonment in the state prison for 10 years. The firearm need not be operable or loaded for this enhancement to apply.
(c) Notwithstanding any other law, a person who, in the commission of a felony specified in subdivision (a), personally and intentionally discharges a firearm, shall be punished by an additional and consecutive term of imprisonment in the state prison for 20 years.
(d) Notwithstanding any other law, a person who, in the commission of a felony specified in subdivision (a), Section 246, or subdivision (c) or (d) of Section 26100, personally and intentionally discharges a firearm and proximately causes great bodily injury, as defined in Section 12022.7, or death, to a person other than an accomplice, shall be punished by an additional and consecutive term of imprisonment in the state prison for 25 years to life.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) This section applies to the following felonies: (1) Section 187 (murder). (2) Section 203 or 205 (mayhem). (3) Section 207, 209, or 209.5 (kidnapping). (4) Section 211 (robbery). (5) Section 215 (carjacking). (6) Section 220 (assault with intent to commit a specified felony). (7) Subdivision (d) of Section 245 (assault with a firearm on a peace officer or firefighter). (8) Section 261 or former Section 262 (rape). (9) Section 264.1 (rape or sexual penetration in concert). (10) Section 286 (sodomy). (11) Section 287 or former Section 288a (oral copulation). (12) Section 288 or 288.5 (lewd act on a child). (13) Section 289 (sexual penetration). (14) Section 4500 (assault by a life prisoner). (15) Section 4501 (assault by a prisoner). (16) Section 4503 (holding a hostage by a prisoner). (17) Any felony punishable by death or imprisonment in the state prison for life. (18) Any attempt to commit a crime listed in this subdivision other than an assault. (b) Notwithstanding any other law, a person who, in the commission of a felony specified in subdivision (a), personally uses a firearm, shall be punished by an additional and consecutive term of imprisonment in the state prison for 10 years. The firearm need not be operable or loaded for this enhancement to apply. (c) Notwithstanding any other law, a person who, in the commission of a felony specified in subdivision (a), personally and intentionally discharges a firearm, shall be punished by an additional and consecutive term of imprisonment in the state prison for 20 years. (d) Notwithstanding any other law, a person who, in the commission of a felony specified in subdivision (a), Section 246, or subdivision (c) or (d) of Section 26100, personally and intentionally discharges a firearm and proximately causes great bodily injury, as defined in Section 12022.7, or death, to a person other than an accomplice, shall be punished by an additional and consecutive term of imprisonment in the state prison for 25 years to life. (e) (1) The enhancements provided in this section shall apply to any person who is a principal in the commission of an offense if both of the following are pled and proved: (A) The person violated subdivision (b) of Section 186.22. (B) Any principal in the offense committed any act specified in subdivision (b), (c), or (d). (2) An enhancement for participation in a criminal street gang pursuant to Chapter 11 (commencing with Section 186.20) of Title 7 of Part 1 shall not be imposed on a person in addition to an enhancement imposed pursuant to this subdivision, unless the person personally used or personally discharged a firearm in the commission of the offense. (f) Only one additional term of imprisonment under this section shall be imposed per person for each crime. If more than one enhancement per person is found true under this section, the court shall impose upon that person the enhancement that provides the longest term of imprisonment. An enhancement involving a firearm specified in Section 12021.5, 12022, 12022.3, 12022.4, 12022.5, or 12022.55 shall not be imposed on a person in addition to an enhancement imposed pursuant to this section. An enhancement for great bodily injury as defined in Section 12022.7, 12022.8, or 12022.9 shall not be imposed on a person in addition to an enhancement imposed pursuant to subdivision (d). (g) Notwithstanding any other law, probation shall not be granted to, nor shall the execution or imposition of sentence be suspended for, a person found to come within the provisions of this section. (h) The court may, in the interest of justice pursuant to Section 1385 and at the time of sentencing, strike or dismiss an enhancement otherwise required to be imposed by this section. The authority provided by this subdivision applies to any resentencing that may occur pursuant to any other law. (i) The total amount of credits awarded pursuant to Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 2930) of Chapter 7 of Title 1 of Part 3 or pursuant to Section 4019 or any other law shall not exceed 15 percent of the total term of imprisonment imposed on a defendant upon whom a sentence is imposed pursuant to this section. (j) For the penalties in this section to apply, the existence of any fact required under subdivision (b), (c), or (d) shall be alleged in the accusatory pleading and either admitted by the defendant in open court or found to be true by the trier of fact. When an enhancement specified in this section has been admitted or found to be true, the court shall impose punishment for that enhancement pursuant to this section rather than imposing punishment authorized under any other law, unless another enhancement provides for a greater penalty or a longer term of imprisonment. (k) When a person is found to have used or discharged a firearm in the commission of an offense that includes an allegation pursuant to this section and the firearm is owned by that person, a coparticipant, or a coconspirator, the court shall order that the firearm be deemed a nuisance and disposed of in the manner provided in Sections 18000 and 18005. (l) The enhancements specified in this section shall not apply to the lawful use or discharge of a firearm by a public officer, as provided in Section 196, or by any person in lawful self-defense, lawful defense of another, or lawful defense of property, as provided in Sections 197, 198, and 198.5.
