Department of Justice
Welche Paragraphen gelten?
Sagen Sie, was passiert ist — und Sie bekommen die Paragraphen des kalifornischen Gesetzes, die dafür gelten. Jeden mit Fundstelle zum Kopieren.
1Was ist passiert?
Schreiben Sie in eigenen Worten, was passiert ist. Ganze Sätze sind richtig; steckt mehr als eine Tat darin, werden sie getrennt. Ein Stichwort geht genauso — „Raub“, „Einbruch“, „211“.
124 Taten gefunden · Seite 9 von 11
Rezept fälschen, um an harte Drogen zu kommen
Verboten ist, ein Rezept zu fälschen oder zu verändern, ein verändertes Rezept einzureichen oder in Umlauf zu bringen, oder ein Rezept mit gefälschter oder erfundener Unterschrift über ein Betäubungsmittel auszustellen oder einzureichen. Ebenso strafbar ist, wer mit einem gefälschten, erfundenen oder veränderten Rezept ein Betäubungsmittel bekommt oder ein so beschafftes Betäubungsmittel besitzt.
Strafe6 Monate bis 1 Jahr Gefängnis
Cal. Health & Safety Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Health & Safety Code § 11368 — Rezept fälschen, um an harte Drogen zu kommenWortlautzu
Verboten ist, ein Rezept zu fälschen oder zu verändern, ein verändertes Rezept einzureichen oder in Umlauf zu bringen, oder ein Rezept mit gefälschter oder erfundener Unterschrift über ein Betäubungsmittel auszustellen oder einzureichen. Ebenso strafbar ist, wer mit einem gefälschten, erfundenen oder veränderten Rezept ein Betäubungsmittel bekommt oder ein so beschafftes Betäubungsmittel besitzt.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe von mindestens sechs Monaten bis zu einem Jahr im County Jail oder Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Every person who forges or alters a prescription or who issues or utters an altered prescription, or who issues or utters a prescription bearing a forged or fictitious signature for any narcotic drug, or who obtains any narcotic drug by any forged, fictitious, or altered prescription, or who has in possession any narcotic drug secured by a forged, fictitious, or altered prescription, shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than six months nor more than one year, or in the state prison.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Every person who forges or alters a prescription or who issues or utters an altered prescription, or who issues or utters a prescription bearing a forged or fictitious signature for any narcotic drug, or who obtains any narcotic drug by any forged, fictitious, or altered prescription, or who has in possession any narcotic drug secured by a forged, fictitious, or altered prescription, shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than six months nor more than one year, or in the state prison.
Betäubungsmittel · Teil 10
Stufe steht nicht im Gesetz
Strafschärfung für den Weiterverkauf von Diebesgut aus dem Einzelhandel
Wer Waren, die durch Ladendiebstahl, Diebstahl oder Einbruch bei einem Einzelhändler erlangt wurden, verkauft, tauscht oder gegen Erstattung zurückgibt oder dies versucht, erhält eine nach dem Warenwert gestaffelte Zusatzstrafe. Es kommt nicht darauf an, ob er den Diebstahl selbst begangen hat.
Zuschlag, keine eigene Tat. Der Wert kommt voll auf die Strafe einer anderen Tat obendrauf — die Tat gehört also mit in den Fall, sonst gibt es nichts, worauf er kommt.
Zuschlag1 Jahr bis 4 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 12022.10 — Strafschärfung für den Weiterverkauf von Diebesgut aus dem EinzelhandelWortlautzu
Wer Waren, die durch Ladendiebstahl, Diebstahl oder Einbruch bei einem Einzelhändler erlangt wurden, verkauft, tauscht oder gegen Erstattung zurückgibt oder dies versucht, erhält eine nach dem Warenwert gestaffelte Zusatzstrafe. Es kommt nicht darauf an, ob er den Diebstahl selbst begangen hat.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Zusätzliche und anschliessend zu verbüssende Freiheitsstrafe von einem Jahr bei einem Warenwert über 50.000 Dollar, von zwei Jahren über 200.000 Dollar, von drei Jahren über 1.000.000 Dollar und von vier Jahren über 3.000.000 Dollar.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(1) If the property value exceeds fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), the court, in addition and consecutive to the punishment prescribed for the crime of which the defendant has been convicted, shall impose an additional term of one year.
(2) If the property value exceeds two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), the court, in addition and consecutive to the punishment prescribed for the crime of which the defendant has been convicted, shall impose an additional term of two years.
(3) If the property value exceeds one million dollars ($1,000,000), the court, in addition and consecutive to the punishment prescribed for the crime of which the defendant has been convicted, shall impose an additional term of three years.
(4) If the property value exceeds three million dollars ($3,000,000), the court, in addition and consecutive to the punishment prescribed for the crime of which the defendant has been convicted, shall impose an additional term of four years.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) When a person sells, exchanges, or returns for value, or attempts to sell, exchange, or return for value, property acquired through one or more acts of shoplifting, theft, or burglary from a retail business, whether or not the person committed the act of shoplifting, theft, or burglary, the court shall impose an additional term as follows: (1) If the property value exceeds fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), the court, in addition and consecutive to the punishment prescribed for the crime of which the defendant has been convicted, shall impose an additional term of one year. (2) If the property value exceeds two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), the court, in addition and consecutive to the punishment prescribed for the crime of which the defendant has been convicted, shall impose an additional term of two years. (3) If the property value exceeds one million dollars ($1,000,000), the court, in addition and consecutive to the punishment prescribed for the crime of which the defendant has been convicted, shall impose an additional term of three years. (4) If the property value exceeds three million dollars ($3,000,000), the court, in addition and consecutive to the punishment prescribed for the crime of which the defendant has been convicted, shall impose an additional term of four years. (5) For each property value of three million dollars ($3,000,000), the court shall impose a term of one year in addition to the term specified in paragraph (4). (b) When a person acts in concert with another to sell, exchange, or return for value, or attempts to sell, exchange, or return for value, property acquired through one or more acts of shoplifting, theft, or burglary from a retail business, whether or not the person committed the act of shoplifting, theft, or burglary, the court shall impose the additional term specified in subdivision (a). (c) In an accusatory pleading involving multiple charges of sales, exchanges, or returns for value, or attempts to do the same, the additional terms provided in this section may be imposed when the aggregate value of the property involved exceeds the amounts specified in this section and arises from a common scheme or plan. All pleadings under this section are subject to the rules of joinder and severance stated in Section 954. (d) The additional terms provided in this section shall not be imposed unless the facts relating to the amounts provided in this section are charged in the accusatory pleading and admitted by the defendant or found to be true by the trier of fact. (e) Notwithstanding any other law, the court may impose an enhancement pursuant to this section and another section on a single count. (f) It is the intent of the Legislature that the provisions of this section be reviewed within five years to consider the effects of inflation on the additional terms imposed. For that reason, this section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2030, and as of that date is repealed unless a later enacted statute, that is enacted before January 1, 2030, deletes or extends that date.
