Department of Justice
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Das Wichtigste in Kürze
Geben Sie eine Tat als Stichwort ein oder beschreiben Sie in ganzen Sätzen, was passiert ist. Zu jeder Tat erhalten Sie die Paragraphen des kalifornischen Gesetzes mit Fundstelle zum Kopieren und den Strafrahmen.
Hinzugefügte Taten bilden den Fall; daraus entsteht die Liste der geltenden Paragraphen.
1Tat suchen
Schreiben Sie in eigenen Worten, was passiert ist. Ganze Sätze sind richtig; steckt mehr als eine Tat darin, werden sie getrennt. Ein Stichwort geht genauso — „Raub“, „Einbruch“, „211“.
313 Taten (aus 332 Paragraphen) · Seite 17 von 27
Tonträgerpiraterie
Wer Tonaufnahmen von Schallplatten, CDs, Bändern, Filmen oder anderen Trägern ohne Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers wissentlich überspielt, um sie zu verkaufen oder gewerblich zu nutzen, macht sich strafbar. Ebenso strafbar ist, solche Kopien gegen Entgelt innerhalb Kaliforniens zu transportieren oder transportieren zu lassen, wenn man von der unerlaubten Überspielung weiß. Auch der Verkauf, der Weiterverkauf, die Vermietung und der Besitz zu diesen Zwecken sind erfasst.
Strafe
normalerweise 3 Jahre Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe bis $500.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
2·3·5 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „2 · 3 · 5 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „two, three, or five years“
Cal. Penal Code § 653h — TonträgerpiraterieWortlautzu
Wer Tonaufnahmen von Schallplatten, CDs, Bändern, Filmen oder anderen Trägern ohne Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers wissentlich überspielt, um sie zu verkaufen oder gewerblich zu nutzen, macht sich strafbar. Ebenso strafbar ist, solche Kopien gegen Entgelt innerhalb Kaliforniens zu transportieren oder transportieren zu lassen, wenn man von der unerlaubten Überspielung weiß. Auch der Verkauf, der Weiterverkauf, die Vermietung und der Besitz zu diesen Zwecken sind erfasst.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Bei mindestens 1.000 betroffenen Stücken: Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h von zwei, drei oder fünf Jahren oder Geldstrafe bis zu 500.000 US-Dollar oder Geld- und Freiheitsstrafe zusammen. In allen übrigen Fällen: Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Geldstrafe bis zu 50.000 US-Dollar oder beides; im Wiederholungsfall Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h oder Geldstrafe bis zu 200.000 US-Dollar oder beides.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(b) Any person who has been convicted of a violation of subdivision (a), shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or five years, or by a fine not to exceed five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment, if the offense involves the transfer or transportation, or conduct causing that transfer or transportation, of not less than 1,000 of the articles described in subdivision (a).
(c) Any person who has been convicted of any other violation of subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (b), shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second or subsequent conviction under subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (b) shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 or by a fine not to exceed two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(1) A violation of subdivision (d) involving not less than 100 of those articles shall be punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year or by a fine not to exceed twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second or subsequent conviction for the conduct described in this paragraph shall be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(2) A person who has been convicted of any violation of this subdivision not described in paragraph (1) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed six months or by a fine not to exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second conviction for the conduct described in this paragraph shall be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or by a fine not to exceed twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A third or subsequent conviction for the conduct described in this paragraph shall be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Every person is guilty of a public offense punishable as provided in subdivisions (b) and (c), who: (1) Knowingly and willfully transfers or causes to be transferred any sounds that have been recorded on a phonograph record, disc, wire, tape, film or other article on which sounds are recorded, with intent to sell or cause to be sold, or to use or cause to be used for commercial advantage or private financial gain through public performance, the article on which the sounds are so transferred, without the consent of the owner. (2) Transports for monetary or like consideration within this state or causes to be transported within this state any such article with the knowledge that the sounds thereon have been so transferred without the consent of the owner. (b) Any person who has been convicted of a violation of subdivision (a), shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or five years, or by a fine not to exceed five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment, if the offense involves the transfer or transportation, or conduct causing that transfer or transportation, of not less than 1,000 of the articles described in subdivision (a). (c) Any person who has been convicted of any other violation of subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (b), shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second or subsequent conviction under subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (b) shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 or by a fine not to exceed two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (d) Every person who offers for sale or resale, or sells or resells, or causes the sale or resale, or rents, or possesses for these purposes, any article described in subdivision (a) with knowledge that the sounds thereon have been so transferred without the consent of the owner is guilty of a public offense. (1) A violation of subdivision (d) involving not less than 100 of those articles shall be punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year or by a fine not to exceed twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second or subsequent conviction for the conduct described in this paragraph shall be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (2) A person who has been convicted of any violation of this subdivision not described in paragraph (1) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed six months or by a fine not to exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second conviction for the conduct described in this paragraph shall be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or by a fine not to exceed twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A third or subsequent conviction for the conduct described in this paragraph shall be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (e) As used in this section, “person” means any individual, partnership, partnership’s member or employee, corporation, limited liability company, association or corporation or association employee, officer or director; “owner” means the person who owns the original master recording embodied in the master phonograph record, master disc, master tape, master film or other article used for reproducing recorded sounds on phonograph records, discs, tapes, films or other articles on which sound is or can be recorded, and from which the transferred recorded sounds are directly or indirectly derived; and “master recording” means the original fixation of sounds upon a recording from which copies can be made. (f) This section shall neither enlarge nor diminish the right of parties in private litigation. (g) This section does not apply to any person engaged in radio or television broadcasting who transfers, or causes to be transferred, any such sounds (other than from the sound track of a motion picture) intended for, or in connection with, broadcast transmission or related uses, or for archival purposes. (h) This section does not apply to any not-for-profit educational institution or any federal or state governmental entity, if the institution or entity has as a primary purpose the advancement of the public’s knowledge and the dissemination of information regarding America’s musical cultural heritage, provided that this purpose is clearly set forth in the institution’s or entity’s charter, bylaws, certificate of incorporation, or similar document, and the institution or entity has, prior to the transfer, made a good faith effort to identify and locate the owner or owners of the sound recordings to be transferred and, provided that the owner or owners could not be and have not been located. Nothing in this section shall be construed to relieve an institution or entity of its contractual or other obligation to compensate the owners of sound recordings to be transferred. In order to continue the exemption permitted by this subdivision, the institution or entity shall make continuing efforts to locate such owners and shall make an annual public notice of the fact of the transfers in newspapers of general circulation serving the jurisdictions where the owners were incorporated or doing business at the time of initial affixations. The institution or entity shall keep on file a record of the efforts made to locate such owners for inspection by appropriate governmental agencies. (i) This section applies only to those articles that were initially mastered prior to February 15, 1972.