- Strafschärfung — der Wert ist ein Zusatzterm, keine Grundstrafe
- lebenslange-haft
- todesstrafe
: Bewährung
Strafschärfungen · Teil 4
Stufe steht nicht im Gesetz
Geiselnahme im Gefängnis
Ein Gefangener macht sich strafbar, wenn er in einer Anstalt der Strafvollzugsbehörde eine Person als Geisel nimmt. Ebenso strafbar ist, wer dort mit Gewalt oder Drohung mit Gewalt Personen entgegen dienstlicher Anordnung gegen ihren Willen festhält.
Strafenormalerweise 5 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
3·5·7 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „3 · 5 · 7 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „three, five, or seven years“
Cal. Penal Code § 4503 — Geiselnahme im GefängnisWortlautzu
Ein Gefangener macht sich strafbar, wenn er in einer Anstalt der Strafvollzugsbehörde eine Person als Geisel nimmt. Ebenso strafbar ist, wer dort mit Gewalt oder Drohung mit Gewalt Personen entgegen dienstlicher Anordnung gegen ihren Willen festhält.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Verbrechen: Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis von drei, fünf oder sieben Jahren, im Anschluss an die laufende Strafe zu vollstrecken.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Any person confined therein who holds as hostage any person within any prison or facility under the jurisdiction of the Director of Corrections, or who by force or threat of force holds any person or persons against their will in defiance of official orders within any such prison or facility, shall be guilty of a felony and shall be imprisoned in the state prison for three, five, or seven years to be served consecutively.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Any person confined therein who holds as hostage any person within any prison or facility under the jurisdiction of the Director of Corrections, or who by force or threat of force holds any person or persons against their will in defiance of official orders within any such prison or facility, shall be guilty of a felony and shall be imprisoned in the state prison for three, five, or seven years to be served consecutively.
Straftaten im Zusammenhang mit Gefängnissen und Gefangenen · Teil 3
Geiselnahme zum Schutz vor Festnahme
Wer eine Person widerrechtlich festhält, um sich einer Festnahme zu entziehen oder sie als menschlichen Schutzschild zu benutzen, und dadurch die Gefahr für das Opfer erheblich erhöht, macht sich strafbar.
Strafenormalerweise 5 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
3·5·8 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „3 · 5 · 8 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „three, five, or eight years“
Cal. Penal Code § 210.5 — Geiselnahme zum Schutz vor FestnahmeWortlautzu
Wer eine Person widerrechtlich festhält, um sich einer Festnahme zu entziehen oder sie als menschlichen Schutzschild zu benutzen, und dadurch die Gefahr für das Opfer erheblich erhöht, macht sich strafbar.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Drei, fünf oder acht Jahre Haft nach PC 1170(h).
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Every person who commits the offense of false imprisonment, as defined in Section 236, against a person for purposes of protection from arrest, which substantially increases the risk of harm to the victim, or for purposes of using the person as a shield is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for three, five, or eight years.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Every person who commits the offense of false imprisonment, as defined in Section 236, against a person for purposes of protection from arrest, which substantially increases the risk of harm to the victim, or for purposes of using the person as a shield is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for three, five, or eight years.
Straftaten gegen die Person · Teil 1
Erneute Inhaftierung nach Haftprüfung
Wer allein oder als Mitglied eines Gerichts jemanden, der aufgrund eines Haftprüfungsbefehls freigelassen wurde, wissentlich und widerrechtlich aus demselben Grund erneut in Haft nimmt oder in seiner Freiheit beschränkt, macht sich strafbar.
Strafebis zu 6 Monate oder bis $1.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 363 — Erneute Inhaftierung nach HaftprüfungWortlautzu
Wer allein oder als Mitglied eines Gerichts jemanden, der aufgrund eines Haftprüfungsbefehls freigelassen wurde, wissentlich und widerrechtlich aus demselben Grund erneut in Haft nimmt oder in seiner Freiheit beschränkt, macht sich strafbar.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Vergehen (misdemeanor); im Paragrafen ist kein eigenes Strafmass genannt.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
guilty of a misdemeanor
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Every person who, either solely or as member of a Court, knowingly and unlawfully recommits, imprisons, or restrains of his liberty, for the same cause, any person who has been discharged upon a writ of habeas corpus, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
Kein eigenes Strafmaß im Text. Dann gilt Cal. Penal Code § 19: bis 6 Monate Haft oder bis $1.000 — diese Zahlen stehen dort, nicht hier.