- Strafschärfung — der Wert ist ein Zusatzterm, keine Grundstrafe
Strafschärfungen · Teil 4
Korruption des Leiters der Staatsdruckerei
Kommt der Superintendent of State Printing mit Lieferanten, Bietern oder anderen Personen zu einer korrupten Absprache oder geheimen Verständigung, um den Staat zu schädigen oder zu betrügen, macht er sich strafbar. Mit der Verurteilung verliert er sein Amt.
Strafe$1.000 – $10.000 — kein Gefängnis im Text
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 100 — Korruption des Leiters der StaatsdruckereiWortlautzu
Kommt der Superintendent of State Printing mit Lieferanten, Bietern oder anderen Personen zu einer korrupten Absprache oder geheimen Verständigung, um den Staat zu schädigen oder zu betrügen, macht er sich strafbar. Mit der Verurteilung verliert er sein Amt.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Amtsverlust sowie Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis und Geldstrafe von mindestens 1.000 und höchstens 10.000 Dollar oder beides.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
If the Superintendent of State Printing corruptly colludes with any person or persons furnishing paper or materials, or bidding therefor, or with any other person or persons, or has any secret understanding with him or them, by himself or through others, to defraud the state, or by which the state is defrauded or made to sustain a loss, contrary to the true intent and meaning of this chapter, he, upon conviction thereof, forfeits his office, and is subject to imprisonment in the state prison, and to a fine of not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000) nor more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or both such fine and
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
If the Superintendent of State Printing corruptly colludes with any person or persons furnishing paper or materials, or bidding therefor, or with any other person or persons, or has any secret understanding with him or them, by himself or through others, to defraud the state, or by which the state is defrauded or made to sustain a loss, contrary to the true intent and meaning of this chapter, he, upon conviction thereof, forfeits his office, and is subject to imprisonment in the state prison, and to a fine of not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000) nor more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or both such fine and imprisonment.
Straftaten gegen die Rechtspflege · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe $1.000 – $10.000
Falschangaben in aufsichtsbehördlichen Ermittlungen
Wer in einem Verfahren wegen Verstoßes gegen das kalifornische Wertpapierrecht, das Warenterminrecht oder Section 16755 Business and Professions Code oder in einer Untersuchung einer kalifornischen Fachbehörde wissentlich und vorsätzlich wesentliche Tatsachen verfälscht, falsch darstellt oder verschweigt oder falsche, erfundene, irreführende oder betrügerische Angaben macht, macht sich strafbar. Ebenso, wer einen anderen dazu veranlasst.
Strafe1 Jahr Gefängnis· dazu $25.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 131 — Falschangaben in aufsichtsbehördlichen ErmittlungenWortlautzu
Wer in einem Verfahren wegen Verstoßes gegen das kalifornische Wertpapierrecht, das Warenterminrecht oder Section 16755 Business and Professions Code oder in einer Untersuchung einer kalifornischen Fachbehörde wissentlich und vorsätzlich wesentliche Tatsachen verfälscht, falsch darstellt oder verschweigt oder falsche, erfundene, irreführende oder betrügerische Angaben macht, macht sich strafbar. Ebenso, wer einen anderen dazu veranlasst.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Als Vergehen (misdemeanor) strafbar, mit Freiheitsstrafe.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Every person in any matter under investigation for a violation of the Corporate Securities Law of 1968 (Part 1 (commencing with Section 25000) of Division 1 of Title 4 of the Corporations Code), the California Commodity Law of 1990 (Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 29500) of Division 4.5 of Title 4 of the Corporations Code), Section 16755 of the Business and Professions Code, or in connection with an investigation conducted by the head of a department of the State of California relating to the business activities and subjects under the jurisdiction of the
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Every person in any matter under investigation for a violation of the Corporate Securities Law of 1968 (Part 1 (commencing with Section 25000) of Division 1 of Title 4 of the Corporations Code), the California Commodity Law of 1990 (Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 29500) of Division 4.5 of Title 4 of the Corporations Code), Section 16755 of the Business and Professions Code, or in connection with an investigation conducted by the head of a department of the State of California relating to the business activities and subjects under the jurisdiction of the department, who knowingly and willfully falsifies, misrepresents, or conceals a material fact or makes any materially false, fictitious, misleading, or fraudulent statement or representation, and any person who knowingly and willfully procures or causes another to violate this section, is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine for each violation of this section. This section does not apply to conduct charged as a violation of Section 118 of this code.
Straftaten gegen die Rechtspflege · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe $25.000
Beiseiteschaffen streitbefangener Sachen
Wer als Beklagter eines laufenden Verfahrens oder als Schuldner eines Urteils auf Herausgabe beweglicher Sachen diese betrügerisch verbirgt, verkauft oder veräußert oder aus dem County verbringt, um den Kläger oder Vollstreckungsgläubiger zu behindern, hinzuhalten oder zu schädigen, macht sich strafbar. Handelt es sich um Warenbestände im Wert von mehr als 250 Dollar, wiegt die Tat schwerer.