- Strafe steht nicht hier, sondern in einem anderen Paragraphen
Sonstige Straftaten · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $500.000
Anstiftung Minderjähriger zu schweren Straftaten
Wer 18 Jahre oder älter ist und einen Minderjährigen dazu auffordert, verleitet, ermutigt oder einschüchtert, damit dieser eine schwere Straftat begeht, macht sich strafbar. Erfasst sind unter anderem Zeugenbeeinflussung, Mord, Raub, Autoraub, Körperverletzung mit gefährlicher Waffe, Schüsse auf bewohnte Gebäude, Brandstiftung, Einbruch, Erpressung und Kraftfahrzeugdiebstahl. Ist der Minderjährige 16 Jahre oder älter, greift die Vorschrift nur, wenn der Erwachsene mindestens fünf Jahre älter ist. Die Strafe darf die Höchststrafe für die Anlasstat nicht übersteigen.
Strafe
normalerweise 5 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
3·5·7 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „3 · 5 · 7 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „three, five, or seven years“
Cal. Penal Code § 653j — Anstiftung Minderjähriger zu schweren StraftatenWortlautzu
Wer 18 Jahre oder älter ist und einen Minderjährigen dazu auffordert, verleitet, ermutigt oder einschüchtert, damit dieser eine schwere Straftat begeht, macht sich strafbar. Erfasst sind unter anderem Zeugenbeeinflussung, Mord, Raub, Autoraub, Körperverletzung mit gefährlicher Waffe, Schüsse auf bewohnte Gebäude, Brandstiftung, Einbruch, Erpressung und Kraftfahrzeugdiebstahl. Ist der Minderjährige 16 Jahre oder älter, greift die Vorschrift nur, wenn der Erwachsene mindestens fünf Jahre älter ist. Die Strafe darf die Höchststrafe für die Anlasstat nicht übersteigen.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h von drei, fünf oder sieben Jahren; sie darf jedoch die Höchststrafe der Tat nicht übersteigen, zu der der Minderjährige verleitet wurde.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) Every person 18 years of age or older who, in any voluntary manner, solicits, induces, encourages, or intimidates any minor with the intent that the minor shall commit a felony in violation of paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of Section 136.1 or Section 187, 211, 215, 245, 246, 451, 459, or 520 of the Penal Code, or Section 10851 of the Vehicle Code, shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for a period of three, five, or seven years. If the minor is 16 years of age or older at the time of the offense, this section shall only apply when the adult is at least five years older than the minor at the time the offense is committed.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Every person 18 years of age or older who, in any voluntary manner, solicits, induces, encourages, or intimidates any minor with the intent that the minor shall commit a felony in violation of paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of Section 136.1 or Section 187, 211, 215, 245, 246, 451, 459, or 520 of the Penal Code, or Section 10851 of the Vehicle Code, shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for a period of three, five, or seven years. If the minor is 16 years of age or older at the time of the offense, this section shall only apply when the adult is at least five years older than the minor at the time the offense is committed. (b) In no case shall the court impose a sentence pursuant to subdivision (a) which exceeds the maximum penalty prescribed for the felony offense for which the minor was solicited, induced, encouraged, or intimidated to commit. (c) Whenever a sentence is imposed under subdivision (a), the court shall consider the severity of the underlying crime as one of the circumstances in aggravation.
Sonstige Straftaten · Teil 1
Transport unerlaubter Konzertmitschnitte
Wer gegen Entgelt Träger mit Aufnahmen einer Live-Darbietung innerhalb Kaliforniens befördert oder befördern lässt und dabei weiß, dass die Aufnahme ohne Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers entstanden ist, macht sich strafbar. Ebenso strafbar ist, solche Aufnahmen anzubieten, zu verkaufen, weiterzuverkaufen, zu vermieten oder zu diesen Zwecken zu besitzen.
Strafe
normalerweise 3 Jahre Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe bis $500.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
2·3·5 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „2 · 3 · 5 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „two, three, or five years“
Cal. Penal Code § 653s — Transport unerlaubter KonzertmitschnitteWortlautzu
Wer gegen Entgelt Träger mit Aufnahmen einer Live-Darbietung innerhalb Kaliforniens befördert oder befördern lässt und dabei weiß, dass die Aufnahme ohne Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers entstanden ist, macht sich strafbar. Ebenso strafbar ist, solche Aufnahmen anzubieten, zu verkaufen, weiterzuverkaufen, zu vermieten oder zu diesen Zwecken zu besitzen.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Transport von mindestens 1.000 Stück: Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h von zwei, drei oder fünf Jahren oder Geldstrafe bis zu 500.000 US-Dollar oder beides. Sonstiger Transport: bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Geldstrafe bis zu 50.000 US-Dollar oder beides; im Wiederholungsfall bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h oder Geldstrafe bis zu 200.000 US-Dollar oder beides. Verkauf oder Vermietung von mindestens 100 Stück: bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Geldstrafe bis zu 20.000 US-Dollar oder beides; im Wiederholungsfall bis zu 50.000 US-Dollar Geldstrafe oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h oder beides.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(g) Any person who has been convicted of a violation of subdivision (a), shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or five years, or by a fine not to exceed five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), or by both, if the offense involves the transportation or causing to be transported of not less than 1,000 articles described in subdivision (a).
(h) Any person who has been convicted of any other violation of subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (g) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second or subsequent conviction under subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (g) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not to exceed two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(1) A violation of subdivision (i) involving not less than 100 of those articles shall be punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year or by a fine not to exceed twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second or subsequent conviction for the conduct described in this paragraph shall be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both.