Straftaten gegen die Person mit sexuellem Übergriff sowie Straftaten gegen die öffentliche Sittlichkeit · Teil 1
Unbefugte Benutzung von Luftfahrzeugen
Wer ein fremdes Luftfahrzeug ohne Zustimmung des Eigentümers führt oder wegnimmt, um ihm dauerhaft oder vorübergehend das Eigentum oder den Besitz zu entziehen, macht sich strafbar; auf eine Zueignungsabsicht kommt es nicht an. Ebenso strafbar sind Beteiligte, Gehilfen und Mittäter.
Strafebis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnis· dazu bis $10.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 499d — Unbefugte Benutzung von LuftfahrzeugenWortlautzu
Wer ein fremdes Luftfahrzeug ohne Zustimmung des Eigentümers führt oder wegnimmt, um ihm dauerhaft oder vorübergehend das Eigentum oder den Besitz zu entziehen, macht sich strafbar; auf eine Zueignungsabsicht kommt es nicht an. Ebenso strafbar sind Beteiligte, Gehilfen und Mittäter.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h oder Geldstrafe bis zu 10.000 US-Dollar oder Geld- und Freiheitsstrafe zusammen.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Any person who operates or takes an aircraft not his own, without the consent of the owner thereof, and with intent to either permanently or temporarily deprive the owner thereof of his title to or possession of such vehicle, whether with or without intent to steal the same, or any person who is a party or accessory to or an accomplice in any operation or unauthorized taking or stealing is guilty of a felony, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Any person who operates or takes an aircraft not his own, without the consent of the owner thereof, and with intent to either permanently or temporarily deprive the owner thereof of his title to or possession of such vehicle, whether with or without intent to steal the same, or any person who is a party or accessory to or an accomplice in any operation or unauthorized taking or stealing is guilty of a felony, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $10.000
Stufe steht nicht im Gesetz
Unerlaubt auf der Olympia-Spur gefahren
Für die Olympischen und Paralympischen Spiele 2028 dürfen die Verkehrsbehörden bestimmte Spuren als Olympia-Route („games route network“) ausweisen. Dort darf nur fahren, wessen Fahrzeug eine von den Spielen ausgegebene Plakette trägt; im Übrigen gilt, was die Verkehrszeichen anordnen. Einsatzfahrzeuge und der öffentliche Nahverkehr sind ausgenommen. Die Überwachung darf durch Kameras erfolgen, die nur Heckkennzeichen und Plakette aufnehmen dürfen; vorher muss es eine Aufklärungskampagne und mindestens 30 Tage lang blosse Verwarnungen geben. Der Halter bekommt den Bescheid binnen 15 Tagen zugestellt.
Strafe$293 — kein Gefängnis im Text
Cal. Veh. Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Veh. Code § 21655.10 — Unerlaubt auf der Olympia-Spur gefahrenWortlautzu
Für die Olympischen und Paralympischen Spiele 2028 dürfen die Verkehrsbehörden bestimmte Spuren als Olympia-Route („games route network“) ausweisen. Dort darf nur fahren, wessen Fahrzeug eine von den Spielen ausgegebene Plakette trägt; im Übrigen gilt, was die Verkehrszeichen anordnen. Einsatzfahrzeuge und der öffentliche Nahverkehr sind ausgenommen. Die Überwachung darf durch Kameras erfolgen, die nur Heckkennzeichen und Plakette aufnehmen dürfen; vorher muss es eine Aufklärungskampagne und mindestens 30 Tage lang blosse Verwarnungen geben. Der Halter bekommt den Bescheid binnen 15 Tagen zugestellt.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Zivilrechtliche Geldbusse von 293 US-Dollar. Gegen Einsatzfahrzeuge und Fahrzeuge des öffentlichen Nahverkehrs wird sie nicht verhängt. Sie steht neben einer Anzeige durch die Polizei, für dieselbe Tat muss aber nur einmal gezahlt werden: Führt die Anzeige zu einem rechtskräftigen Urteil, entfällt die Geldbusse.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(o) (1) A civil penalty of two hundred ninety-three dollars ($293) shall be assessed for a violation of subdivision (a).