Strafe1 Jahr Gefängnis· dazu $1.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 155 — Beiseiteschaffen streitbefangener SachenWortlautzu
Wer als Beklagter eines laufenden Verfahrens oder als Schuldner eines Urteils auf Herausgabe beweglicher Sachen diese betrügerisch verbirgt, verkauft oder veräußert oder aus dem County verbringt, um den Kläger oder Vollstreckungsgläubiger zu behindern, hinzuhalten oder zu schädigen, macht sich strafbar. Handelt es sich um Warenbestände im Wert von mehr als 250 Dollar, wiegt die Tat schwerer.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Geldstrafe bis zu 1.000 Dollar oder beides. Bei Warenbeständen im Wert über 250 Dollar: als Verbrechen (felony) strafbar.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) Every person against whom an action is pending, or against whom a judgment has been rendered for the recovery of any personal property, who fraudulently conceals, sells, or disposes of that property, with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud the person bringing the action or recovering the judgment, or with such intent removes that property beyond the limits of the county in which it may be at the time of the commencement of the action or the rendering of the
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Every person against whom an action is pending, or against whom a judgment has been rendered for the recovery of any personal property, who fraudulently conceals, sells, or disposes of that property, with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud the person bringing the action or recovering the judgment, or with such intent removes that property beyond the limits of the county in which it may be at the time of the commencement of the action or the rendering of the judgment, is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (b) Where the property so concealed, sold, disposed of, or removed consists of a stock in trade, or a part thereof, of a value exceeding two hundred fifty dollars ($250), the offenses shall be a felony and punishable as such.
Straftaten gegen die Rechtspflege · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe $1.000
Freiheitsberaubung
Freiheitsberaubung ist der rechtswidrige Eingriff in die persönliche Bewegungsfreiheit eines anderen Menschen.
Strafenormalerweise 2 Jahre Gefängnis· dazu bis $1.000
Cal. Penal Code §§ , Mehr dazuschliessen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
16 Monate·2 Jahre·3 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „16 Monate · 2 Jahre · 3 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „16 months, or two or three years“
Cal. Penal Code § 236 — FreiheitsberaubungWortlautzu
Freiheitsberaubung ist der rechtswidrige Eingriff in die persönliche Bewegungsfreiheit eines anderen Menschen.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Die Strafe steht in § .
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
False imprisonment is the unlawful violation of the personal liberty of another.
- Strafe steht nicht hier, sondern in §
Straftaten gegen die Person · Teil 1
Cal. Penal Code § 237 — Strafe für FreiheitsberaubungWortlautzu
Der Paragraf legt die Strafe für Freiheitsberaubung fest. Wird die Freiheitsberaubung mit Gewalt, Drohung, Betrug oder Täuschung begangen, ist sie ein Verbrechen. Für Opfer, die alt oder pflegebedürftig sind, gilt eine besondere Regelung.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Geldstrafe bis 1.000 Dollar, bis zu einem Jahr Bezirksgefängnis oder beides. Mit Gewalt, Drohung, Betrug oder Täuschung Haft nach PC 1170(h). Bei älteren oder pflegebedürftigen Opfern Strafe nach PC 368(f).
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) False imprisonment is punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. If the false imprisonment be effected by violence, menace, fraud, or deceit, it shall be punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) False imprisonment is punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. If the false imprisonment be effected by violence, menace, fraud, or deceit, it shall be punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170. (b) False imprisonment of an elder or dependent adult by use of violence, menace, fraud, or deceit shall be punishable as described in subdivision (f) of Section 368.
Straftaten gegen die Person · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $1.000
Verleiten Minderjähriger zur Prostitution
Wer eine Person unter 18 Jahren in ein Bordell, ein Absteigequartier oder anderswohin lockt oder verleitet, damit sie der Prostitution nachgeht oder mit einer anderen Person sexuellen Verkehr hat, macht sich strafbar. Ebenso, wer dabei hilft, sowie wer durch Vorspiegelung falscher Tatsachen oder andere betrügerische Mittel jemanden zum sexuellen Verkehr mit einem Dritten bringt.
Strafebis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnis· dazu bis $2.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 266 — Verleiten Minderjähriger zur ProstitutionWortlautzu
Wer eine Person unter 18 Jahren in ein Bordell, ein Absteigequartier oder anderswohin lockt oder verleitet, damit sie der Prostitution nachgeht oder mit einer anderen Person sexuellen Verkehr hat, macht sich strafbar. Ebenso, wer dabei hilft, sowie wer durch Vorspiegelung falscher Tatsachen oder andere betrügerische Mittel jemanden zum sexuellen Verkehr mit einem Dritten bringt.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis oder Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Geldstrafe bis zu 2.000 Dollar oder beides.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
A person who inveigles or entices a person under 18 years of age into a house of ill fame, or of assignation, or elsewhere, for the purpose of prostitution, or to have illicit carnal connection with another person, and a person who aids or assists in that inveiglement or enticement, and a person who, by any false pretenses, false representation, or other fraudulent means, procures a person to have illicit carnal connection with another person, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars ($2,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
A person who inveigles or entices a person under 18 years of age into a house of ill fame, or of assignation, or elsewhere, for the purpose of prostitution, or to have illicit carnal connection with another person, and a person who aids or assists in that inveiglement or enticement, and a person who, by any false pretenses, false representation, or other fraudulent means, procures a person to have illicit carnal connection with another person, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars ($2,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Straftaten gegen die Person mit sexuellem Übergriff sowie Straftaten gegen die öffentliche Sittlichkeit · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $2.000
Erschleichen sexueller Handlungen durch Furchterzeugung
Wer eine andere Person zu Geschlechtsverkehr, sexueller Penetration, Oralverkehr oder Analverkehr bringt, indem er ihre Einwilligung durch falsche oder betrügerische Vorspiegelungen erlangt, die Furcht erzeugen sollen und tatsächlich erzeugen und die eine verständige Person in gleicher Lage gegen ihren freien Willen handeln lassen würden, macht sich strafbar. Furcht meint hier die Angst vor Körperverletzung oder Tod für die Person selbst oder ihre Angehörigen.