(2) A person who has been convicted of any violation of this subdivision not described in paragraph (1) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed six months or by a fine not to exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second conviction for the conduct described in this paragraph shall be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or by a fine not to exceed twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A third or subsequent conviction for the conduct described in this paragraph shall be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Any person who transports or causes to be transported for monetary or other consideration within this state, any article containing sounds of a live performance with the knowledge that the sounds thereon have been recorded or mastered without the consent of the owner of the sounds of the live performance is guilty of a public offense punishable as provided in subdivision (g) or (h). (b) As used in this section and Section 653u: (1) “Live performance” means the recitation, rendering, or playing of a series of musical, spoken, or other sounds in any audible sequence thereof. (2) “Article” means the original disc, wire, tape, film, phonograph record, or other recording device used to record or master the sounds of the live performance and any copy or reproduction thereof which duplicates, in whole or in part, the original. (3) “Person” means any individual, partnership, partnership member or employee, corporation, association, or corporation or association employee, officer, or director, limited liability company, or limited liability company manager or officer. (c) In the absence of a written agreement or operation of law to the contrary, the performer or performers of the sounds of a live performance shall be presumed to own the right to record or master those sounds. (d) For purposes of this section, a person who is authorized to maintain custody and control over business records reflecting the consent of the owner to the recordation or master recording of a live performance shall be a proper witness in any proceeding regarding the issue of consent. Any witness called pursuant to this section shall be subject to all rules of evidence relating to the competency of a witness to testify and the relevance and admissibility of the testimony offered. (e) This section shall neither enlarge nor diminish the rights and remedies of parties to a recording or master recording which they might otherwise possess by law. (f) This section shall not apply to persons engaged in radio or television broadcasting or cablecasting who record or fix the sounds of a live performance for, or in connection with, broadcast or cable transmission and related uses in educational television or radio programs, for archival purposes, or for news programs or purposes if the recordation or master recording is not commercially distributed independent of the broadcast or cablecast by or through the broadcasting or cablecasting entity to subscribers or the general public. (g) Any person who has been convicted of a violation of subdivision (a), shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or five years, or by a fine not to exceed five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), or by both, if the offense involves the transportation or causing to be transported of not less than 1,000 articles described in subdivision (a). (h) Any person who has been convicted of any other violation of subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (g) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second or subsequent conviction under subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (g) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not to exceed two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (i) Every person who offers for sale or resale, or sells or resells, or causes the sale or resale, or rents, or possesses for these purposes, any article described in subdivision (a) with knowledge that the sounds thereon have been so recorded or mastered without the consent of the owner of the sounds of a live performance is guilty of a public offense. (1) A violation of subdivision (i) involving not less than 100 of those articles shall be punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year or by a fine not to exceed twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second or subsequent conviction for the conduct described in this paragraph shall be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both. (2) A person who has been convicted of any violation of this subdivision not described in paragraph (1) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed six months or by a fine not to exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second conviction for the conduct described in this paragraph shall be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or by a fine not to exceed twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A third or subsequent conviction for the conduct described in this paragraph shall be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
- Strafe steht nicht hier, sondern in einem anderen Paragraphen
Sonstige Straftaten · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $500.000
Störung von Notrufen im Funkverkehr
Wer wissentlich und böswillig eine Funkverbindung im Amateur- oder CB-Funk stört oder unterbricht, mit der über einen Notfall informiert oder nachgefragt wird, macht sich strafbar. Als Notfall gilt eine Lage, in der jemandem unmittelbar eine schwere Verletzung droht oder Sachwerte in erheblichem Umfang bedroht oder bereits beschädigt sind und Hilfe gerufen wird. Wer eine Notfallmeldung im Behördenfunk stört, wird ebenfalls bestraft.
Strafe
bis zu 6 Monate Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe bis $1.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 653t — Störung von Notrufen im FunkverkehrWortlautzu
Wer wissentlich und böswillig eine Funkverbindung im Amateur- oder CB-Funk stört oder unterbricht, mit der über einen Notfall informiert oder nachgefragt wird, macht sich strafbar. Als Notfall gilt eine Lage, in der jemandem unmittelbar eine schwere Verletzung droht oder Sachwerte in erheblichem Umfang bedroht oder bereits beschädigt sind und Hilfe gerufen wird. Wer eine Notfallmeldung im Behördenfunk stört, wird ebenfalls bestraft.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Grundfall: Vergehen mit Geldstrafe bis zu 1.000 US-Dollar oder Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu sechs Monaten oder beidem. Kommt es dadurch zu einer schweren Körperverletzung oder zu einem Sachschaden über 10.000 US-Dollar: Verbrechen mit Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h. Ebenso bei Störung einer Notfallmeldung im Behördenfunk mit solchen Folgen.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
guilty of a felony
(c) A violation of subdivision (a) is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000), by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed six months, or by both, unless, as a result of the commission of the offense, serious bodily injury or property loss in excess of ten thousand dollars ($10,000) occurs, in which event the offense is a felony punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) A person commits a public offense if the person knowingly and maliciously interrupts, disrupts, impedes, or otherwise interferes with the transmission of a communication over an amateur or a citizen’s band radio frequency, the purpose of which communication is to inform or inquire about an emergency. (b) For purposes of this section, “emergency” means a condition or circumstance in which an individual is or is reasonably believed by the person transmitting the communication to be in imminent danger of serious bodily injury, in which property is or is reasonably believed by the person transmitting the communication to be in imminent danger of extensive damage or destruction, or in which that injury or destruction has occurred and the person transmitting is attempting to summon assistance. (c) A violation of subdivision (a) is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000), by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed six months, or by both, unless, as a result of the commission of the offense, serious bodily injury or property loss in excess of ten thousand dollars ($10,000) occurs, in which event the offense is a felony punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170. (d) Any person who knowingly and maliciously interrupts, disrupts, impedes, or otherwise interferes with the transmission of an emergency communication over a public safety radio frequency, when the offense results in serious bodily injury or property loss in excess of ten thousand dollars ($10,000), is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.
Sonstige Straftaten · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $1.000
Unerlaubtes Mitschneiden von Live-Darbietungen
Wer eine Live-Darbietung ohne Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufnimmt oder aufnehmen lässt, um sie gewerblich zu verwerten oder daraus einen Vermögensvorteil zu ziehen, macht sich strafbar. Ohne abweichende schriftliche Vereinbarung gilt der Auftretende selbst als Inhaber des Aufnahmerechts.
Strafe
normalerweise 3 Jahre Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe bis $500.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
2·3·5 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „2 · 3 · 5 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „two, three, or five years“
Cal. Penal Code § 653u — Unerlaubtes Mitschneiden von Live-DarbietungenWortlautzu
Wer eine Live-Darbietung ohne Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufnimmt oder aufnehmen lässt, um sie gewerblich zu verwerten oder daraus einen Vermögensvorteil zu ziehen, macht sich strafbar. Ohne abweichende schriftliche Vereinbarung gilt der Auftretende selbst als Inhaber des Aufnahmerechts.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Bei mindestens 1.000 betroffenen Stücken: Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h von zwei, drei oder fünf Jahren oder Geldstrafe bis zu 500.000 US-Dollar oder beides. In allen übrigen Fällen: bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Geldstrafe bis zu 50.000 US-Dollar oder beides; im Wiederholungsfall bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h oder Geldstrafe bis zu 200.000 US-Dollar oder beides.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(d) Any person who has been convicted of a violation of subdivision (a) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or five years, or by a fine not to exceed five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment, if the offense involves the recording, mastering, or causing to be recorded or mastered at least 1,000 articles described in subdivision (a).