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) The department and local authorities, with respect to highways under their respective jurisdictions, may authorize or temporarily permit exclusive or preferential use of high-occupancy vehicle lanes, high-occupancy toll lanes, and other lanes, regardless of the number of passengers in the vehicle, for the games route network if the vehicle displays a distinctive decal, label, or other identifier issued by the organizers of the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games that clearly distinguishes the vehicle is being operated on the games route network during a 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period. A person shall not drive a vehicle upon those lanes except in conformity with the instructions imparted by the official traffic control devices. Exclusive or preferential use of those lanes shall not exclude authorized emergency vehicles as defined by Section 165, or public transit. (b) The design of the decal, label, or other identifier issued by the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games organizers shall be approved by the department, in collaboration with the Department of the California Highway Patrol, and shall display a serial number or identification number to verify that the decal, label, or other identifier is being used on the vehicle for which it is issued. (c) For purposes of this section: (1) “Automated enforcement system” means any combination of cameras, sensors, mobile applications, or other technology used to identify and cite violations of subdivision (a). An automated enforcement system does not include video cameras that continuously capture video footage of the roadways. An automated enforcement system may include personnel. (2) “Department” means the Department of Transportation. (3) “Games route network” means dedicated traffic lanes for travel used during the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period, as identified by the department or a local authority, in consultation with the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games organizers. (4) “2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period” means the days identified by the department for which the games route network shall be operable. (5) “Program operator” means a local authority or regional transportation agency administering the automated enforcement system pursuant to an agreement authorized by this section. (6) “Regional transportation agency” has the same meaning as subdivision (k) of Section 149.7 of the Streets and Highways Code. (d) The department, on highways in its jurisdiction, in consultation with state, local, and regional authorities and other relevant stakeholders, may establish a program for automated enforcement of drivers of vehicles that fail to obey the directions of a traffic control device establishing the games route network pursuant to subdivision (a) during the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period. (e) (1) A program operator shall administer a public information campaign at least 120 calendar days before implementation of an automated enforcement system pursuant to this section. (2) (A) Following the public information campaign described in paragraph (1), the program operator shall use automated enforcement systems to issue a warning letter to users of the games route network lanes for at least 30 days, unless the department determines a longer period is appropriate. A warning letter shall include the following information: (i) The dates of the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period. (ii) Restrictions on the use of the games route network during the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period. (iii) A statement that an automated enforcement system will be used to issue notices of violation for improper use of the games route network and the date that issuance of notices of violations will commence. (iv) The amount of the civil penalty to be assessed for improper use of the games route network. (B) Multiple warning letters may be issued to the registered owner of a vehicle during the warning period. (f) The program operator shall provide signage clearly identifying the presence of the automated enforcement on signs approved by the department. The signs shall be visible to traffic traveling on the highway from the direction of travel for which the automated enforcement system is used and shall be posted at locations as may be determined necessary by the department after consultation with the California Traffic Control Devices Committee. (g) The automated enforcement system cameras, to the extent feasible, shall be angled and focused so as to only capture images of the rear license plate and a decal, label, or other identifier as described in subdivision (b). Images shall not capture identifying images of the driver, passengers, pedestrians, or other vehicles and their drivers. Any identifying images captured beyond the rear license plate, the rear of the car below the back windshield, and the decal, label, or other identifier described in subdivision (b) shall be blurred and rendered unrecognizable. (h) The development and adoption of an automated enforcement program pursuant to this section is exempt from the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code). (i) (1) The photographic evidence stored by an automated enforcement system operated pursuant to this section shall not constitute an out-of-court hearsay statement by a declarant under Division 10 (commencing with Section 1200) of the Evidence Code. (2) Notwithstanding any provision of the California Public Records Act (Division 10 (commencing with Section 7920.000) of Title 1 of the Government Code), or any other law, any photographic image or administrative record made by an automated enforcement system operated pursuant to this section is confidential. The program operator shall use and allow access to these records only for the purposes authorized by this section. Data about the number of violations issued is not considered an administrative record prohibited from disclosure by this section and is subject to disclosure under applicable law. (3) Notwithstanding any provision of the California Public Records Act (Division 10 (commencing with Section 7920.000) of Title 1 of the Government Code), or any other law, information obtained from the Department of Motor Vehicles for the administration and enforcement of this section is confidential and shall not be used for any other purpose. A program operator and its contractors or agents shall establish procedures to protect the confidentiality of these records consistent with Section 1808.47. To the extent a high-occupancy toll lane is included in the games route network during the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period, this section shall control the use, storage, and disclosure of all data or personally identifiable information collected for administration and enforcement. Section 31490 of the Streets and Highways Code shall not apply to any data or personally identifiable information collected for administration or enforcement pursuant to this