Strafenormalerweise 3 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
2·3·4 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „2 · 3 · 4 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „two, three, or four years“
Cal. Penal Code § 266c — Erschleichen sexueller Handlungen durch FurchterzeugungWortlautzu
Wer eine andere Person zu Geschlechtsverkehr, sexueller Penetration, Oralverkehr oder Analverkehr bringt, indem er ihre Einwilligung durch falsche oder betrügerische Vorspiegelungen erlangt, die Furcht erzeugen sollen und tatsächlich erzeugen und die eine verständige Person in gleicher Lage gegen ihren freien Willen handeln lassen würden, macht sich strafbar. Furcht meint hier die Angst vor Körperverletzung oder Tod für die Person selbst oder ihre Angehörigen.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis von zwei, drei oder vier Jahren.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Every person who induces any other person to engage in sexual intercourse, sexual penetration, oral copulation, or sodomy when his or her consent is procured by false or fraudulent representation or pretense that is made with the intent to create fear, and which does induce fear, and that would cause a reasonable person in like circumstances to act contrary to the person’s free will, and does cause the victim to so act, is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year or in the state prison for two, three, or four years.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Every person who induces any other person to engage in sexual intercourse, sexual penetration, oral copulation, or sodomy when his or her consent is procured by false or fraudulent representation or pretense that is made with the intent to create fear, and which does induce fear, and that would cause a reasonable person in like circumstances to act contrary to the person’s free will, and does cause the victim to so act, is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year or in the state prison for two, three, or four years. As used in this section, “fear” means the fear of physical injury or death to the person or to any relative of the person or member of the person’s family.
Straftaten gegen die Person mit sexuellem Übergriff sowie Straftaten gegen die öffentliche Sittlichkeit · Teil 1
Schwerer Diebstahl von Vieh
Wer Pferde, Rinder, Ziegen, Maultiere, Esel, Schafe, Lämmer oder Schweine eines anderen stiehlt, wegführt oder sich anvertraute Tiere dieser Art in betrügerischer Absicht aneignet, begeht schweren Diebstahl. Dasselbe gilt für den Diebstahl von Tierkörpern dieser Arten und für das Wegschaffen von Teilen eines Tierkörpers, wenn das Tier ohne Zustimmung des Eigentümers getötet wurde.
Strafenormalerweise 2 Jahre Gefängnis· dazu bis $5.000
Cal. Penal Code §§ , Mehr dazuschliessen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
16 Monate·2 Jahre·3 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „16 Monate · 2 Jahre · 3 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „16 months, or two or three years“
Cal. Penal Code § 487a — Schwerer Diebstahl von ViehWortlautzu
Wer Pferde, Rinder, Ziegen, Maultiere, Esel, Schafe, Lämmer oder Schweine eines anderen stiehlt, wegführt oder sich anvertraute Tiere dieser Art in betrügerischer Absicht aneignet, begeht schweren Diebstahl. Dasselbe gilt für den Diebstahl von Tierkörpern dieser Arten und für das Wegschaffen von Teilen eines Tierkörpers, wenn das Tier ohne Zustimmung des Eigentümers getötet wurde.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Die Strafe steht in § .
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Every person who feloniously steals, takes, carries, leads, or drives away any horse, mare, gelding, any bovine animal, any caprine animal, mule, jack, jenny, sheep, lamb, hog, sow, boar, gilt, barrow, or pig, which is the personal property of another, or who fraudulently appropriates that same property which has been entrusted to him or her, or who knowingly and designedly, by any false or fraudulent representation or pretense, defrauds any other person of that same property, or who causes or procures others to report falsely of his or her wealth or mercantile character and by thus imposing upon any person, obtains credit and thereby fraudulently gets or obtains possession of that same property, is guilty of grand theft. (b) Every person who shall feloniously steal, take, transport or carry the carcass of any bovine, caprine, equine, ovine, or suine animal or of any mule, jack or jenny, which is the personal property of another, or who shall fraudulently appropriate such property which has been entrusted to him or her, is guilty of grand theft. (c) Every person who shall feloniously steal, take, transport, or carry any portion of the carcass of any bovine, caprine, equine, ovine, or suine animal or of any mule, jack, or jenny, which has been killed without the consent of the owner thereof, is guilty of grand theft.
- Strafe steht nicht hier, sondern in §
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1
Cal. Penal Code § 489 — Strafrahmen für schweren DiebstahlWortlautzu
Die Vorschrift legt die Strafen für schweren Diebstahl fest. Für den Diebstahl einer Schusswaffe und für den Diebstahl von Tieren nach § gelten eigene Strafrahmen; alle übrigen Fälle werden einheitlich behandelt. Geldstrafen aus Tierdiebstahlsverfahren fließen der Viehkennzeichnungsbehörde zu und dienen der Aufklärung solcher Taten.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Diebstahl einer Schusswaffe: 16 Monate, zwei oder drei Jahre im Staatsgefängnis. Diebstahl nach § (Tiere): Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder nach § 1170 Buchstabe h oder Geldstrafe bis zu 5.000 US-Dollar oder Geld- und Freiheitsstrafe zusammen. Alle übrigen Fälle: Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder nach § 1170 Buchstabe h.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) If the grand theft involves the theft of a firearm, by imprisonment in the state prison for 16 months, or two or three years.
(b) If the grand theft involves a violation of Section 487a, by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. The proceeds of this fine shall be allocated to the Bureau of Livestock Identification to be used, upon appropriation by the Legislature, for purposes relating to the investigation of cases involving grand theft of any animal or animals, or of the carcass or carcasses of, or any portion of the carcass or carcasses of, any animal specified in Section 487a.