(e) Any person who has been convicted of any other violation of subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (d), shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second or subsequent conviction under subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (d) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 or by a fine not to exceed two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Any person who records or masters or causes to be recorded or mastered on any article with the intent to sell for commercial advantage or private financial gain, the sounds of a live performance with the knowledge that the sounds thereon have been recorded or mastered without the consent of the owner of the sounds of the live performance is guilty of a public offense punishable as provided in subdivisions (d) and (e). (b) In the absence of a written agreement or operation of law to the contrary, the performer or performers of the sounds of a live performance shall be presumed to own the right to record or master those sounds. (c) (1) For purposes of this section, a person who is authorized to maintain custody and control over business records reflecting the consent of the owner to the recordation or master recording of a live performance shall be a proper witness in any proceeding regarding the issue of consent. (2) Any witness called pursuant to this section shall be subject to all rules of evidence relating to the competency of a witness to testify and the relevance and admissibility of the testimony offered. (d) Any person who has been convicted of a violation of subdivision (a) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or five years, or by a fine not to exceed five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment, if the offense involves the recording, mastering, or causing to be recorded or mastered at least 1,000 articles described in subdivision (a). (e) Any person who has been convicted of any other violation of subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (d), shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. A second or subsequent conviction under subdivision (a) not described in subdivision (d) shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 or by a fine not to exceed two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
- Strafe steht nicht hier, sondern in einem anderen Paragraphen
Sonstige Straftaten · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe bis $500.000
Fehlende Herstellerangabe auf Ton- und Bildträgern
Wer aus Gewinnstreben Ton- oder Bildträger bewirbt, anbietet, verkauft, weiterverkauft, vermietet, herstellt oder zu diesen Zwecken besitzt, deren Hülle, Verpackung oder Etikett nicht deutlich den wirklichen Namen und die Anschrift des Herstellers sowie den Namen des Urhebers, Künstlers oder Interpreten nennt, macht sich strafbar. Softwarehersteller und ihre Lizenznehmer müssen die einzelnen mitwirkenden Programmierer nicht angeben.
Strafe
normalerweise 3 Jahre Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe $1.000 – $500.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Der Strafrahmen im Gesetz
2·3·5 JahreWarum drei Zahlen??weniger
Das Gericht nimmt eine dieser drei Zahlen. Dazwischen gibt es nichts — „2 · 3 · 5 Jahre“ heißt nicht „von … bis“.
- Die mittlere ist der Normalfall. Sie gilt, solange nichts dagegenspricht.
- Die obere nur, wenn es besonders schlimm war — und das muss bewiesen sein. „Wahrscheinlich“ reicht nicht.
- Die untere, wenn etwas dafür spricht: erlittenes Trauma, Jugend zur Tatzeit, Gewalt in der Partnerschaft.
Im Gesetz: „two, three, or five years“
Cal. Penal Code § 653w — Fehlende Herstellerangabe auf Ton- und BildträgernWortlautzu
Wer aus Gewinnstreben Ton- oder Bildträger bewirbt, anbietet, verkauft, weiterverkauft, vermietet, herstellt oder zu diesen Zwecken besitzt, deren Hülle, Verpackung oder Etikett nicht deutlich den wirklichen Namen und die Anschrift des Herstellers sowie den Namen des Urhebers, Künstlers oder Interpreten nennt, macht sich strafbar. Softwarehersteller und ihre Lizenznehmer müssen die einzelnen mitwirkenden Programmierer nicht angeben.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Bei mindestens 100 Ton- oder 100 Bildträgern (oder dem entsprechenden Handelswert): Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h von zwei, drei oder fünf Jahren oder Geldstrafe bis zu 500.000 US-Dollar oder beides. Sonst beim ersten Verstoß: bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Geldstrafe bis zu 50.000 US-Dollar oder beides; im Wiederholungsfall bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170 Buchstabe h oder Geldstrafe von mindestens 1.000 und höchstens 200.000 US-Dollar oder beides.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(1) If the offense involves the advertisement, offer for sale or resale, sale, rental, manufacture, or possession for these purposes, of at least 100 articles of audio recordings or 100 articles of audiovisual works described in subdivision (a), or the commercial equivalent thereof, the person shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or five years, or by a fine not to exceed five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(2) Any other violation of subdivision (a) not described in paragraph (1) shall, upon a first offense, be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(3) A second or subsequent conviction under subdivision (a) not described in paragraph (1) shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine of not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000), but not to exceed two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) (1) A person is guilty of failure to disclose the origin of a recording or audiovisual work if, for commercial advantage or private financial gain, he or she knowingly advertises or offers for sale or resale, or sells or resells, or causes the rental, sale, or resale of, or rents, or manufactures, or possesses for these purposes, any recording or audiovisual work, the outside cover, box, jacket, or label of which does not clearly and conspicuously disclose the actual true name and address of the manufacturer thereof and the name of the actual author, artist, performer, producer, programmer, or group thereon. This section does not require the original manufacturer or authorized licensees of software producers to disclose the contributing authors or programmers. (2) As used in this section, “recording” means any tangible medium upon which information or sounds are recorded or otherwise stored, including, but not limited to, any phonograph record, disc, tape, audio cassette, wire, film, memory card, flash drive, hard drive, data storage device, or other medium on which information or sounds are recorded or otherwise stored, but does not include sounds accompanying a motion picture or other audiovisual work. (3) As used in this section, “audiovisual works” are the physical embodiment of works that consist of related images that are intrinsically intended to be shown using machines or devices, such as projectors, viewers, or electronic equipment, together with accompanying sounds, if any, regardless of the nature of the material objects, such as films, tapes, discs, memory cards, flash drives, hard drives, data storage devices, or other devices, on which the works are embodied. (b) A person who has been convicted of a violation of subdivision (a) shall be punished as follows: (1) If the offense involves the advertisement, offer for sale or resale, sale, rental, manufacture, or possession for these purposes, of at least 100 articles of audio recordings or 100 articles of audiovisual works described in subdivision (a), or the commercial equivalent thereof, the person shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or five years, or by a fine not to exceed five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (2) Any other violation of subdivision (a) not described in paragraph (1) shall, upon a first offense, be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (3) A second or subsequent conviction under subdivision (a) not described in paragraph (1) shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine of not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000), but not to exceed two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Sonstige Straftaten · Teil 1 · Geldstrafe $1.000 – $500.000
Ladendiebstahl nach mehreren Vorstrafen
Wer zwei oder mehr einschlägige Vorverurteilungen hat und erneut wegen geringfügigen Diebstahls oder Ladendiebstahls verurteilt wird, wird härter bestraft. Zu den einschlägigen Taten zählen geringfügiger Diebstahl, schwerer Diebstahl, Diebstahl zum Nachteil älterer Menschen und weitere Eigentumsdelikte, auch wenn die Verurteilung vor dem Inkrafttreten dieser Vorschrift lag.