section. (4) Except for court records described in Section 68152 of the Government Code, or as provided in paragraph (5), photographic images, administrative records, and confidential information described in paragraphs (2) and (3) may be retained by the program operator for up to 30 days after final disposition of the notice of violation, after which time the information shall be destroyed. Notwithstanding any other law, the confidential records and evidence shall be destroyed in a manner that maintains the confidentiality of any person included in the record or evidence. (5) Photographic evidence that is obtained from an automated enforcement system that does not result in the issuance of a notice of violation shall be destroyed within five business days after the image was first taken. The use of facial recognition technology in conjunction with an automated enforcement system shall be prohibited. (6) Information collected and maintained by the program operator shall only be used to administer the automated enforcement program and shall not be disclosed to any other persons, including, but not limited to, any other federal, state, or local governmental agency or official for any other purpose, except as required by a court order, or in response to a search warrant in an individual case or proceeding. These records shall not be used in conjunction with biometric identifying technology, including, but not limited to, facial recognition technology that identifies specific individuals. (j) The registered owner or an individual identified by the registered owner as the driver of the vehicle at the time of the alleged violation shall be permitted to review and obtain a copy of the photograph of the alleged violation. (k) (1) The department may enter into an agreement with a local authority or a regional transportation agency to administer a program pursuant to this section and become the program operator. The agreement shall include a provision that all data collected from the automated enforcement system is confidential and shall prohibit the regional transportation agency from sharing, repurposing, or monetizing collected data, except as specifically authorized in this section. Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter or supersede the authority of a regional transportation agency over toll collection, toll enforcement, or ExpressLanes operations authorized pursuant to other laws or agreements. The agreement shall address which entity will maintain control and have the final decisionmaking authority over all enforcement activities, including the determination of when a notice of violation should be issued. (2) The development, implementation, and operation of all aspects of an automated enforcement system pursuant to this section, including, but not limited to, distribution of revenue, operating conditions, and enforcement, shall be subject to subdivision (r) and the agreement between the department or program operator and the regional transportation agency. (l) A program operator may enter into contracts with manufacturers or suppliers of automated enforcement systems to purchase or lease materials or equipment. However, any contract pursuant to this subdivision shall allow the program operator to purchase or lease equipment and materials based on services rendered at intervals agreed to by the program operator and contractor. The contract shall not allow for payment or compensation based on the number of notices of violation issued by the automated enforcement system or based on a percentage of revenue generated from the use of the system. The contract shall include a provision that all data collected from the automated enforcement system is confidential and shall prohibit the contractor from sharing, repurposing, or monetizing collected data. The program operator shall oversee, maintain control, and have the final decision over all enforcement activities, including the determination of when a notice of violation should be issued. (m) The program operator may contract with a vendor for the processing of notices of violation. The vendor shall be a separate legal and corporate entity from, and not related to, or affiliated in any manner with, the manufacturer or supplier of automated enforcement systems used by the program operator. Any contract between the program operator and a vendor to provide processing services may include a provision for the payment of compensation based on the number of notices of violation processed by the vendor. (n) Notwithstanding any other law, a violation of subdivision (a) that is recorded by an automated enforcement system shall be subject only to a civil penalty and shall not result in the Department of Motor Vehicles suspending or revoking driving privileges, preventing registration renewals, or assessing violation points against driving records. (o) (1) A civil penalty of two hundred ninety-three dollars ($293) shall be assessed for a violation of subdivision (a). (2) A civil penalty shall not be assessed against authorized emergency vehicles or public transit vehicles. (p) A notice of violation shall be in writing and issued to the registered owner of the vehicle within 15 calendar days of the date of the violation. The notice of violation shall include all of the following information: (1) The violation, including reference to the law that was violated. (2) A clear image of the license plate and rear of the vehicle. Notices of violation shall exclude images of the rear window area of the vehicle. (3) The date, approximate time, and location of the violation. (4) The vehicle license plate number and the name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle. (5) A statement that payment is required to be made no later than 30 calendar days from the date of mailing of the notice of violation. (6) The amount of the civil penalty and the procedures for payment. (7) A statement that the violation may be contested and the procedures for contesting the violation. (8) An affidavit of nonliability, an explanation of what constitutes nonliability and the effect of executing the affidavit, and instructions for returning the affidavit to the processor. If an affidavit of nonliability is returned to the processing agency within 30 calendar days of the mailing of the notice of violation, together with proof of a written lease or rental agreement between a bona fide rental company, as defined in Section 1939.01 of the Civil Code, or a personal vehicle sharing program, as defined in Section 11580.24 of the Insurance Code, and its customer that identifies the renter or lessee, the processing agency shall serve or mail a notice of violation to the renter or lessee identified in the affidavit of nonliability. If the affidavit of nonliability is returned to the processing agency within 30 calendar days of the mailing of the notice of violation, together with proof of a copy of a police report indicating the vehicle had been stolen at the time of the violation, the processing agency shall not subject the registered owner to a violation or penalty pursuant to this section. (9) A proof of service consistent with Section 1013a of the Code of Civil Procedure. (q) (1) A