(c) (1) In all other convictions for grand theft not described in either subdivision (a) or (b), by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Grand theft is punishable as follows: (a) If the grand theft involves the theft of a firearm, by imprisonment in the state prison for 16 months, or two or three years. (b) If the grand theft involves a violation of Section 487a, by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. The proceeds of this fine shall be allocated to the Bureau of Livestock Identification to be used, upon appropriation by the Legislature, for purposes relating to the investigation of cases involving grand theft of any animal or animals, or of the carcass or carcasses of, or any portion of the carcass or carcasses of, any animal specified in Section 487a. (c) (1) In all other convictions for grand theft not described in either subdivision (a) or (b), by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170. (2) In a county participating in a rural crime prevention program pursuant to Title 11.5 (commencing with Section 14170) or Title 11.7 (commencing with Section 14180) of Part 4, the proceeds of a fine imposed pursuant to a conviction for a violation of Section 487k shall be allocated by the Controller, upon appropriation by the Legislature, to the Central Valley Rural Crime Prevention Program and the Central Coast Rural Crime Prevention Program, in accordance with the schedule specified in paragraph (12) of subdivision (c) of Section 13821.
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $5.000
Diebstahl von Betriebsgeheimnissen
Wer ein Betriebsgeheimnis stiehlt, wegnimmt oder unbefugt nutzt, es sich betrügerisch aneignet, sich unbefugt Zugang verschafft und es kopiert oder es aus einem Vertrauensverhältnis heraus pflichtwidrig kopiert, begeht Diebstahl. Voraussetzung ist die Absicht, dem Inhaber die Verfügung zu entziehen oder das Geheimnis für sich oder andere zu verwenden. Ebenso strafbar ist, gegenwärtigen oder früheren Beschäftigten eines anderen einen Vorteil als Anreiz, Bestechung oder Belohnung für die Weitergabe zu versprechen, anzubieten oder zu geben. Dass die Unterlage zurückgegeben wurde oder werden sollte, ist keine Entschuldigung.
Strafebis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnis· dazu bis $5.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 499c — Diebstahl von BetriebsgeheimnissenWortlautzu
Wer ein Betriebsgeheimnis stiehlt, wegnimmt oder unbefugt nutzt, es sich betrügerisch aneignet, sich unbefugt Zugang verschafft und es kopiert oder es aus einem Vertrauensverhältnis heraus pflichtwidrig kopiert, begeht Diebstahl. Voraussetzung ist die Absicht, dem Inhaber die Verfügung zu entziehen oder das Geheimnis für sich oder andere zu verwenden. Ebenso strafbar ist, gegenwärtigen oder früheren Beschäftigten eines anderen einen Vorteil als Anreiz, Bestechung oder Belohnung für die Weitergabe zu versprechen, anzubieten oder zu geben. Dass die Unterlage zurückgegeben wurde oder werden sollte, ist keine Entschuldigung.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(c) Every person who promises, offers or gives, or conspires to promise or offer to give, to any present or former agent, employee or servant of another, a benefit as an inducement, bribe or reward for conveying, delivering or otherwise making available an article representing a trade secret owned by his or her present or former principal, employer or master, to any person not authorized by the owner to receive or acquire the trade secret and every present or former agent, employee, or servant, who solicits, accepts, receives or takes a benefit as an inducement, bribe or reward for conveying, delivering or otherwise making available an article representing a trade secret owned by his or her present or former principal, employer or master, to any person not authorized by the owner to receive or acquire the trade secret, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) As used in this section: (1) “Access” means to approach, a way or means of approaching, nearing, admittance to, including to instruct, communicate with, store information in, or retrieve information from a computer system or computer network. (2) “Article” means any object, material, device, or substance or copy thereof, including any writing, record, recording, drawing, sample, specimen, prototype, model, photograph, micro-organism, blueprint, map, or tangible representation of a computer program or information, including both human and computer readable information and information while in transit. (3) “Benefit” means gain or advantage, or anything regarded by the beneficiary as gain or advantage, including benefit to any other person or entity in whose welfare he or she is interested. (4) “Computer system” means a machine or collection of machines, one or more of which contain computer programs and information, that performs functions, including, but not limited to, logic, arithmetic, information storage and retrieval, communications, and control. (5) “Computer network” means an interconnection of two or more computer systems. (6) “Computer program” means an ordered set of instructions or statements, and related information that, when automatically executed in actual or modified form in a computer system, causes it to perform specified functions. (7) “Copy” means any facsimile, replica, photograph or other reproduction of an article, and any note, drawing or sketch made of or from an article. (8) “Representing” means describing, depicting, containing, constituting, reflecting or recording. (9) “Trade secret” means information, including a formula, pattern, compilation, program, device, method, technique, or process, that: (A) Derives independent economic value, actual or potential, from not being generally known to the public or to other persons who can obtain economic value from its disclosure or use; and (B) Is the subject of efforts that are reasonable under the circumstances to maintain its secrecy. (b) Every person is guilty of theft who, with intent to deprive or withhold the control of a trade secret from its owner, or with an intent to appropriate a trade secret to his or her own use or to the use of another, does any of the following: (1) Steals, takes, carries away, or uses without authorization, a trade secret. (2) Fraudulently appropriates any article representing a trade secret entrusted to him or her. (3) Having unlawfully obtained access to the article, without authority makes or causes to be made a copy of any article representing a trade secret. (4) Having obtained access to the article through a relationship of trust and confidence, without authority and in breach of the obligations created by that relationship, makes or causes to be made, directly from and in the presence of the article, a copy of any article representing a trade secret. (c) Every person who promises, offers or gives, or conspires to promise or offer to give, to any present or former agent, employee or servant of another, a benefit as an inducement, bribe or reward for conveying, delivering or otherwise making available an article representing a trade secret owned by his or her present or former principal, employer or master, to any person not authorized by the owner to receive or acquire the trade secret and every present or former agent, employee, or servant, who solicits, accepts, receives or takes a benefit as an inducement, bribe or reward for conveying, delivering or otherwise making available an article representing a trade secret owned by his or her present or former principal, employer or master, to any person not authorized by the owner to receive or acquire the trade secret, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (d) In a prosecution for a violation of this section, it shall be no defense that the person returned or intended to return the article.