Strafe
bis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 666.1 — Ladendiebstahl nach mehreren VorstrafenWortlautzu
Wer zwei oder mehr einschlägige Vorverurteilungen hat und erneut wegen geringfügigen Diebstahls oder Ladendiebstahls verurteilt wird, wird härter bestraft. Zu den einschlägigen Taten zählen geringfügiger Diebstahl, schwerer Diebstahl, Diebstahl zum Nachteil älterer Menschen und weitere Eigentumsdelikte, auch wenn die Verurteilung vor dem Inkrafttreten dieser Vorschrift lag.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe nach Section 1170 Buchstabe h. Bei einer weiteren Verurteilung nach dieser Vorschrift: Freiheitsstrafe im Bezirksgefängnis bis zu einem Jahr oder Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) (1) Notwithstanding any other law, a person who has two or more prior convictions for any of the offenses listed in paragraph (2), and who is convicted of petty theft or shoplifting, is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170. A second or subsequent conviction of this section is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year or by imprisonment in the state prison.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) (1) Notwithstanding any other law, a person who has two or more prior convictions for any of the offenses listed in paragraph (2), and who is convicted of petty theft or shoplifting, is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170. A second or subsequent conviction of this section is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year or by imprisonment in the state prison. (2) This section applies to the following offenses, including a conviction that occurred before the effective date of this section: (A) Petty theft, as described in Section 488 or 490.2. (B) Grand theft, as described in Sections 487, 487h, and in Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 484) of Title 13 of Part 1. (C) Theft from an elder or dependent adult, as described in Section 368. (D) The theft or unauthorized use of a vehicle, as described in Section 10851 of the Vehicle Code. (E) Burglary, as described in Section 459. (F) Carjacking, as described in Section 215. (G) Robbery, as described in Section 211. (H) Receiving stolen property, as described in Section 496. (I) Shoplifting, as described in Section 459.5. (J) Identity theft and mail theft, as described in Section 530.5. (b) A person subject to charging under this section or actually charged with this section may be referred by a prosecuting attorney’s office or by a county probation department to a theft diversion or deferred entry of judgment program pursuant to Section 1001.81. lf appropriate, a person admitted to such a program may also be referred to a substance abuse treatment program. (c) Upon an arrest for a violation of this section, the court shall require judicial review prior to release to make an individualized determination of risk to public safety and likelihood to return to court. (d) This section shall not be construed to preclude prosecution or punishment pursuant to any other law.
: Bewährung
Allgemeine Vorschriften · Teil 1
Strafschärfung bei Vorstrafen (Three Strikes)
Wer wegen eines schweren Verbrechens verurteilt wird und schon früher wegen eines schweren Verbrechens verurteilt wurde, erhält für jede solche Vorverurteilung eine zusätzliche Strafe. Bei einer einschlägigen Vorverurteilung wegen eines schweren oder Gewaltverbrechens verdoppelt sich die Strafe für die neue Tat. Bei zwei oder mehr solchen Vorverurteilungen droht eine zeitlich unbestimmte lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe. Diese Vorschrift ist als Three-Strikes-Regel bekannt.
Zuschlag, keine eigene Tat. Der Wert kommt voll auf die Strafe einer anderen Tat obendrauf — die Tat gehört also mit in den Fall, sonst gibt es nichts, worauf er kommt.
Zuschlag
5 bis 25 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 667 — Strafschärfung bei Vorstrafen (Three Strikes)Wortlautzu
Wer wegen eines schweren Verbrechens verurteilt wird und schon früher wegen eines schweren Verbrechens verurteilt wurde, erhält für jede solche Vorverurteilung eine zusätzliche Strafe. Bei einer einschlägigen Vorverurteilung wegen eines schweren oder Gewaltverbrechens verdoppelt sich die Strafe für die neue Tat. Bei zwei oder mehr solchen Vorverurteilungen droht eine zeitlich unbestimmte lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe. Diese Vorschrift ist als Three-Strikes-Regel bekannt.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Für jede frühere Verurteilung wegen eines schweren Verbrechens zusätzlich fünf Jahre, jeweils anschliessend zu verbüssen. Bei einer einschlägigen Vorverurteilung: doppelte Strafe für die neue Tat. Bei zwei oder mehr einschlägigen Vorverurteilungen: unbestimmte lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe mit einer Mindestverbüssungsdauer, die sich nach dem Höchsten von dreifacher Strafe, 25 Jahren Staatsgefängnis oder der nach Section 1170 bestimmten Strafe richtet.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) (1) A person convicted of a serious felony who previously has been convicted of a serious felony in this state or of any offense committed in another jurisdiction that includes all of the elements of any serious felony, shall receive, in addition to the sentence imposed by the court for the present offense, a five-year enhancement for each such prior conviction on charges brought and tried separately. The terms of the present offense and each enhancement shall run consecutively.
(ii) Imprisonment in the state prison for 25 years.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) (1) A person convicted of a serious felony who previously has been convicted of a serious felony in this state or of any offense committed in another jurisdiction that includes all of the elements of any serious felony, shall receive, in addition to the sentence imposed by the court for the present offense, a five-year enhancement for each such prior conviction on charges brought and tried separately. The terms of the present offense and each enhancement shall run consecutively. (2) This subdivision shall not be applied when the punishment imposed under other provisions of law would result in a longer term of imprisonment. There is no requirement of prior incarceration or commitment for this subdivision to apply. (3) The Legislature may increase the length of the enhancement of sentence provided in this subdivision by a statute passed by majority vote of each house thereof. (4) As used in this subdivision, “serious felony” means a serious felony listed in subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7. (5) This subdivision does not apply to a person convicted of selling, furnishing, administering, or giving, or offering to sell, furnish, administer, or give to a minor any methamphetamine-related drug or any precursors of methamphetamine unless the prior conviction was for a serious felony described in subparagraph (24) of subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7. (b) It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting subdivisions (b) to (i), inclusive, to ensure longer prison sentences and greater punishment for those who commit a felony and have been previously convicted of one or more serious or violent felony offenses. (c) Notwithstanding any other law, if a defendant has been convicted of a felony and it has been pled and proved that the defendant has one or more prior serious or violent felony convictions as defined in subdivision (d), the court shall adhere to each of the following: (1) There shall not be an aggregate term limitation for purposes of consecutive sentencing for any subsequent felony conviction. (2) Probation for the current offense shall not be granted, nor shall execution or imposition of the sentence be suspended for any prior offense. (3) The length of time between the prior serious or violent felony conviction and the current felony conviction shall not affect the imposition of sentence. (4) There shall not be a commitment to any other facility other than the state prison. Diversion shall not be granted, nor shall the defendant be eligible for commitment to the California Rehabilitation Center as provided in Article 2 (commencing with Section 3050) of Chapter 1 of Division 3 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. (5) The total amount of credits awarded pursuant to Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 2930) of Chapter 7 of Title 1 of Part 3 shall not exceed one-fifth of the total term of imprisonment imposed and shall not accrue until the defendant is physically placed in the state prison. (6) If there is a current conviction for more than one felony count not committed on the same occasion, and not arising from the same set of operative facts, the court shall sentence the defendant consecutively on each count pursuant to subdivision (e). (7) If there is a current conviction for more than one serious or violent felony as described in paragraph (6), the court shall impose the sentence for each conviction consecutive to the sentence for any other conviction for which the defendant may be consecutively sentenced in the manner prescribed by law. (8) A sentence imposed pursuant to subdivision (e) shall be imposed consecutive to any other sentence that the defendant is already serving, unless otherwise provided by law. (d) Notwithstanding any other law and for the purposes of subdivisions (b) to (i), inclusive, a prior conviction of a serious or