civil penalty imposed under this section is separate and independent from any enforcement action taken by a peace officer under this code. The issuance of a notice of violation under this section does not preclude a peace officer from issuing a citation for a violation arising from the same conduct. (2) To avoid duplicative monetary sanctions, a person shall not be required to pay more than one monetary penalty for the same underlying act. If a citation issued by a peace officer results in a final judgment, any civil penalty issued for the same act shall be dismissed and no civil penalty shall be collected. (r) (1) Moneys generated from automated enforcement violations pursuant to this section shall be deposited into the Games Route Network Account, which is hereby created in the State Transportation Fund. Moneys received in the account shall be continuously appropriated and made available for the following purposes: (A) To support the administration of the automated enforcement system for the games route network. (B) To be transferred to the State Highway Account or the Motor Vehicle Account to cover the department’s costs for the construction, maintenance, and deconstruction of the games route network or to cover the Department of the California Highway Patrol’s costs for enforcement efforts related to the games route network. (2) Any transfers from the Games Route Network Account to the State Highway Account or the Motor Vehicle Account shall be approved by the Department of Finance and are exempt from the requirements described in Section 183.1 of the Streets and Highways Code. (s) (1) No later than 30 calendar days from the date of mailing of a notice of violation, the recipient may request an initial review of the notice by the program operator. The request may be made by telephone, in writing, electronically, or in person. There shall be no charge for this review. If, following the initial review, the program operator is satisfied that the violation did not occur, or that extenuating circumstances make cancellation of the notice of violation appropriate in the interest of justice, the program operator shall cancel the notice of violation. The program operator shall mail the results of the initial review to the person contesting the notice within 60 days of receipt of the recipient’s request for an initial review, and, if cancellation of the notice does not occur following that review, include a reason for that denial, notification of the ability to request an administrative hearing, and notice of the procedures adopted by the program operator for the administrative hearing, including for waiving prepayment of the civil penalty based upon an inability to pay. (2) If the person contesting the notice of violation is dissatisfied with the results of the initial review conducted by the program operator, the person may, no later than 21 calendar days following the mailing of the results of the initial review, request an administrative hearing of the violation. The request may be made by telephone, in writing, electronically, or in person. (3) The person requesting an administrative hearing shall pay the amount of the civil penalty to the program operator. There shall be no additional charge for this hearing. The program operator shall adopt a written procedure to allow a person to request an administrative hearing without payment of the civil penalty upon satisfactory proof of an inability to pay the amount due. (4) The administrative hearing shall be held within 90 calendar days following the receipt of a request for an administrative hearing. The person requesting the hearing may request one continuance, not to exceed 21 calendar days. (t) The administrative hearing process shall include all of the following: (1) The person requesting a hearing shall have the choice of a hearing upon written declaration, video conference, or in person. An in-person hearing shall be conducted within the department district where the citation was issued. (2) If the person requesting a hearing is an unemancipated minor, that person shall be permitted to appear at a hearing or admit responsibility for the automated enforcement violation without the appointment of a guardian. The program operator may proceed against the minor in the same manner as against an adult. (3) The administrative hearing shall be conducted in accordance with written procedures established by the program operator. The hearing shall provide an independent, objective, fair, and impartial review of contested automated enforcement violations. (4) (A) The program operator shall appoint or contract with qualified independent examiners or administrative hearing providers that employ qualified independent examiners to conduct the administrative hearings. Examiners shall demonstrate the qualifications, training, and objectivity necessary to conduct a fair and impartial review, and shall meet the minimum requirements specified in subparagraph (B). The examiner shall not be involved with the initial issuance of the notice of violation or the processing functions of that violation. An examiner’s continued employment, performance evaluation, compensation, and benefits shall not, directly or indirectly, be linked to the amount of civil penalties upheld by the examiner or the number or percentage of violations upheld by the examiner. (B) (i) Examiners shall have a minimum of 20 hours of training. The examiner, unless an employee of the program operator, is responsible for the costs of the training. The program operator may reimburse the examiner for those costs. Training may be provided through any of the following: (I) An accredited college or university. (II) A program conducted by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training. (III) A program conducted by the American Arbitration Association or a similar organization. (IV) Any program approved by the program operator, including a program developed and provided by, or for, the program operator. (ii) Training programs shall include topics relevant to the administrative hearing, including, but not limited to, applicable laws and regulations, enforcement procedures, due process, evaluation of evidence, hearing procedures, and effective oral and written communication. Upon the approval of the program operator, up to 12 hours of relevant experience may be substituted for up to 12 hours of training. Up to eight hours of the training requirements described in this subparagraph may be credited to an individual, at the discretion of the program operator, based upon training programs or courses described in this subparagraph that the individual attended within the last five years. (5) The individual who issued a notice of violation shall not be required to participate in the administrative hearing. To establish a violation, the program operator shall not be required to produce any evidence other than, in proper form, the notice of violation or copy thereof, including the photograph of the vehicle’s license plate, and information received from the Department of Motor Vehicles identifying the registered owner of the vehicle. The documentation in proper form shall be prima facie