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $5.000
Computerkriminalität und unbefugter Datenzugriff
Die Vorschrift stellt eine Reihe von Angriffen auf Computer, Netze und Daten unter Strafe. Dazu zählen der unbefugte Zugriff mit Betrugs- oder Erpressungsabsicht, das unbefugte Kopieren oder Nutzen von Daten, die unbefugte Nutzung von Rechenleistung, das Verändern und Löschen von Daten und Programmen, das Lahmlegen von Diensten, das Einschleusen von Schadprogrammen, der Missbrauch fremder Domains oder Profile beim Versand von Nachrichten sowie Angriffe auf Regierungs- und Sicherheitsinfrastruktur. Die Strafe hängt davon ab, welche der aufgeführten Handlungen begangen wurde, ob jemand verletzt wurde und wie hoch der Schaden ist.
Strafenormalerweise 2 Jahre Gefängnis· dazu bis $10.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschliessen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
16 Monate·2 Jahre·3 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „16 Monate · 2 Jahre · 3 Jahre“ heisst nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „16 months, or two or three years“
Cal. Penal Code § 502 — Computerkriminalität und unbefugter DatenzugriffWortlautzu
Die Vorschrift stellt eine Reihe von Angriffen auf Computer, Netze und Daten unter Strafe. Dazu zählen der unbefugte Zugriff mit Betrugs- oder Erpressungsabsicht, das unbefugte Kopieren oder Nutzen von Daten, die unbefugte Nutzung von Rechenleistung, das Verändern und Löschen von Daten und Programmen, das Lahmlegen von Diensten, das Einschleusen von Schadprogrammen, der Missbrauch fremder Domains oder Profile beim Versand von Nachrichten sowie Angriffe auf Regierungs- und Sicherheitsinfrastruktur. Die Strafe hängt davon ab, welche der aufgeführten Handlungen begangen wurde, ob jemand verletzt wurde und wie hoch der Schaden ist.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Für die schwersten Handlungen (Nummern 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11 und 12): Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h von 16 Monaten, zwei oder drei Jahren und Geldstrafe bis zu 10.000 US-Dollar oder als Vergehen Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr, Geldstrafe bis zu 5.000 US-Dollar oder beides. Für die unbefugte Nutzung von Rechendiensten: beim ersten Verstoß ohne Verletzung und bis 950 US-Dollar Geldstrafe bis zu 5.000 US-Dollar oder bis zu einem Jahr Bezirksgefängnis oder beides; bei Schaden über 5.000 US-Dollar, bei Verletzung oder im Wiederholungsfall Geldstrafe bis zu 10.000 US-Dollar oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h von 16 Monaten, zwei oder drei Jahren. Für den bloßen unbefugten Zugriff: beim ersten Mal ohne Verletzung Ordnungswidrigkeit mit Geldstrafe bis zu 1.000 US-Dollar, sonst gestaffelt bis zu 10.000 US-Dollar Geldstrafe oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h. Für das Einschleusen von Schadprogrammen: beim ersten Mal ohne Verletzung Vergehen mit Geldstrafe bis zu 5.000 US-Dollar oder bis zu einem Jahr Bezirksgefängnis oder beidem, sonst höher.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(d) (1) Any person who violates any of the provisions of paragraph (1), (2), (4), (5), (10), (11), or (12) of subdivision (c) is guilty of a felony, punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years and a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(A) For the first violation that does not result in injury, and where the value of the computer services used does not exceed nine hundred fifty dollars ($950), by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
($950), or for any second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years, or by both that fine and imprisonment, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(B) For any violation that results in a victim expenditure in an amount not greater than five thousand dollars ($5,000), or for a second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(C) For any violation that results in a victim expenditure in an amount greater than five thousand dollars ($5,000), by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years, or by both that fine and imprisonment, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(A) For a first violation that does not result in injury, a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(B) For any violation that results in injury, or for a second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(B) For any violation that results in injury, or for a second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(A) For a first violation that does not result in injury, an infraction punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000).
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this section to expand the degree of protection afforded to individuals, businesses, and governmental agencies from tampering, interference, damage, and unauthorized access to lawfully created computer data and computer systems. The Legislature finds and declares that the proliferation of computer technology has resulted in a concomitant proliferation of computer crime and other forms of unauthorized access to computers, computer systems, and computer data. The Legislature further finds and declares that protection of the integrity of all types and forms of lawfully created computers, computer systems, and computer data is vital to the protection of the privacy of individuals as well as to the well-being of financial institutions, business concerns, governmental agencies, and others within this state that lawfully utilize those computers, computer systems, and data. (b) For the purposes of this section, the following terms have the following meanings: (1) “Access” means to gain entry to, instruct, cause input to, cause output from, cause data processing with, or communicate with, the logical, arithmetical, or memory function resources of a computer, computer system, or computer network. (2) “Computer network” means any system that provides communications between one or more computer systems and input/output devices, including, but not limited to, display terminals, remote systems, mobile devices, and printers connected by telecommunication facilities. (3) “Computer program or software” means a set of instructions or statements, and related data, that when executed in actual or modified form, cause a computer, computer system, or computer network to perform specified functions. (4) “Computer services” includes, but is not limited to, computer time, data processing, or storage functions, internet services, electronic mail services, electronic message services, or other uses of a computer, computer system, or computer network. (5) “Computer system” means a device or collection of devices, including support devices and excluding calculators that are not programmable and capable of being used in conjunction with external files, one or more of which contain computer programs, electronic instructions, input data, and output data, that performs functions, including, but not limited to, logic, arithmetic, data storage and retrieval, communication, and control. A “computer system” includes, without limitation, any such device or system that is located within, connected to, or otherwise integrated with, any motor vehicle as defined in Section 415 of the Vehicle Code. (6) “Government computer system” means any computer system, or part thereof, that is owned, operated, or used by any federal, state, or local governmental entity. (7) “Public safety infrastructure computer system” means any computer system, or part thereof, that is necessary for the health and safety of the public including computer systems owned, operated, or used by drinking water and wastewater treatment facilities, hospitals, emergency service providers, telecommunication companies, and gas and electric utility companies. (8) “Data” means a representation of information, knowledge, facts, concepts, computer software, or computer programs