violent felony shall be defined as: (1) An offense defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5 as a violent felony or an offense defined in subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7 as a serious felony in this state. The determination of whether a prior conviction is a prior felony conviction for purposes of subdivisions (b) to (i), inclusive, shall be made upon the date of that prior conviction and is not affected by the sentence imposed unless the sentence automatically, upon the initial sentencing, converts the felony to a misdemeanor. The following dispositions shall not affect the determination that a prior conviction is a prior felony for purposes of subdivisions (b) to (i), inclusive: (A) The suspension of imposition of judgment or sentence. (B) The stay of execution of sentence. (C) The commitment to the State Department of State Hospitals as a mentally disordered sex offender following a conviction of a felony. (D) The commitment to the California Rehabilitation Center or any other facility whose function is rehabilitative diversion from the state prison. (2) A prior conviction in another jurisdiction for an offense that, if committed in California, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison constitutes a prior conviction of a particular serious or violent felony if the prior conviction in the other jurisdiction is for an offense that includes all of the elements of a particular violent felony as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5 or serious felony as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7. (3) A prior juvenile adjudication constitutes a prior serious or violent felony conviction for purposes of sentence enhancement if it meets all of the following: (A) The juvenile was 16 years of age or older at the time the juvenile committed the prior offense. (B) The prior offense is listed in subdivision (b) of Section 707 of the Welfare and Institutions Code or described in paragraph (1) or (2) as a serious or violent felony. (C) The juvenile was found to be a fit and proper subject to be dealt with under the juvenile court law. (D) The juvenile was adjudged a ward of the juvenile court within the meaning of Section 602 of the Welfare and Institutions Code because the person committed an offense listed in subdivision (b) of Section 707 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. (e) For purposes of subdivisions (b) to (i), inclusive, and in addition to any other enhancement or punishment provisions that apply, the following apply if a defendant has one or more prior serious or violent felony convictions: (1) If a defendant has one prior serious or violent felony conviction as defined in subdivision (d) that has been pled and proved, the determinate term or minimum term for an indeterminate term shall be twice the term otherwise provided as punishment for the current felony conviction. (2) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (C), if a defendant has two or more prior serious or violent felony convictions as defined in subdivision (d) that have been pled and proved, the term for the current felony conviction shall be an indeterminate term of life imprisonment with a minimum term of the indeterminate sentence calculated as the greatest of: (i) Three times the term otherwise provided as punishment for each current felony conviction subsequent to the two or more prior serious or violent felony convictions. (ii) Imprisonment in the state prison for 25 years. (iii) The term determined by the court pursuant to Section 1170 for the underlying conviction, including any enhancement applicable under Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 1170) of Title 7 of Part 2, or any period prescribed by Section 190 or 3046. (B) The indeterminate term described in subparagraph (A) shall be served consecutive to any other term of imprisonment for which a consecutive term may be imposed by law. Any other term imposed subsequent to an indeterminate term described in subparagraph (A) shall not be merged therein but shall commence at the time the person would otherwise have been released from prison. (C) If a defendant has two or more prior serious or violent felony convictions as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5 or subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7 that have been pled and proved, and the current offense is not a serious or violent felony as defined in subdivision (d), the defendant shall be sentenced pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (e) unless the prosecution pleads and proves any of the following: (i) The current offense is a controlled substance charge, in which an allegation under Section 11370.4 or 11379.8 of the Health and Safety Code was admitted or found true. (ii) The current offense is a felony sex offense, defined in subdivision (d) of Section 261.5 or former Section 262, or a felony offense that results in mandatory registration as a sex offender pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 290 except for violations of Sections 266 and 285, paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) and subdivision (e) of Section 286, paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) and subdivision (e) of Section 288a, Section 311.11, and Section 314. (iii) During the commission of the current offense, the defendant used a firearm, was armed with a firearm or deadly weapon, or intended to cause great bodily injury to another person. (iv) The defendant suffered a prior serious or violent felony conviction, as defined in subdivision (d) of this section, for any of the following felonies: (I) A “sexually violent offense” as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 6600 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. (II) Oral copulation with a child who is under 14 years of age and more than 10 years younger than the defendant as defined by Section 288a, sodomy with another person who is under 14 years of age and more than 10 years younger than the defendant as defined by Section 286, or sexual penetration with another person who is under 14 years of age and more than 10 years younger than the defendant, as defined by Section 289. (III) A lewd or lascivious act involving a child under 14 years of age, in violation of Section 288. (IV) Any homicide offense, including any attempted homicide offense, defined in Sections 187 to 191.5, inclusive. (V) Solicitation to commit murder as defined in Section 653f. (VI) Assault with a machinegun on a peace officer or firefighter, as defined in paragraph (3) of subdivision (d) of Section 245. (VII) Possession of a weapon of mass destruction, as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 11418. (VIII) Any serious or violent felony offense punishable in California by life imprisonment or death. (f) (1) Notwithstanding any other law, subdivisions (b) to (i), inclusive, shall be applied in every case in which a defendant has one or more prior serious or violent felony convictions as defined in subdivision (d). The prosecuting attorney shall plead and prove each prior serious or violent felony conviction except as provided in paragraph (2). (2) The prosecuting attorney may move to dismiss or strike a prior serious or violent felony conviction allegation in the furtherance of justice pursuant to Section 1385, or if there is insufficient evidence to prove the prior serious or violent felony conviction. If upon the satisfaction of the court that there is insufficient evidence to prove the prior serious or violent felony conviction, the court may dismiss or strike the allegation. This section shall not be read to alter a court’s authority under Section 1385. (g) Prior serious or violent felony convictions shall not be used in plea bargaining as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 1192.7. The prosecution shall plead and prove all known prior serious or violent felony convictions and shall not enter into any agreement to strike or seek the dismissal of any prior serious or violent felony conviction allegation except as provided in paragraph (2) of subdivision (f). (h) All references to existing statutes in subdivisions (c) to (g), inclusive, are to statutes as they existed on November 7, 2012. (i) If any provision of subdivisions (b) to (h), inclusive, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of those subdivisions that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of those subdivisions are severable. (j) The provisions of this section shall not be amended by the Legislature except by statute passed in each house by rollcall vote entered in the journal, two-thirds of the membership concurring, or by a statute that becomes effective only when approved by the electors.
- Strafschärfung — der Wert ist ein Zusatzterm, keine Grundstrafe
- lebenslange-haft
: Bewährung
Allgemeine Vorschriften · Teil 1
Lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe für gefährliche Wiederholungstäter
Wer wegen eines Verbrechens verurteilt wird, bei dem er eine schwere Körperverletzung zugefügt oder persönlich Gewalt angewendet hat, die eine solche Verletzung erwarten liess, und wer zuvor bereits zwei oder mehr gesonderte Haftstrafen für schwere Gewalt- und Sexualdelikte verbüsst hat, wird als gefährlicher Wiederholungstäter zu einer lebenslangen Freiheitsstrafe verurteilt.
Zuschlag, keine eigene Tat. Der Wert kommt voll auf die Strafe einer anderen Tat obendrauf — die Tat gehört also mit in den Fall, sonst gibt es nichts, worauf er kommt.