evidence of the violation. If the program operator meets its initial burden, the recipient of the notice of violation may present any evidence and argument in defense. (6) The examiner’s final decision following the administrative hearing may be personally delivered to the person by the examiner or sent by first-class mail within 60 days of the date of the conclusion of the administrative hearing. (7) Following a determination by the examiner that a person has committed the violation, the examiner or the program operator shall offer to offenders who otherwise provide evidence satisfactory to the examiner or the program operator of an inability to pay the civil penalty in full in one installment, the option to pay applicable fines and penalties over a period of time under a payment plan with monthly installments not to exceed fifty dollars ($50). Any processing fee to participate in a payment plan shall not exceed five dollars ($5). (8) If a notice of violation is dismissed following an administrative hearing, any civil penalty, if paid, shall be refunded by the program operator within 30 days. (u) (1) Within 30 days after personal delivery or mailing of the final decision, the contestant may seek review by filing an appeal to the superior court, where the case shall be heard de novo, except that the contents of the program operator’s file in the case on appeal shall be lodged by the program operator at its expense and shall be received into evidence. A copy of the notice of violation shall be admitted into evidence as prima facie evidence of the facts stated in the notice. A copy of the notice of appeal shall be served in person or by certified first-class mail with return receipt upon the program operator by the appellant. For purposes of computing the 30-day period, Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall be applicable. A proceeding under this subdivision is a limited civil case. (2) The fee for filing the notice of appeal shall be as provided in Section 70615 of the Government Code. Upon receipt of the notice of appeal, the program operator shall lodge its administrative record for the case with the court within 15 calendar days. The court shall notify the appellant of the appearance date by mail or personal delivery. The court shall retain the fee under Section 70615 of the Government Code regardless of the outcome of the appeal. If the appellant prevails, this fee and any payment of the civil penalty shall be promptly refunded by the program operator in accordance with the judgment of the court. (3) The conduct of the hearing on appeal under this section is a subordinate judicial duty that may be performed by a commissioner or other subordinate judicial officer at the direction of the presiding judge of the court. (4) If a notice of appeal of the examiner’s decision is not filed within the period set forth in paragraph (1), the decision shall be deemed final. (5) If the civil penalty has not been paid and the final decision is adverse to the appellant, the program operator may, promptly after the decision becomes final, proceed to collect the civil penalty. (v) (1) The program operator shall allow offenders who qualify for a reduced penalty pursuant to paragraph (2) to pay fines and penalties under this section over a period of time under a payment plan with monthly installments of no more than twenty-five dollars ($25) and shall limit any processing fee to participate in the payment plan to five dollars ($5) or less. (2) The program operator shall reduce fines and penalties under this section by 80 percent for indigent persons and by 50 percent for individuals with incomes that do not exceed 250 percent of the official federal poverty line. (3) A person may demonstrate that they are indigent or have an income that does not exceed 250 percent of the official federal poverty line by providing either of the following information, as applicable: (A) Proof of income from a pay stub or another document showing proof of earnings, including, but not limited to, a bank statement that shows the person meets the income criteria set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 68632 of the Government Code, subject to review and approval by the program operator or its designee. The program operator or its designee shall not unreasonably withhold its approval. (B) Proof of receipt of benefits under the programs described in subdivision (a) of Section 68632 of the Government Code, including, but not limited to, an electronic benefits transfer card or another card, subject to review and approval by the program operator. The program operator or its designee shall not unreasonably withhold its approval. (w) Each program operator that is not the department shall report information to the department, as it requests, to conduct an evaluation of the program. (x) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2029, and as of that date is repealed.
: civil penalty
Verkehrsregeln · Teil 11 · Geldstrafe $293
Missbrauch der Amtsgewalt bei Festnahme, Pfändung und Räumung
Ein Amtsträger oder eine Person, die sich als solcher ausgibt, macht sich strafbar, wenn sie unter dem Anschein einer gerichtlichen Anordnung oder Amtsbefugnis, aber ohne ordnungsgemäße Grundlage jemanden festnimmt oder gegen seinen Willen festhält, Sachen pfändet oder beschlagnahmt oder jemanden aus Grundstücken oder Räumen setzt.
Strafebis zu 6 Monate oder bis $1.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 146 — Missbrauch der Amtsgewalt bei Festnahme, Pfändung und RäumungWortlautzu
Ein Amtsträger oder eine Person, die sich als solcher ausgibt, macht sich strafbar, wenn sie unter dem Anschein einer gerichtlichen Anordnung oder Amtsbefugnis, aber ohne ordnungsgemäße Grundlage jemanden festnimmt oder gegen seinen Willen festhält, Sachen pfändet oder beschlagnahmt oder jemanden aus Grundstücken oder Räumen setzt.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Als Vergehen (misdemeanor) strafbar.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Every public officer, or person pretending to be a public officer, who, under the pretense or color of any process or other legal authority, does any of the following, without a regular process or other lawful authority, is guilty of a misdemeanor:
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Every public officer, or person pretending to be a public officer, who, under the pretense or color of any process or other legal authority, does any of the following, without a regular process or other lawful authority, is guilty of a misdemeanor: (a) Arrests any person or detains that person against his or her will. (b) Seizes or levies upon any property. (c) Dispossesses any one of any lands or tenements.
Kein eigenes Strafmaß im Text. Dann gilt Cal. Penal Code § 19: bis 6 Monate Haft oder bis $1.000 — diese Zahlen stehen dort, nicht hier.
Straftaten gegen die Rechtspflege · Teil 1
Erzwungenes Zusammenleben in einer sexuellen Beziehung
Wer eine andere Person widerrechtlich und gegen deren Willen durch Gewalt, Drohung oder Zwang dazu bringt, mit ihm oder mit einer dritten Person in einer außerehelichen sexuellen Beziehung zusammenzuleben, macht sich strafbar.