or instructions. Data may be in any form, in storage media, or as stored in the memory of the computer or in transit or presented on a display device. (9) “Supporting documentation” includes, but is not limited to, all information, in any form, pertaining to the design, construction, classification, implementation, use, or modification of a computer, computer system, computer network, computer program, or computer software, which information is not generally available to the public and is necessary for the operation of a computer, computer system, computer network, computer program, or computer software. (10) “Injury” means any alteration, deletion, damage, or destruction of a computer system, computer network, computer program, or data caused by the access, or the denial of access to legitimate users of a computer system, network, or program. (11) “Victim expenditure” means any expenditure reasonably and necessarily incurred by the owner or lessee to verify that a computer system, computer network, computer program, or data was or was not altered, deleted, damaged, or destroyed by the access. (12) “Computer contaminant” means any set of computer instructions that are designed to modify, damage, destroy, record, or transmit information within a computer, computer system, or computer network without the intent or permission of the owner of the information. They include, but are not limited to, a group of computer instructions commonly called viruses or worms, that are self-replicating or self-propagating and are designed to contaminate other computer programs or computer data, consume computer resources, modify, destroy, record, or transmit data, or in some other fashion usurp the normal operation of the computer, computer system, or computer network. (13) “Internet domain name” means a globally unique, hierarchical reference to an internet host or service, assigned through centralized internet naming authorities, comprising a series of character strings separated by periods, with the rightmost character string specifying the top of the hierarchy. (14) “Electronic mail” means an electronic message or computer file that is transmitted between two or more telecommunications devices; computers; computer networks, regardless of whether the network is a local, regional, or global network; or electronic devices capable of receiving electronic messages, regardless of whether the message is converted to hard copy format after receipt, viewed upon transmission, or stored for later retrieval. (15) “Profile” means either of the following: (A) A configuration of user data required by a computer so that the user may access programs or services and have the desired functionality on that computer. (B) An Internet website user’s personal page or section of a page that is made up of data, in text or graphical form, that displays significant, unique, or identifying information, including, but not limited to, listing acquaintances, interests, associations, activities, or personal statements. (c) Except as provided in subdivision (h), any person who commits any of the following acts is guilty of a public offense: (1) Knowingly accesses and without permission alters, damages, deletes, destroys, or otherwise uses any data, computer, computer system, or computer network in order to either (A) devise or execute any scheme or artifice to defraud, deceive, or extort, or (B) wrongfully control or obtain money, property, or data. (2) Knowingly accesses and without permission takes, copies, or makes use of any data from a computer, computer system, or computer network, or takes or copies any supporting documentation, whether existing or residing internal or external to a computer, computer system, or computer network. (3) Knowingly and without permission uses or causes to be used computer services. (4) Knowingly accesses and without permission adds, alters, damages, deletes, or destroys any data, computer software, or computer programs which reside or exist internal or external to a computer, computer system, or computer network. (5) Knowingly and without permission disrupts or causes the disruption of computer services or denies or causes the denial of computer services to an authorized user of a computer, computer system, or computer network. (6) Knowingly and without permission provides or assists in providing a means of accessing a computer, computer system, or computer network in violation of this section. (7) Knowingly and without permission accesses or causes to be accessed any computer, computer system, or computer network. (8) Knowingly introduces any computer contaminant into any computer, computer system, or computer network. (9) Knowingly and without permission uses the internet domain name or profile of another individual, corporation, or entity in connection with the sending of one or more electronic mail messages or posts and thereby damages or causes damage to a computer, computer data, computer system, or computer network. (10) Knowingly and without permission disrupts or causes the disruption of government computer services or denies or causes the denial of government computer services to an authorized user of a government computer, computer system, or computer network. (11) Knowingly accesses and without permission adds, alters, damages, deletes, or destroys any data, computer software, or computer programs which reside or exist internal or external to a public safety infrastructure computer system computer, computer system, or computer network. (12) Knowingly and without permission disrupts or causes the disruption of public safety infrastructure computer system computer services or denies or causes the denial of computer services to an authorized user of a public safety infrastructure computer system computer, computer system, or computer network. (13) Knowingly and without permission provides or assists in providing a means of accessing a computer, computer system, or public safety infrastructure computer system computer, computer system, or computer network in violation of this section. (14) Knowingly introduces any computer contaminant into any public safety infrastructure computer system computer, computer system, or computer network. (d) (1) Any person who violates any of the provisions of paragraph (1), (2), (4), (5), (10), (11), or (12) of subdivision (c) is guilty of a felony, punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years and a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (2) Any person who violates paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) is punishable as follows: (A) For the first violation that does not result in injury, and where the value of the computer services used does not exceed nine hundred fifty dollars ($950), by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (B) For any violation that results in a victim expenditure in an amount greater than five thousand dollars ($5,000) or in an injury, or if the value of the computer services used exceeds nine hundred fifty dollars ($950), or for any second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years, or by both that fine and imprisonment, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (3) Any person who violates paragraph (6), (7), or (13) of subdivision (c) is punishable as follows: (A) For a first violation that does not result in injury, an infraction punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000). (B) For any violation that results in a victim expenditure in an amount not greater than five thousand dollars ($5,000), or for a second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (C) For any violation that results in a victim expenditure in an amount greater than five thousand dollars ($5,000), by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years, or by both that fine and imprisonment, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (4) Any person who violates paragraph (8) or (14) of subdivision (c) is punishable