Zuschlag
20 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 667.7 — Lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe für gefährliche WiederholungstäterWortlautzu
Wer wegen eines Verbrechens verurteilt wird, bei dem er eine schwere Körperverletzung zugefügt oder persönlich Gewalt angewendet hat, die eine solche Verletzung erwarten liess, und wer zuvor bereits zwei oder mehr gesonderte Haftstrafen für schwere Gewalt- und Sexualdelikte verbüsst hat, wird als gefährlicher Wiederholungstäter zu einer lebenslangen Freiheitsstrafe verurteilt.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis. Bei zwei früheren gesonderten Haftstrafen keine Aussetzung zur Bewährung vor 20 Jahren oder vor Ablauf der nach Section 1170, Section 190 oder Section 3046 bestimmten Frist, je nachdem was länger ist.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(1) A person who served two prior separate prison terms shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life and shall not be eligible for release on parole for 20 years, or the term determined by the court pursuant to Section 1170 for the underlying conviction, including any enhancement applicable under Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 1170) of Title 7 of Part 2, or any period prescribed by Section 190 or 3046, whichever is greatest. Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 2930) of Chapter 7 of
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Any person convicted of a felony in which the person inflicted great bodily injury as provided in Section 12022.53 or 12022.7, or personally used force which was likely to produce great bodily injury, who has served two or more prior separate prison terms as defined in Section 667.5 for the crime of murder; attempted murder; voluntary manslaughter; mayhem; rape by force, violence, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person; oral copulation by force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person; sodomy by force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person; lewd acts on a child under the age of 14 years by use of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person; a violation of subdivision (a) of Section 289 where the act is accomplished against the victim’s will by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person; kidnapping as punished in former subdivision (d) of Section 208, or for ransom, extortion, or robbery; robbery involving the use of force or a deadly weapon; carjacking involving the use of a deadly weapon; assault with intent to commit murder; assault with a deadly weapon; assault with a force likely to produce great bodily injury; assault with intent to commit rape, sodomy, oral copulation, sexual penetration in violation of Section 289, or lewd and lascivious acts on a child; arson of a structure; escape or attempted escape by an inmate with force or violence in violation of subdivision (a) of Section 4530, or of Section 4532; exploding a destructive device with intent to murder in violation of Section 18745; exploding a destructive device which causes bodily injury in violation of Section 18750, or mayhem or great bodily injury in violation of Section 18755; exploding a destructive device with intent to injure, intimidate, or terrify, in violation of Section 18740; any felony in which the person inflicted great bodily injury as provided in Section 12022.53 or 12022.7; or any felony punishable by death or life imprisonment with or without the possibility of parole is a habitual offender and shall be punished as follows: (1) A person who served two prior separate prison terms shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life and shall not be eligible for release on parole for 20 years, or the term determined by the court pursuant to Section 1170 for the underlying conviction, including any enhancement applicable under Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 1170) of Title 7 of Part 2, or any period prescribed by Section 190 or 3046, whichever is greatest. Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 2930) of Chapter 7 of Title 1 of Part 3 shall apply to reduce any minimum term in a state prison imposed pursuant to this section, but the person shall not otherwise be released on parole prior to that time. (2) Any person convicted of a felony specified in this subdivision who has served three or more prior separate prison terms, as defined in Section 667.5, for the crimes specified in subdivision (a) of this section shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole. (b) This section shall not prevent the imposition of the punishment of death or imprisonment for life without the possibility of parole. No prior prison term shall be used for this determination which was served prior to a period of 10 years in which the person remained free of both prison custody and the commission of an offense which results in a felony conviction. As used in this section, a commitment to the Department of the Youth Authority after conviction for a felony shall constitute a prior prison term. The term imposed under this section shall be imposed only if the prior prison terms are alleged under this section in the accusatory pleading, and either admitted by the defendant in open court, or found to be true by the jury trying the issue of guilt or by the court where guilt is established by a plea of guilty or nolo contendere or by a trial by the court sitting without a jury.
- Strafschärfung — der Wert ist ein Zusatzterm, keine Grundstrafe
- lebenslange-haft
- todesstrafe
Allgemeine Vorschriften · Teil 1
Lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe bei wiederholten Drogendelikten mit Minderjährigen
Wer wegen bestimmter Drogendelikte des Gesundheitsgesetzes verurteilt wird, insbesondere solcher, die Minderjährige einbeziehen, und dafür schon zwei oder mehr gesonderte Haftstrafen verbüsst hat, kann zu einer lebenslangen Freiheitsstrafe verurteilt werden.
Zuschlag, keine eigene Tat. Der Wert kommt voll auf die Strafe einer anderen Tat obendrauf — die Tat gehört also mit in den Fall, sonst gibt es nichts, worauf er kommt.
Zuschlag
17 Jahre Gefängnis
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 667.75 — Lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe bei wiederholten Drogendelikten mit MinderjährigenWortlautzu
Wer wegen bestimmter Drogendelikte des Gesundheitsgesetzes verurteilt wird, insbesondere solcher, die Minderjährige einbeziehen, und dafür schon zwei oder mehr gesonderte Haftstrafen verbüsst hat, kann zu einer lebenslangen Freiheitsstrafe verurteilt werden.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Freiheitsstrafe im Staatsgefängnis auf Lebenszeit ohne Aussetzung zur Bewährung vor 17 Jahren oder vor Ablauf der nach Section 1170 bestimmten Strafe, je nachdem was länger ist.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Any person convicted of a violation of Section 11353, 11353.5, 11361, 11380, or 11380.5 of the Health and Safety Code who has previously served two or more prior separate prison terms, as defined in Section 667.5, for a violation of Section 11353, 11353.5, 11361, 11380, or 11380.5 of the Health and Safety Code, may be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life and shall not be eligible for release on parole for 17 years, or the term determined by the court pursuant to Section 1170 for the underlying conviction, including any enhancement applicable under Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 1170) of Title 7 of Part 2, whichever is greatest. The provisions of Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 2930) of Chapter 7 of Title 1 of Part 3 shall apply to reduce any minimum term in a state prison imposed pursuant to this section, but the person shall not otherwise be released on parole prior to that time. No prior prison term shall be used for this determination which was served prior to a period of 10 years in which the person remained free of both prison custody and the commission of an offense which results in a felony conviction. As used in this section, a commitment to the Department of the Youth Authority after conviction for a felony shall constitute a prior prison term. The term imposed under this section shall be imposed only if the prior prison terms are alleged under this section in the accusatory pleading, and either admitted by the defendant in open court, or found to be true by the jury trying the issue of guilt or by the court where guilt is established by a plea of guilty or nolo contendere or by a trial by the court sitting without a jury.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Any person convicted of a violation of Section 11353, 11353.5, 11361, 11380, or 11380.5 of the Health and Safety Code who has previously served two or more prior separate prison terms, as defined in Section 667.5, for a violation of Section 11353, 11353.5, 11361, 11380, or 11380.5 of the Health and Safety Code, may be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life and shall not be eligible for release on parole for 17 years, or the term determined by the court pursuant to Section 1170 for the underlying conviction, including any enhancement applicable under Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 1170) of Title 7 of Part 2, whichever is greatest. The provisions of Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 2930) of Chapter 7 of Title 1 of Part 3 shall apply to reduce any minimum term in a state prison imposed pursuant to this section, but the person shall not otherwise be released on parole prior to that time. No prior prison term shall be used for this determination which was served prior to a period of 10 years in which the person remained free of both prison custody and the commission of an offense which results in a felony conviction. As used in this section, a commitment to the Department of the Youth Authority after conviction for a felony shall constitute a prior prison term. The term imposed under this section shall be imposed only if the prior prison terms are alleged under this section in the accusatory pleading, and either admitted by the defendant in open court, or found to be true by the jury trying the issue of guilt or by the court where guilt is established by a plea of guilty or nolo contendere or by a trial by the court sitting without a jury.