Strafenormalerweise 2 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
16 Monate·2 Jahre·3 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „16 Monate · 2 Jahre · 3 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „16 months, or two or three years“
Cal. Penal Code § 266b — Erzwungenes Zusammenleben in einer sexuellen BeziehungWortlautzu
Wer eine andere Person widerrechtlich und gegen deren Willen durch Gewalt, Drohung oder Zwang dazu bringt, mit ihm oder mit einer dritten Person in einer außerehelichen sexuellen Beziehung zusammenzuleben, macht sich strafbar.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe nach Section 1170 Buchstabe h.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Every person who takes any other person unlawfully, and against his or her will, and by force, menace, or duress, compels him or her to live with such person in an illicit relation, against his or her consent, or to so live with any other person, is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Every person who takes any other person unlawfully, and against his or her will, and by force, menace, or duress, compels him or her to live with such person in an illicit relation, against his or her consent, or to so live with any other person, is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.
Straftaten gegen die Person mit sexuellem Übergriff sowie Straftaten gegen die öffentliche Sittlichkeit · Teil 1
Falsche Fahrzeugpapiere zeigen, um die Zulassung zu umgehen
Verboten ist, eine Zulassungsbescheinigung, einen Fahrzeugausweis, eine vorläufige Bescheinigung, ein Kennzeichen oder eine Genehmigung zu zeigen oder einem Polizisten vorzulegen, die nicht für dieses Fahrzeug ausgestellt wurde (§ 4462 Absatz b). Nach diesem Paragraphen wird es zur Straftat, wenn der Täter das tut, um die Pflicht zur Zulassung des Fahrzeugs zu umgehen.
Strafebis zu 6 Monate oder bis $1.000
Cal. Veh. Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Veh. Code § 4462.5 — Falsche Fahrzeugpapiere zeigen, um die Zulassung zu umgehenWortlautzu
Verboten ist, eine Zulassungsbescheinigung, einen Fahrzeugausweis, eine vorläufige Bescheinigung, ein Kennzeichen oder eine Genehmigung zu zeigen oder einem Polizisten vorzulegen, die nicht für dieses Fahrzeug ausgestellt wurde (§ 4462 Absatz b). Nach diesem Paragraphen wird es zur Straftat, wenn der Täter das tut, um die Pflicht zur Zulassung des Fahrzeugs zu umgehen.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Vergehen. Der Paragraph nennt keinen eigenen Rahmen; es gilt der Auffangrahmen des § 42002 Vehicle Code: Geldstrafe bis 1.000 US-Dollar oder Haft bis zu sechs Monaten im County Jail, oder beides. Diese Zahlen stehen dort, nicht in diesem Paragraphen.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Every person who commits a violation of subdivision (b) of Section 4462, with intent to avoid compliance with vehicle registration requirements of Article 1 (commencing with Section 4000) of Chapter 1 or Article 1 (commencing with Section 5600) of Chapter 2, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Every person who commits a violation of subdivision (b) of Section 4462, with intent to avoid compliance with vehicle registration requirements of Article 1 (commencing with Section 4000) of Chapter 1 or Article 1 (commencing with Section 5600) of Chapter 2, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
Kein eigenes Strafmaß im Text. Dann gilt Cal. Penal Code § 19: bis 6 Monate Haft oder bis $1.000 — diese Zahlen stehen dort, nicht hier.
Zulassung von Fahrzeugen · Teil 3
Erpressung
Erpressung begeht, wer einem anderen mit Gewalt oder mit einer der in § 519 genannten Drohungen Vermögen oder eine andere Leistung abnötigt, ohne dass zugleich Raub oder Autoraub vorliegt. Die Drohung kann sich etwa auf eine Verletzung, eine Anzeige oder die Bloßstellung des Opfers richten.
Strafenormalerweise 3 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
2·3·4 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „2 · 3 · 4 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „two, three or four years“
Cal. Penal Code § 520 — ErpressungWortlautzu
Erpressung begeht, wer einem anderen mit Gewalt oder mit einer der in § 519 genannten Drohungen Vermögen oder eine andere Leistung abnötigt, ohne dass zugleich Raub oder Autoraub vorliegt. Die Drohung kann sich etwa auf eine Verletzung, eine Anzeige oder die Bloßstellung des Opfers richten.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h von zwei, drei oder vier Jahren.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Every person who extorts property or other consideration from another, under circumstances not amounting to robbery or carjacking, by means of force, or any threat, such as is mentioned in Section 519, shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three or four years.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Every person who extorts property or other consideration from another, under circumstances not amounting to robbery or carjacking, by means of force, or any threat, such as is mentioned in Section 519, shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three or four years.
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1
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Orientierung, keine verbindliche Auskunft — das letzte Wort hat das Gericht. Katalog: leginfo.legislature.ca.gov — California Penal Code, Stand 2026-08-30, 1419 Paragraphen. Verbindlich ist der englische Wortlaut; die deutsche Fassung ist eine Arbeitsübersetzung und steht an jedem Paragraphen zum Aufklappen daneben — für 5 Paragraphen liegt sie noch nicht vor.