as follows: (A) For a first violation that does not result in injury, a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (B) For any violation that results in injury, or for a second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (5) Any person who violates paragraph (9) of subdivision (c) is punishable as follows: (A) For a first violation that does not result in injury, an infraction punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000). (B) For any violation that results in injury, or for a second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (e) (1) In addition to any other civil remedy available, the owner or lessee of the computer, computer system, computer network, computer program, or data who suffers damage or loss by reason of a violation of any of the provisions of subdivision (c) may bring a civil action against the violator for compensatory damages and injunctive relief or other equitable relief. Compensatory damages shall include any expenditure reasonably and necessarily incurred by the owner or lessee to verify that a computer system, computer network, computer program, or data was or was not altered, damaged, or deleted by the access. For the purposes of actions authorized by this subdivision, the conduct of an unemancipated minor shall be imputed to the parent or legal guardian having control or custody of the minor, pursuant to the provisions of Section 1714.1 of the Civil Code. (2) In any action brought pursuant to this subdivision the court may award reasonable attorney’s fees. (3) A community college, state university, or academic institution accredited in this state is required to include computer-related crimes as a specific violation of college or university student conduct policies and regulations that may subject a student to disciplinary sanctions up to and including dismissal from the academic institution. This paragraph shall not apply to the University of California unless the Board of Regents adopts a resolution to that effect. (4) In any action brought pursuant to this subdivision for a willful violation of the provisions of subdivision (c), where it is proved by clear and convincing evidence that a defendant has been guilty of oppression, fraud, or malice as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 3294 of the Civil Code, the court may additionally award punitive or exemplary damages. (5) No action may be brought pursuant to this subdivision unless it is initiated within three years of the date of the act complained of, or the date of the discovery of the damage, whichever is later. (f) This section shall not be construed to preclude the applicability of any other provision of the criminal law of this state which applies or may apply to any transaction, nor shall it make illegal any employee labor relations activities that are within the scope and protection of state or federal labor laws. (g) Any computer, computer system, computer network, or any software or data, owned by the defendant, that is used during the commission of any public offense described in subdivision (c) or any computer, owned by the defendant, which is used as a repository for the storage of software or data illegally obtained in violation of subdivision (c) shall be subject to forfeiture, as specified in Section 502.01. (h) (1) Subdivision (c) does not apply to punish any acts which are committed by a person within the scope of lawful employment. For purposes of this section, a person acts within the scope of employment when the person performs acts which are reasonably necessary to the performance of their work assignment. (2) Paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) does not apply to penalize any acts committed by a person acting outside of their lawful employment, provided that the employee’s activities do not cause an injury, to the employer or another, or provided that the value of supplies or computer services which are used does not exceed an accumulated total of two hundred fifty dollars ($250). (i) No activity exempted from prosecution under paragraph (2) of subdivision (h) which incidentally violates paragraph (2), (4), or (7) of subdivision (c) shall be prosecuted under those paragraphs. (j) For purposes of bringing a civil or a criminal action under this section, a person who causes, by any means, the access of a computer, computer system, or computer network in one jurisdiction from another jurisdiction is deemed to have personally accessed the computer, computer system, or computer network in each jurisdiction. (k) In determining the terms and conditions applicable to a person convicted of a violation of this section the court shall consider the following: (1) The court shall consider prohibitions on access to and use of computers. (2) Except as otherwise required by law, the court shall consider alternate sentencing, including community service, if the defendant shows remorse and recognition of the wrongdoing, and an inclination not to repeat the offense.
: Gemeinnützige Arbeit · Einziehung
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $10.000
Veruntreuung
Veruntreuung ist die betrügerische Aneignung von Eigentum durch eine Person, der dieses Eigentum anvertraut war.
Strafekeine Zahl im Gesetz — nur der Wortlaut, unter „Mehr dazu“
Cal. Penal Code §§ , Mehr dazuschliessen
Cal. Penal Code § 503 — VeruntreuungWortlautzu
Veruntreuung ist die betrügerische Aneignung von Eigentum durch eine Person, der dieses Eigentum anvertraut war.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Die Strafe steht in § .
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Embezzlement is the fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom it has been intrusted.
- Strafe steht nicht hier, sondern in §
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1
Cal. Penal Code § 514 — Strafrahmen für VeruntreuungWortlautzu
Veruntreuung wird so bestraft wie der Diebstahl einer Sache dieses Wertes und dieser Art. Bei Schuldscheinen und Forderungen gilt der geschuldete oder gesicherte Betrag als Wert. Betrifft die Veruntreuung öffentliche Gelder des Bundes, des Staates Kalifornien, eines Bezirks oder einer Gemeinde, ist die Tat ein Verbrechen; der Verurteilte darf danach kein öffentliches Amt und keine Vertrauensstellung mehr bekleiden.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Wie beim Diebstahl einer Sache dieses Wertes und dieser Art. Bei öffentlichen Geldern: Verbrechen mit Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis sowie dauerhafter Verlust der Ämterfähigkeit.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
is a felony
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Every person guilty of embezzlement is punishable in the manner prescribed for theft of property of the value or kind embezzled; and where the property embezzled is an evidence of debt or right of action, the sum due upon it or secured to be paid by it must be taken as its value; if the embezzlement or defalcation is of the public funds of the United States, or of this state, or of any county or municipality within this state, the offense is a felony, and is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison; and the person so convicted is ineligible thereafter to any office of honor, trust, or profit in this state.
Straftaten gegen das Vermögen · Teil 1
2Dein Fall
noch leer
Noch nichts ausgewählt. Suchen Sie oben nach der Tat und tippen Sie „Hinzufügen“ — jede Tat einzeln, so oft, wie sie vorkam.
3Diese Paragraphen gelten
Sobald die erste Tat oben im Fall liegt, stehen hier die Paragraphen, die dafür gelten — jeder mit Fundstelle zum Kopieren.
Orientierung, keine verbindliche Auskunft — das letzte Wort hat das Gericht. Katalog: leginfo.legislature.ca.gov — California Penal Code, Stand 2026-08-30, 1419 Paragraphen. Verbindlich ist der englische Wortlaut; die deutsche Fassung ist eine Arbeitsübersetzung und steht an jedem Paragraphen zum Aufklappen daneben — für 5 Paragraphen liegt sie noch nicht vor.