- Strafschärfung — der Wert ist ein Zusatzterm, keine Grundstrafe
- lebenslange-haft
- Einstufung aus der Strafhöhe abgeleitet, nicht aus dem Wortlaut
Allgemeine Vorschriften · Teil 1
Nichterscheinen nach Freilassung ohne Kaution
Wer wegen einer Straftat angeklagt oder verurteilt ist, ohne Sicherheitsleistung auf sein eigenes Wort freigelassen wurde und dann vorsätzlich nicht zum Termin erscheint, um sich dem Verfahren zu entziehen, macht sich strafbar. Es wird vermutet, dass sich dem Verfahren entziehen wollte, wer innerhalb von 14 Tagen nach dem Termin nicht erscheint. Bei einem Vergehen ist die Tat ein Vergehen, bei einem Verbrechen ein Verbrechen.
Strafe
bis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe bis $5.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 1320 — Nichterscheinen nach Freilassung ohne KautionWortlautzu
Wer wegen einer Straftat angeklagt oder verurteilt ist, ohne Sicherheitsleistung auf sein eigenes Wort freigelassen wurde und dann vorsätzlich nicht zum Termin erscheint, um sich dem Verfahren zu entziehen, macht sich strafbar. Es wird vermutet, dass sich dem Verfahren entziehen wollte, wer innerhalb von 14 Tagen nach dem Termin nicht erscheint. Bei einem Vergehen ist die Tat ein Vergehen, bei einem Verbrechen ein Verbrechen.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Bei zugrunde liegendem Vergehen: Vergehen. Bei zugrunde liegendem Verbrechen: Geldstrafe bis zu 5.000 Dollar oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170(h) oder Freiheitsstrafe bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Geldstrafe und Freiheitsstrafe zusammen.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
(a) Every person who is charged with or convicted of the commission of a misdemeanor who is released from custody on his or her own recognizance and who in order to evade the process of the court willfully fails to appear as required, is guilty of a misdemeanor. (b) Every person who is charged with or convicted of the commission of a felony who is released from custody on his or her own recognizance and who in order to evade the process of the court willfully fails to appear as required, is guilty of a felony, and upon conviction shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000) or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or in the county jail for not more than one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
(a) Every person who is charged with or convicted of the commission of a misdemeanor who is released from custody on his or her own recognizance and who in order to evade the process of the court willfully fails to appear as required, is guilty of a misdemeanor. It shall be presumed that a defendant who willfully fails to appear within 14 days of the date assigned for his or her appearance intended to evade the process of the court. (b) Every person who is charged with or convicted of the commission of a felony who is released from custody on his or her own recognizance and who in order to evade the process of the court willfully fails to appear as required, is guilty of a felony, and upon conviction shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000) or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or in the county jail for not more than one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. It shall be presumed that a defendant who willfully fails to appear within 14 days of the date assigned for his or her appearance intended to evade the process of the court.
- Abs. a (Vergehensvorwurf) Vergehen, Abs. b (Verbrechensvorwurf) Verbrechen/Wobbler — beim Anklagen wählen.
Sonstige Verfahren · Teil 2 · Geldstrafe bis $5.000
Stufe steht nicht im Gesetz
Nichterscheinen nach Freilassung gegen Kaution
Wer wegen eines Verbrechens angeklagt oder verurteilt ist, gegen Kaution freigelassen wurde und dann vorsätzlich nicht zum Termin erscheint, um sich dem Verfahren zu entziehen, macht sich strafbar. Erscheint jemand 14 Tage nach dem Termin noch nicht, darf das Gericht daraus auf die Absicht schliessen, sich dem Verfahren zu entziehen.
Strafe
bis zu 1 Jahr Gefängnisdazu Geldstrafe bis $10.000
Cal. Penal Code § Mehr dazuschließen
Cal. Penal Code § 1320.5 — Nichterscheinen nach Freilassung gegen KautionWortlautzu
Wer wegen eines Verbrechens angeklagt oder verurteilt ist, gegen Kaution freigelassen wurde und dann vorsätzlich nicht zum Termin erscheint, um sich dem Verfahren zu entziehen, macht sich strafbar. Erscheint jemand 14 Tage nach dem Termin noch nicht, darf das Gericht daraus auf die Absicht schliessen, sich dem Verfahren zu entziehen.
Strafe auf Deutsch —
Verbrechen: Geldstrafe bis zu 10.000 Dollar oder Freiheitsstrafe nach § 1170(h) oder Freiheitsstrafe bis zu einem Jahr im Bezirksgefängnis oder Geldstrafe und Freiheitsstrafe zusammen.
Wortlaut im Gesetz (englisch)
Every person who is charged with or convicted of the commission of a felony, who is released from custody on bail, and who in order to evade the process of the court willfully fails to appear as required, is guilty of a felony. Upon a conviction under this section, the person shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or in the county jail for not more than one year, or by both the fine and imprisonment. Willful failure to appear within 14 days of the date assigned for appearance may be found to have been for the purpose of evading the process of the court.
Ganzer Gesetzestext (englisch)
Every person who is charged with or convicted of the commission of a felony, who is released from custody on bail, and who in order to evade the process of the court willfully fails to appear as required, is guilty of a felony. Upon a conviction under this section, the person shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or in the county jail for not more than one year, or by both the fine and imprisonment. Willful failure to appear within 14 days of the date assigned for appearance may be found to have been for the purpose of evading the process of the court.
Sonstige Verfahren · Teil 2 · Geldstrafe bis $10.000
2Der Fall
Noch nichts ausgewählt. Suchen Sie oben nach der Tat und tippen Sie „Hinzufügen“ — jede Tat einzeln, so oft, wie sie vorkam.
3Geltende Paragraphen
Sobald die erste Tat oben im Fall liegt, stehen hier die Paragraphen, die dafür gelten — jeder mit Fundstelle zum Kopieren.
Orientierung, keine verbindliche Auskunft — das letzte Wort hat das Gericht. Katalog: leginfo.legislature.ca.gov — California Penal Code, Stand 30.08.2026, 1430 Paragraphen. Verbindlich ist der englische Wortlaut; die deutsche Fassung ist eine Arbeitsübersetzung und steht an jedem Paragraphen zum Aufklappen daneben.